{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T17:51:06Z","timestamp":1792000266310,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CNS Drugs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-015-0275-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,14]],"date-time":"2015-09-14T12:39:11Z","timestamp":1442234351000},"page":"725-740","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Diagnosis, Epidemiology and Management of Mixed States in Bipolar Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Fagiolini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Coluccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Maina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rocco N.","family":"Forgione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arianna","family":"Goracci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Cuomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan H.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"275_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000029","volume":"27","author":"DJ Castle","year":"2014","unstructured":"Castle DJ. Bipolar mixed states: still mixed up? Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2014;27(1):38\u201342.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"275_CR2","first-page":"215","volume":"39","author":"M Berk","year":"2005","unstructured":"Berk M, Dodd S, Malhi GS. \u2018Bipolar missed states\u2019: the diagnosis and clinical salience of bipolar mixed states. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2005;39(4):215\u201321.","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"key":"275_CR3","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2000.","edition":"4"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"275_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(01)00444-X","volume":"67","author":"F Benazzi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Benazzi F, Akiskal HS. Delineating bipolar II mixed states in the Ravenna-San Diego collaborative study: the relative prevalence and diagnostic significance of hypomanic features during major depressive episodes. J Affect Disord. 2001;67(1\u20133):115\u201322.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"8","key":"275_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.87","volume":"68","author":"J Angst","year":"2011","unstructured":"Angst J, Azorin JM, Bowden CL, Perugi G, Vieta E, Gamma A, et al. Prevalence and characteristics of undiagnosed bipolar disorders in patients with a major depressive episode: the BRIDGE study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2011;68(8):791\u20138.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"275_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. Arlington: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.","edition":"5"},{"issue":"3","key":"275_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e351","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.14m09092","volume":"76","author":"G Perugi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Perugi G, Angst J, Azorin JM, Bowden CL, Mosolov S, Reis J, et al. Mixed features in patients with a major depressive episode: the BRIDGE-II-MIX study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2015;76(3):e351\u20138.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"275_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.10.061","volume":"173","author":"IH Shim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shim IH, Woo YS, Bahk WM. Prevalence rates and clinical implications of bipolar disorder \u201cwith mixed features\u201d as defined by DSM-5. J Affect Disord. 2015;173:120\u20135.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"275_CR9","first-page":"20","volume":"66","author":"DL Dunner","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dunner DL. Atypical antipsychotics: efficacy across bipolar disorder subpopulations. J Clin Psychiatry. 2005;66(Suppl 3):20\u20137.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"275_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1976.01770090052004","volume":"33","author":"JM Himmelhoch","year":"1976","unstructured":"Himmelhoch JM, Mulla D, Neil JF, Detre TP, Kupfer DJ. Incidence and significance of mixed affective states in a bipolar population. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1976;33(9):1062\u20136.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"275_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2007.01131.x","volume":"117","author":"LV Kessing","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kessing LV. The prevalence of mixed episodes during the course of illness in bipolar disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2008;117(3):216\u201324.","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"issue":"1","key":"275_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.144.1.96","volume":"144","author":"SK Secunda","year":"1987","unstructured":"Secunda SK, Swann A, Katz MM, Koslow SH, Croughan J, Chang S. Diagnosis and treatment of mixed mania. Am J Psychiatry. 1987;144(1):96\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9878","key":"275_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60893-4","volume":"381","author":"GS Malhi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Malhi GS. Diagnosis of bipolar disorder: who is in a mixed state? Lancet. 2013;381(9878):1599\u2013600.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"275_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2012.12030301","volume":"170","author":"AC Swann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Swann AC, Lafer B, Perugi G, Frye MA, Bauer M, Bahk WM, et al. Bipolar mixed states: an international society for bipolar disorders task force report of symptom structure, course of illness, and diagnosis. Am J Psychiatry. 2013;170(1):31\u201342.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"275_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(98)00016-0","volume":"50","author":"F Cassidy","year":"1998","unstructured":"Cassidy F, Murry E, Forest K, Carroll BJ. Signs and symptoms of mania in pure and mixed episodes. J Affect Disord. 1998;50(2\u20133):187\u2013201.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"275_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(93)90036-J","volume":"28","author":"AC Swann","year":"1993","unstructured":"Swann AC, Secunda SK, Katz MM, Croughan J, Bowden CL, Koslow SH, et al. Specificity of mixed affective states: clinical comparison of dysphoric mania and agitated depression. J Affect Disord. 1993;28(2):81\u20139.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"275_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.01.008","volume":"158","author":"GS Malhi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Malhi GS, Lampe L, Coulston CM, Tanious M, Bargh DM, Curran G, et al. Mixed state discrimination: a DSM problem that wont go away? J Affect Disord. 2014;158:8\u201310.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"8","key":"275_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200721080-00001","volume":"21","author":"A Gonz\u00e1lez-Pinto","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Pinto A, Aldama A, Mosquera F, G\u00f3mez CG. Epidemiology, diagnosis and management of mixed mania. CNS Drugs. 2007;21(8):611\u201326.","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"275_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.12.031","volume":"156","author":"E Vieta","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vieta E, Grunze H, Azorin JM, Fagiolini A. Phenomenology of manic episodes according to the presence or absence of depressive features as defined in DSM-5: results from the IMPACT self-reported online survey. J Affect Disord. 2014;156:206\u201313.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"275_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1159\/000107559","volume":"76","author":"C Henry","year":"2007","unstructured":"Henry C, M\u2019Bailara K, Poinsot R, Casteret AA, Sorbara F, Leboyer M, et al. Evidence for two types of bipolar depression using a dimensional approach. Psychother Psychosom. 2007;76(6):325\u201331.","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"issue":"3","key":"275_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.12.004","volume":"85","author":"HS Akiskal","year":"2005","unstructured":"Akiskal HS, Benazzi F, Perugi G, Rihmer Z. Agitated, \u201cunipolar\u201d depression re-conceptualized as a depressive mixed state: implications for the antidepressant-suicide controversy. J Affect Disord. 2005;85(3):245\u201358.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"275_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2005.07.024","volume":"141","author":"F Benazzi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Benazzi F, Akiskal HS. Psychometric delineation of the most discriminant symptoms of depressive mixed states. Psychiatry Res. 2006;141(1):81\u20138.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"275_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.01.053","volume":"176","author":"GL Faedda","year":"2015","unstructured":"Faedda GL, Marangoni C, Reginaldi D. Depressive mixed states: a reappraisal of Koukopoulos\u2019 criteria. J Affect Disord. 2015;176:18\u201323.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"275_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1159\/000358808","volume":"83","author":"G Sani","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sani G, Napoletano F, Vohringer PA, Sullivan M, Simonetti A, Koukopoulos A, et al. Mixed depression: clinical features and predictors of its onset associated with antidepressant use. Psychother Psychosom. 2014;83(4):213\u201321.","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"issue":"1","key":"275_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12140","volume":"129","author":"A Koukopoulos","year":"2014","unstructured":"Koukopoulos A, Sani G. DSM-5 criteria for depression with mixed features: a farewell to mixed depression. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2014;129(1):4\u201316.","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"issue":"6","key":"275_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.633","volume":"16","author":"J Cavanagh","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cavanagh J, Schwannauer M, Power M, Goodwin GM. A novel scale for measuring mixed states in bipolar disorder. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2009;16(6):497\u2013509.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Psychother"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"275_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.04.028","volume":"127","author":"C Henry","year":"2010","unstructured":"Henry C, M\u2019Bailara K, Lepine JP, Lajnef M, Leboyer M. Defining bipolar mood states with quantitative measurement of inhibition\/activation and emotional reactivity. J Affect Disord. 2010;127(1\u20133):300\u20134.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"275_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2009.05.030","volume":"121","author":"RJ Baldessarini","year":"2010","unstructured":"Baldessarini RJ, Bolzani L, Cruz N, Jones PB, Lai M, Lepri B, et al. Onset-age of bipolar disorders at six international sites. J Affect Disord. 2010;121(1\u20132):143\u20136.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"275_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.09.035","volume":"152\u2013154","author":"IH Shim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shim IH, Woo YS, Jun TY, Bahk WM. Mixed-state bipolar I and II depression: time to remission and clinical characteristics. J Affect Disord. 2014;152\u2013154:340\u20136.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"275_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.11m07041","volume":"73","author":"J Undurraga","year":"2012","unstructured":"Undurraga J, Baldessarini RJ, Valenti M, Pacchiarotti I, Vieta E. Suicidal risk factors in bipolar I and II disorder patients. J Clin Psychiatry. 2012;73(6):778\u201382.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"275_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.02.001","volume":"148","author":"A Fagiolini","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fagiolini A, Forgione R, Maccari M, Cuomo A, Morana B, Dell\u2019Osso MC, et al. Prevalence, chronicity, burden and borders of bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord. 2013;148(2\u20133):161\u20139.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"12","key":"275_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2013.22","volume":"18","author":"GS Malhi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Malhi GS, Tanious M, Fritz K, Coulston CM, Bargh DM, Phan KL, et al. Differential engagement of the fronto-limbic network during emotion processing distinguishes bipolar and borderline personality disorder. Mol Psychiatry. 2013;18(12):1247\u20138.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"275_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1932","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300788","volume":"30","author":"CL Bowden","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bowden CL, Collins MA, McElroy SL, Calabrese JR, Swann AC, Weisler RH, et al. Relationship of mania symptomatology to maintenance treatment response with divalproex, lithium, or placebo. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2005;30(10):1932\u20139.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"275_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.04.005","volume":"126","author":"RS McIntyre","year":"2010","unstructured":"McIntyre RS, Cohen M, Zhao J, Alphs L, Macek TA, Panagides J. Asenapine for long-term treatment of bipolar disorder: a double-blind 40-week extension study. J Affect Disord. 2010;126(3):358\u201365.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"275_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2008.08020189","volume":"166","author":"T Suppes","year":"2009","unstructured":"Suppes T, Vieta E, Liu S, Brecher M, Paulsson B. Maintenance treatment for patients with bipolar I disorder: results from a North American study of quetiapine in combination with lithium or divalproex (trial 127). Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(4):476\u201388.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"275_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.163.2.247","volume":"163","author":"M Tohen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tohen M, Calabrese JR, Sachs GS, Banov MD, Detke HC, Risser R, et al. Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of olanzapine as maintenance therapy in patients with bipolar I disorder responding to acute treatment with olanzapine. Am J Psychiatry. 2006;163(2):247\u201356.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"275_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.11.003","volume":"116","author":"M Tohen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tohen M, Sutton VK, Calabrese JR, Sachs GS, Bowden CL. Maintenance of response following stabilization of mixed index episodes with olanzapine monotherapy in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of bipolar 1 disorder. J Affect Disord. 2009;116(1\u20132):43\u201350.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"275_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.06.001","volume":"109","author":"E Vieta","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vieta E, Suppes T, Eggens I, Persson I, Paulsson B, Brecher M. Efficacy and safety of quetiapine in combination with lithium or divalproex for maintenance of patients with bipolar I disorder (international trial 126). J Affect Disord. 2008;109(3):251\u201363.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"275_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e34757","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0034757","volume":"7","author":"A Patkar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Patkar A, Gilmer W, Pae CU, Vohringer PA, Ziffra M, Pirok E, et al. A 6\u00a0week randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of ziprasidone for the acute depressive mixed state. PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e34757.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"275_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-11-101","volume":"11","author":"A Szegedi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Szegedi A, Zhao J, van Willigenburg A, Nations KR, Mackle M, Panagides J. Effects of asenapine on depressive symptoms in patients with bipolar I disorder experiencing acute manic or mixed episodes: a post hoc analysis of two 3-week clinical trials. BMC Psychiatry. 2011;11:101.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"275_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-200304000-00005","volume":"23","author":"RW Baker","year":"2003","unstructured":"Baker RW, Tohen M, Fawcett J, Risser RC, Schuh LM, Brown E, et al. Acute dysphoric mania: treatment response to olanzapine versus placebo. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2003;23(2):132\u20137.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"275_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jcp.0000085410.08426.9a","volume":"23","author":"RJ Baldessarini","year":"2003","unstructured":"Baldessarini RJ, Hennen J, Wilson M, Calabrese J, Chengappa R, Keck PE Jr, et al. Olanzapine versus placebo in acute mania: treatment responses in subgroups. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2003;23(4):370\u20136.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"9","key":"275_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.9.841","volume":"57","author":"M Tohen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tohen M, Jacobs TG, Grundy SL, McElroy SL, Banov MC, Janicak PG, et al. Efficacy of olanzapine in acute bipolar mania: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The Olanzapine HGGW Study Group. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000;57(9):841\u20139.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"275_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.5.702","volume":"156","author":"M Tohen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tohen M, Sanger TM, McElroy SL, Tollefson GD, Chengappa KN, Daniel DG, et al. Olanzapine versus placebo in the treatment of acute mania. Olanzapine HGEH Study Group. Am J Psychiatry. 1999;156(5):702\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"275_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1185\/030079904125004493","volume":"20","author":"L Shi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shi L, Schuh LM, Trzepacz PT, Huang LX, Namjoshi MA, Tohen M. Improvement of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale cognitive score associated with olanzapine treatment of acute mania. Curr Med Res Opin. 2004;20(9):1371\u20136.","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"issue":"9","key":"275_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.9.1651","volume":"160","author":"PE Keck Jr","year":"2003","unstructured":"Keck PE Jr, Marcus R, Tourkodimitris S, Ali M, Liebeskind A, Saha A, et al. A placebo-controlled, double-blind study of the efficacy and safety of aripiprazole in patients with acute bipolar mania. Am J Psychiatry. 2003;160(9):1651\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"275_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2009.00748.x","volume":"11","author":"RS McIntyre","year":"2009","unstructured":"McIntyre RS, Cohen M, Zhao J, Alphs L, Macek TA, Panagides J. A 3-week, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of asenapine in the treatment of acute mania in bipolar mania and mixed states. Bipolar Disord. 2009;11(7):673\u201386.","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"275_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881106059693","volume":"20","author":"G Sachs","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sachs G, Sanchez R, Marcus R, Stock E, McQuade R, Carson W, et al. Aripiprazole in the treatment of acute manic or mixed episodes in patients with bipolar I disorder: a 3-week placebo-controlled study. J Psychopharmacol. 2006;20(4):536\u201346.","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"275_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.08.015","volume":"107","author":"T Suppes","year":"2008","unstructured":"Suppes T, Eudicone J, McQuade R, Pikalov A 3rd, Carlson B. Efficacy and safety of aripiprazole in subpopulations with acute manic or mixed episodes of bipolar I disorder. J Affect Disord. 2008;107(1\u20133):145\u201354.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"275_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.06.030","volume":"136","author":"J Berwaerts","year":"2012","unstructured":"Berwaerts J, Xu H, Nuamah I, Lim P, Hough D. Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of paliperidone extended-release in the treatment of acute mania: a randomized, double-blind, dose-response study. J Affect Disord. 2012;136(1\u20132):e51\u201360.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"275_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.4.741","volume":"160","author":"PE Keck Jr","year":"2003","unstructured":"Keck PE Jr, Versiani M, Potkin S, West SA, Giller E, Ice K. Ziprasidone in the treatment of acute bipolar mania: a three-week, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2003;160(4):741\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"275_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.187.3.229","volume":"187","author":"S Khanna","year":"2005","unstructured":"Khanna S, Vieta E, Lyons B, Grossman F, Eerdekens M, Kramer M. Risperidone in the treatment of acute mania: double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Br J Psychiatry. 2005;187:229\u201334.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"275_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.149.12.1633","volume":"149","author":"SL McElroy","year":"1992","unstructured":"McElroy SL, Keck PE Jr, Pope HG Jr, Hudson JI, Faedda GL, Swann AC. Clinical and research implications of the diagnosis of dysphoric or mixed mania or hypomania. Am J Psychiatry. 1992;149(12):1633\u201344.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"275_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jcp.0000169068.34322.70","volume":"25","author":"SG Potkin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Potkin SG, Keck PE Jr, Segal S, Ice K, English P. Ziprasidone in acute bipolar mania: a 21-day randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled replication trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2005;25(4):301\u201310.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"275_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2009.06.023","volume":"122","author":"S Stahl","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stahl S, Lombardo I, Loebel A, Mandel FS. Efficacy of ziprasidone in dysphoric mania: pooled analysis of two double-blind studies. J Affect Disord. 2010;122(1\u20132):39\u201345.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"275_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2010.00815.x","volume":"12","author":"E Vieta","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vieta E, Nuamah IF, Lim P, Yuen EC, Palumbo JM, Hough DW, et al. A randomized, placebo- and active-controlled study of paliperidone extended release for the treatment of acute manic and mixed episodes of bipolar I disorder. Bipolar Disord. 2010;12(3):230\u201343.","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"issue":"12","key":"275_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03510360044034","volume":"271","author":"CL Bowden","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bowden CL, Brugger AM, Swann AC, Calabrese JR, Janicak PG, Petty F, et al. Efficacy of divalproex vs lithium and placebo in the treatment of mania. The Depakote Mania Study Group. JAMA. 1994;271(12):918\u201324.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"275_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2000.101006444.x","volume":"101","author":"AC Swann","year":"2000","unstructured":"Swann AC, Bowden CL, Calabrese JR, Dilsaver SC, Morris DD. Mania: differential effects of previous depressive and manic episodes on response to treatment. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2000;101(6):444\u201351.","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"issue":"3","key":"275_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200620030-00004","volume":"20","author":"RH Weisler","year":"2006","unstructured":"Weisler RH, Hirschfeld R, Cutler AJ, Gazda T, Ketter TA, Keck PE, et al. Extended-release carbamazepine capsules as monotherapy in bipolar disorder : pooled results from two randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. CNS Drugs. 2006;20(3):219\u201331.","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"issue":"4","key":"275_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v65n0405","volume":"65","author":"RH Weisler","year":"2004","unstructured":"Weisler RH, Kalali AH, Ketter TA. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of extended-release carbamazepine capsules as monotherapy for bipolar disorder patients with manic or mixed episodes. J Clin Psychiatry. 2004;65(4):478\u201384.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"275_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v66n0308","volume":"66","author":"RH Weisler","year":"2005","unstructured":"Weisler RH, Keck PE Jr, Swann AC, Cutler AJ, Ketter TA, Kalali AH. Extended-release carbamazepine capsules as monotherapy for acute mania in bipolar disorder: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2005;66(3):323\u201330.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"275_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v67n1003","volume":"67","author":"CL Bowden","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bowden CL, Swann AC, Calabrese JR, Rubenfaer LM, Wozniak PJ, Collins MA, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter study of divalproex sodium extended release in the treatment of acute mania. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006;67(10):1501\u201310.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"275_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.149.1.108","volume":"149","author":"TW Freeman","year":"1992","unstructured":"Freeman TW, Clothier JL, Pazzaglia P, Lesem MD, Swann AC. A double-blind comparison of valproate and lithium in the treatment of acute mania. Am J Psychiatry. 1992;149(1):108\u201311.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"275_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v68n1203","volume":"68","author":"SN Ghaemi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ghaemi SN, Gilmer WS, Goldberg JF, Zablotsky B, Kemp DE, Kelley ME, et al. Divalproex in the treatment of acute bipolar depression: a preliminary double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007;68(12):1840\u20134.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"275_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.185.6.472","volume":"185","author":"RW Baker","year":"2004","unstructured":"Baker RW, Brown E, Akiskal HS, Calabrese JR, Ketter TA, Schuh LM, et al. Efficacy of olanzapine combined with valproate or lithium in the treatment of dysphoric mania. Br J Psychiatry. 2004;185:472\u20138.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"275_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v67n0811","volume":"67","author":"JP Houston","year":"2006","unstructured":"Houston JP, Ahl J, Meyers AL, Kaiser CJ, Tohen M, Baldessarini RJ. Reduced suicidal ideation in bipolar I disorder mixed-episode patients in a placebo-controlled trial of olanzapine combined with lithium or divalproex. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006;67(8):1246\u201352.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"275_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2010.05.016","volume":"45","author":"JP Houston","year":"2011","unstructured":"Houston JP, Ketter TA, Case M, Bowden C, Degenhardt EK, Jamal HH, et al. Early symptom change and prediction of subsequent remission with olanzapine augmentation in divalproex-resistant bipolar mixed episodes. J Psychiatr Res. 2011;45(2):169\u201373.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"275_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.7.1146","volume":"159","author":"GS Sachs","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sachs GS, Grossman F, Ghaemi SN, Okamoto A, Bowden CL. Combination of a mood stabilizer with risperidone or haloperidol for treatment of acute mania: a double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of efficacy and safety. Am J Psychiatry. 2002;159(7):1146\u201354.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"275_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.59.1.62","volume":"59","author":"M Tohen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tohen M, Chengappa KN, Suppes T, Zarate CA Jr, Calabrese JR, Bowden CL, et al. Efficacy of olanzapine in combination with valproate or lithium in the treatment of mania in patients partially nonresponsive to valproate or lithium monotherapy. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2002;59(1):62\u20139.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"275_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.08m04895yel","volume":"70","author":"JP Houston","year":"2009","unstructured":"Houston JP, Tohen M, Degenhardt EK, Jamal HH, Liu LL, Ketter TA. Olanzapine-divalproex combination versus divalproex monotherapy in the treatment of bipolar mixed episodes: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2009;70(11):1540\u20137.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"275_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.08m04772gre","volume":"70","author":"F Benazzi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Benazzi F, Berk M, Frye MA, Wang W, Barraco A, Tohen M. Olanzapine\/fluoxetine combination for the treatment of mixed depression in bipolar I disorder: a post hoc analysis. J Clin Psychiatry. 2009;70(10):1424\u201331.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"275_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.11.1079","volume":"60","author":"M Tohen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tohen M, Vieta E, Calabrese J, Ketter TA, Sachs G, Bowden C, et al. Efficacy of olanzapine and olanzapine-fluoxetine combination in the treatment of bipolar I depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60(11):1079\u201388.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"275_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0b013e3181b00f1e","volume":"26","author":"P Medda","year":"2010","unstructured":"Medda P, Perugi G, Zanello S, Ciuffa M, Rizzato S, Cassano GB. Comparative response to electroconvulsive therapy in medication-resistant bipolar I patients with depression and mixed state. J ECT. 2010;26(2):82\u20136.","journal-title":"J ECT"},{"issue":"1","key":"275_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2007.10.011","volume":"23","author":"M Valenti","year":"2008","unstructured":"Valenti M, Benabarre A, Garcia-Amador M, Molina O, Bernardo M, Vieta E. Electroconvulsive therapy in the treatment of mixed states in bipolar disorder. Eur Psychiatry. 2008;23(1):53\u20136.","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"275_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1097\/00124509-200006000-00010","volume":"16","author":"NP Gruber","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gruber NP, Dilsaver SC, Shoaib AM, Swann AC. ECT in mixed affective states: a case series. J ECT. 2000;16(2):183\u20138.","journal-title":"J ECT"},{"issue":"1","key":"275_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1097\/00124509-200003000-00004","volume":"16","author":"DP Devanand","year":"2000","unstructured":"Devanand DP, Polanco P, Cruz R, Shah S, Paykina N, Singh K, et al. The efficacy of ECT in mixed affective states. J ECT. 2000;16(1):32\u20137.","journal-title":"J ECT"},{"issue":"7","key":"275_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145711001817","volume":"15","author":"KN Fountoulakis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fountoulakis KN, Kontis D, Gonda X, Siamouli M, Yatham LN. Treatment of mixed bipolar states. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2012;15(7):1015\u201326.","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"275_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881109102919","volume":"23","author":"GM Goodwin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Goodwin GM. Evidence-based guidelines for treating bipolar disorder: revised second edition: recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology. J Psychopharmacol. 2009;23(4):346\u201388.","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"275_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2005.00219.x","volume":"7","author":"LN Yatham","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yatham LN, Kennedy SH, O\u2019Donovan C, Parikh S, MacQueen G, McIntyre R, et al. Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) guidelines for the management of patients with bipolar disorder: consensus and controversies. Bipolar Disord. 2005;7(Suppl 3):5\u201369.","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"275_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2008.08050746","volume":"166","author":"JF Goldberg","year":"2009","unstructured":"Goldberg JF, Perlis RH, Bowden CL, Thase ME, Miklowitz DJ, Marangell LB, et al. Manic symptoms during depressive episodes in 1380 patients with bipolar disorder: findings from the STEP-BD. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(2):173\u201381.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"275_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2009.12.028","volume":"122","author":"RS McIntyre","year":"2010","unstructured":"McIntyre RS, Cohen M, Zhao J, Alphs L, Macek TA, Panagides J. Asenapine in the treatment of acute mania in bipolar I disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Affect Disord. 2010;122(1\u20132):27\u201338.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"}],"container-title":["CNS Drugs"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40263-015-0275-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40263-015-0275-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40263-015-0275-6","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]],"date-time":"2023-08-14T02:13:25Z","timestamp":1691979205000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40263-015-0275-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]}},"alternative-id":["275"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40263-015-0275-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1172-7047","1179-1934"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1172-7047","type":"print"},{"value":"1179-1934","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]}}}