{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T09:34:02Z","timestamp":1790156042655,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,1]],"date-time":"2016-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462060800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CNS Drugs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-016-0337-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,7]],"date-time":"2016-05-07T10:45:46Z","timestamp":1462617946000},"page":"369-379","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":103,"title":["Treatment Options for Narcolepsy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Lucie","family":"Barateau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R\u00e9gis","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yves","family":"Dauvilliers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"337_CR1","unstructured":"AASM: American Academy of Sleep Medicine. ICSD-3: International Classification of Sleep Disorders, 3rd ed. American Academy of Sleep Medicine; 2014."},{"key":"337_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.12.1826","volume":"58","author":"MM Ohayon","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ohayon MM, Priest RG, Zulley J, Smirne S, Paiva T. Prevalence of narcolepsy symptomatology and diagnosis in the European general population. Neurology. 2002;58:1826\u201333.","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"337_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.11.2029","volume":"57","author":"Y Dauvilliers","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dauvilliers Y, Montplaisir J, Molinari N, Carlander B, Ondze B, Besset A, et al. Age at onset of narcolepsy in two large populations of patients in France and Quebec. Neurology. 2001;57:2029\u201333.","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"337_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1038\/79690","volume":"6","author":"C Peyron","year":"2000","unstructured":"Peyron C, Faraco J, Rogers W, Ripley B, Overeem S, Charnay Y, et al. A mutation in a case of early onset narcolepsy and a generalized absence of hypocretin peptides in human narcoleptic brains. Nat Med. 2000;6:991\u20137.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"337_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)00058-1","volume":"27","author":"TC Thannickal","year":"2000","unstructured":"Thannickal TC. Reduced number of hypocretin neurons in human narcolepsy. Neuron. 2000;27:469\u201374.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"337_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70075-4","volume":"13","author":"M Partinen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Partinen M, Kornum BR, Plazzi G, Jennum P, Julkunen I, Vaarala O. Narcolepsy as an autoimmune disease: the role of H1N1 infection and vaccination. Lancet Neurol. 2014;13:600\u201313.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"337_CR7","first-page":"955","volume":"9","author":"T Roth","year":"2013","unstructured":"Roth T, Dauvilliers Y, Mignot E, Montplaisir J, Paul J, Swick T, et al. Disrupted nighttime sleep in narcolepsy. J Clin Sleep Med JCSM Off Publ Am Acad Sleep Med. 2013;9:955\u201365.","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med JCSM Off Publ Am Acad Sleep Med"},{"key":"337_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2007.00601.x","volume":"16","author":"Y Dauvilliers","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dauvilliers Y, Pennestri M-H, Petit D, Dang-Vu T, Lavigne G, Montplaisir J. Periodic leg movements during sleep and wakefulness in narcolepsy. J Sleep Res. 2007;16:333\u20139.","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"337_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/33.5.689","volume":"33","author":"G Plazzi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Plazzi G, Ferri R, Antelmi E, Bayard S, Franceschini C, Cosentino FII, et al. Restless legs syndrome is frequent in narcolepsy with cataplexy patients. Sleep. 2010;33:689\u201394.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"337_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2012.10.006","volume":"14","author":"Y Dauvilliers","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dauvilliers Y, Jennum P, Plazzi G. Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and rapid eye movement sleep without atonia in narcolepsy. Sleep Med. 2013;14:775\u201381.","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"337_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2003.10.006","volume":"5","author":"S Kotagal","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kotagal S, Krahn LE, Slocumb N. A putative link between childhood narcolepsy and obesity. Sleep Med. 2004;5:147\u201350.","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"337_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-013-0433-9","volume":"16","author":"F Pizza","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pizza F, Magnani M, Indrio C, Plazzi G. The hypocretin system and psychiatric disorders. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2014;16:433.","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep."},{"key":"337_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.3756","volume":"37","author":"CR Baumann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Baumann CR, Mignot E, Lammers GJ, Overeem S, Arnulf I, Rye D, et al. Challenges in diagnosing narcolepsy without cataplexy: a consensus statement. Sleep. 2014;37:1035\u201342.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"337_CR14","unstructured":"AASM. ICSD-2: International Classification of Sleep Disorders, 2nd ed. American Academy of Sleep Medicine; 2005."},{"key":"337_CR15","first-page":"789","volume":"9","author":"LM Trotti","year":"2013","unstructured":"Trotti LM, Staab BA, Rye DB. Test-retest reliability of the multiple sleep latency test in narcolepsy without cataplexy and idiopathic hypersomnia. J Clin Sleep Med JCSM Off Publ Am Acad Sleep Med. 2013;9:789\u201395.","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med JCSM Off Publ Am Acad Sleep Med"},{"key":"337_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2006.01473.x","volume":"13","author":"M Billiard","year":"2006","unstructured":"Billiard M, Bassetti C, Dauvilliers Y, Dolenc-Groselj L, Lammers GJ, Mayer G, et al. EFNS guidelines on management of narcolepsy. Eur J Neurol. 2006;13:1035\u201348.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"337_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890500489700","volume":"38","author":"Y Dauvilliers","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dauvilliers Y, Tafti M. Molecular genetics and treatment of narcolepsy. Ann Med. 2006;38:252\u201362.","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"337_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2014.10.002","volume":"16","author":"MJ Thorpy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Thorpy MJ, Dauvilliers Y. Clinical and practical considerations in the pharmacologic management of narcolepsy. Sleep Med. 2015;16:9\u201318.","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"337_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/30.12.1705","volume":"30","author":"TI Morgenthaler","year":"2007","unstructured":"Morgenthaler TI, Kapur VK, Brown T, Swick TJ, Alessi C, Aurora RN, et al. Practice parameters for the treatment of narcolepsy and other hypersomnias of central origin. Sleep. 2007;30:1705\u201311.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"337_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/24.4.385","volume":"24","author":"AE Rogers","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rogers AE, Aldrich MS, Lin X. A comparison of three different sleep schedules for reducing daytime sleepiness in narcolepsy. Sleep. 2001;24:385\u201391.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"337_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-53817-8.00006-2","volume":"190","author":"J Snel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Snel J, Lorist MM. Effects of caffeine on sleep and cognition. Prog Brain Res. 2011;190:105\u201317.","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"337_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60237-2","volume":"369","author":"Y Dauvilliers","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dauvilliers Y, Arnulf I, Mignot E. Narcolepsy with cataplexy. Lancet. 2007;369:499\u2013511.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"337_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2654","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1500587","volume":"373","author":"TE Scammell","year":"2015","unstructured":"Scammell TE. Narcolepsy. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:2654\u201362.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"337_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2005.02.003","volume":"132","author":"JP Wisor","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wisor JP, Eriksson KS. Dopaminergic-adrenergic interactions in the wake promoting mechanism of modafinil. Neuroscience. 2005;132:1027\u201334.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"337_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S107","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/17.suppl_8.S107","volume":"17","author":"M Billiard","year":"1994","unstructured":"Billiard M, Besset A, Montplaisir J, Laffont F, Goldenberg F, Weill JS, et al. Modafinil: a double-blind multicentric study. Sleep. 1994;17:S107\u201312.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"337_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.49.2.444","volume":"49","author":"RJ Broughton","year":"1997","unstructured":"Broughton RJ, Fleming JA, George CF, Hill JD, Kryger MH, Moldofsky H, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial of modafinil in the treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness in narcolepsy. Neurology. 1997;49:444\u201351.","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"337_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Randomized trial of modafinil for the treatment of pathological somnolence in narcolepsy. US Modafinil in Narcolepsy Multicenter Study Group. Ann Neurol. 1998;43(1):88\u201397.","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410430115"},{"key":"337_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Randomized trial of modafinil as a treatment for the excessive daytime somnolence of narcolepsy: US Modafinil in Narcolepsy Multicenter Study Group. Neurology. 2000;54(5):1166\u201375.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.5.1166"},{"key":"337_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1097\/00002826-200309000-00009","volume":"26","author":"JRL Schwartz","year":"2003","unstructured":"Schwartz JRL, Feldman NT, Bogan RK, Nelson MT, Hughes RJ. Dosing regimen effects of modafinil for improving daytime wakefulness in patients with narcolepsy. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2003;26:252\u20137.","journal-title":"Clin Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"337_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7176.108227","volume":"34","author":"GV Gaikwad","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gaikwad GV, Dhuri CV. Modafinil-induced fixed drug eruption. Indian J Psychol Med. 2012;34:383\u20134.","journal-title":"Indian J Psychol Med."},{"key":"337_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2011.00991.x","volume":"21","author":"M Lecendreux","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lecendreux M, Bruni O, Franco P, Gringras P, Konofal E, Nevsimalova S, et al. Clinical experience suggests that modafinil is an effective and safe treatment for paediatric narcolepsy. J Sleep Res. 2012;21:481\u20133.","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"337_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/29.7.939","volume":"29","author":"J Black","year":"2006","unstructured":"Black J, Houghton WC. Sodium oxybate improves excessive daytime sleepiness in narcolepsy. Sleep. 2006;29:939\u201346.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"337_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.2165\/11315280-000000000-00000","volume":"29","author":"M Darwish","year":"2009","unstructured":"Darwish M, Kirby M, Hellriegel ET, Robertson P. Armodafinil and modafinil have substantially different pharmacokinetic profiles despite having the same terminal half-lives: analysis of data from three randomized, single-dose, pharmacokinetic studies. Clin Drug Investig. 2009;29:613\u201323.","journal-title":"Clin Drug Investig"},{"key":"337_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2011.09.001","volume":"16","author":"R Boscolo-Berto","year":"2012","unstructured":"Boscolo-Berto R, Viel G, Montagnese S, Raduazzo DI, Ferrara SD, Dauvilliers Y. Narcolepsy and effectiveness of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB): a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Sleep Med Rev. 2012;16:431\u201343.","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"337_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2003.11.002","volume":"5","author":"U.S. Xyrem Multicenter Study Group","year":"2004","unstructured":"U.S. Xyrem Multicenter Study Group. Sodium oxybate demonstrates long-term efficacy for the treatment of cataplexy in patients with narcolepsy. Sleep Med. 2004;5:119\u201323.","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"337_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.22.9.798.34063","volume":"22","author":"LA Borgen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Borgen LA, Cook HN, Hornfeldt CS, Fuller DE. Sodium oxybate (GHB) for treatment of cataplexy. Pharmacotherapy. 2002;22:798\u20139.","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy."},{"key":"337_CR37","first-page":"365","volume":"5","author":"YG Wang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wang YG, Swick TJ, Carter LP, Thorpy MJ, Benowitz NL. Safety overview of postmarketing and clinical experience of sodium oxybate (Xyrem): abuse, misuse, dependence, and diversion. J Clin Sleep Med JCSM Off Publ Am Acad Sleep Med. 2009;5:365\u201371.","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med JCSM Off Publ Am Acad Sleep Med"},{"key":"337_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.579","volume":"19","author":"BE Leonard","year":"2004","unstructured":"Leonard BE, McCartan D, White J, King DJ. Methylphenidate: a review of its neuropharmacological, neuropsychological and adverse clinical effects. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2004;19:151\u201380.","journal-title":"Hum Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"337_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/9.1.260","volume":"9","author":"MM Mitler","year":"1986","unstructured":"Mitler MM, Shafor R, Hajdukovich R, Timms RM, Browman CP. Treatment of narcolepsy: objective studies on methylphenidate, pemoline, and protriptyline. Sleep. 1986;9:260\u20134.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"337_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2007.12.003","volume":"30","author":"J-S Lin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lin J-S, Dauvilliers Y, Arnulf I, Bastuji H, Anaclet C, Parmentier R, et al. An inverse agonist of the histamine H(3) receptor improves wakefulness in narcolepsy: studies in orexin\u2212\/\u2212 mice and patients. Neurobiol Dis. 2008;30:74\u201383.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"337_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70225-4","volume":"12","author":"Y Dauvilliers","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dauvilliers Y, Bassetti C, Lammers GJ, Arnulf I, Mayer G, Rodenbeck A, et al. Pitolisant versus placebo or modafinil in patients with narcolepsy: a double-blind, randomised trial. Lancet Neurol. 2013;12:1068\u201375.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"337_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.290.6476.1167","volume":"290","author":"J Shindler","year":"1985","unstructured":"Shindler J, Schachter M, Brincat S, Parkes JD. Amphetamine, mazindol, and fencamfamin in narcolepsy. Br Med J Clin Res Ed. 1985;290:1167\u201370.","journal-title":"Br Med J Clin Res Ed."},{"key":"337_CR43","first-page":"93","volume":"7","author":"MM Mitler","year":"1990","unstructured":"Mitler MM, Hajdukovic R, Erman M, Koziol JA. Narcolepsy. J Clin Neurophysiol Off Publ Am Electroencephalogr Soc. 1990;7:93\u2013118.","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol Off Publ Am Electroencephalogr Soc."},{"key":"337_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/16.3.203","volume":"16","author":"MM Mitler","year":"1993","unstructured":"Mitler MM, Hajdukovic R, Erman MK. Treatment of narcolepsy with methamphetamine. Sleep. 1993;16:306\u201317.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"337_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/28.6.667","volume":"28","author":"RR Auger","year":"2005","unstructured":"Auger RR, Goodman SH, Silber MH, Krahn LE, Pankratz VS, Slocumb NL. Risks of high-dose stimulants in the treatment of disorders of excessive somnolence: a case-control study. Sleep. 2005;28:667\u201372.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"3","key":"337_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.5530","volume":"39","author":"L Barateau","year":"2016","unstructured":"Barateau L, Jaussent I, Lopez R, Boutrel B, Leu-Semenescu S, Arnulf I, et al. Smoking, Alcohol, Drug Use, Abuse and Dependence in Narcolepsy and Idiopathic Hypersomnia: A Case-Control Study. Sleep. 2016;39(3):573\u201380. doi: 10.5665\/sleep.5530 .","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"337_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)92966-6","volume":"337","author":"B Alvarez","year":"1991","unstructured":"Alvarez B, Dahlitz M, Grimshaw J, Parkes JD. Mazindol in long-term treatment of narcolepsy. Lancet Lond Engl. 1991;337:1293\u20134.","journal-title":"Lancet Lond Engl."},{"key":"337_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2013.783021","volume":"14","author":"R Lopez","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lopez R, Dauvilliers Y. Pharmacotherapy options for cataplexy. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2013;14:895\u2013903.","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"337_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2012.07.008","volume":"14","author":"N Nittur","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nittur N, Konofal E, Dauvilliers Y, Franco P, Leu-Semenescu S, Cock VCD, et al. Mazindol in narcolepsy and idiopathic and symptomatic hypersomnia refractory to stimulants: a long-term chart review. Sleep Med. 2013;14:30\u20136.","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"337_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000175978.61048.62","volume":"65","author":"R Poryazova","year":"2005","unstructured":"Poryazova R, Siccoli M, Werth E, Bassetti CL. Unusually prolonged rebound cataplexy after withdrawal of fluoxetine. Neurology. 2005;65:967\u20138.","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"337_CR51","first-page":"217","volume":"5","author":"M Smith","year":"1996","unstructured":"Smith M, Parkes J, Dahlitz M. Venlafaxine in the treatment of the narcoleptic syndrome. J Sleep Res. 1996;5(Suppl 1):217.","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"337_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2014.97","volume":"10","author":"Y Dauvilliers","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dauvilliers Y, Siegel JM, Lopez R, Torontali ZA, Peever JH. Cataplexy\u2013clinical aspects, pathophysiology and management strategy. Nat Rev Neurol. 2014;10:386\u201395.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol."},{"key":"337_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/9.2.371","volume":"9","author":"N Langdon","year":"1986","unstructured":"Langdon N, Shindler J, Parkes JD, Bandak S. Fluoxetine in the treatment of cataplexy. Sleep. 1986;9:371\u20133.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"337_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.44.4.707","volume":"44","author":"J Frey","year":"1994","unstructured":"Frey J, Darbonne C. Fluoxetine suppresses human cataplexy: a pilot study. Neurology. 1994;44:707\u20139.","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"337_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.43.2.171","volume":"43","author":"M Schachter","year":"1980","unstructured":"Schachter M, Parkes JD. Fluvoxamine and clomipramine in the treatment of cataplexy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1980;43:171\u20134.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"337_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.2015.1081046","volume":"127","author":"DJ Walker","year":"2015","unstructured":"Walker DJ, Mason O, Clemow DB, Day KA. Atomoxetine treatment in adults with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder. Postgrad Med. 2015;127:686\u2013701.","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"key":"337_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/15.3.212","volume":"15","author":"MJ Thorpy","year":"1992","unstructured":"Thorpy MJ, Snyder M, Aloe FS, Ledereich PS, Starz KE. Short-term triazolam use improves nocturnal sleep of narcoleptics. Sleep. 1992;15:212\u20136.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"337_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.1993.tb00093.x","volume":"2","author":"CH Schenck","year":"1993","unstructured":"Schenck CH, Hurwitz TD, Mahowald MW. Symposium: normal and abnormal REM sleep regulation: REM sleep behaviour disorder: an update on a series of 96 patients and a review of the world literature. J Sleep Res. 1993;2:224\u201331.","journal-title":"J Sleep Res."},{"key":"337_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2014.09.011","volume":"16","author":"IR McGrane","year":"2015","unstructured":"McGrane IR, Leung JG, St Louis EK, Boeve BF. Melatonin therapy for REM sleep behavior disorder: a critical review of evidence. Sleep Med. 2015;16:19\u201326.","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"337_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2015.2904","volume":"73","author":"J Liebenthal","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liebenthal J, Valerio J, Ruoff C, Mahowald M. A case of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder in parkinson disease treated with sodium oxybate. JAMA Neurol. 2016;73:126\u20137.","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"337_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2013.03.002","volume":"14","author":"MM Ohayon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ohayon MM. Narcolepsy is complicated by high medical and psychiatric comorbidities: a comparison with the general population. Sleep Med. 2013;14:488\u201392.","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"337_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2003.156","volume":"11","author":"SW Kok","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kok SW, Overeem S, Visscher TLS, Lammers GJ, Seidell JC, Pijl H, et al. Hypocretin deficiency in narcoleptic humans is associated with abdominal obesity. Obes Res. 2003;11:1147\u201354.","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"337_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e38977","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0038977","volume":"7","author":"Y Dauvilliers","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dauvilliers Y, Jaussent I, Krams B, Scholz S, Lado S, Levy P, et al. Non-dipping blood pressure profile in narcolepsy with cataplexy. PLoS One. 2012;7:e38977.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"337_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000793","volume":"83","author":"V Donadio","year":"2014","unstructured":"Donadio V, Liguori R, Vandi S, Pizza F, Dauvilliers Y, Leta V, et al. Lower wake resting sympathetic and cardiovascular activities in narcolepsy with cataplexy. Neurology. 2014;83:1080\u20136.","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"337_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2008.161588","volume":"80","author":"Y Dauvilliers","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dauvilliers Y, Paquereau J, Bastuji H, Drouot X, Weil J-S, Viot-Blanc V. Psychological health in central hypersomnias: the French Harmony study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2009;80:636\u201341.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"337_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.4910","volume":"38","author":"M Lecendreux","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lecendreux M, Lavault S, Lopez R, Inocente CO, Konofal E, Cortese S, et al. Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms in pediatric narcolepsy: a cross-sectional study. Sleep. 2015;38:1285\u201395.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"337_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2009.08.007","volume":"32","author":"HAD Fortuyn","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fortuyn HAD, Lappenschaar MA, Furer JW, Hodiamont PP, Rijnders CAT, Renier WO, et al. Anxiety and mood disorders in narcolepsy: a case-control study. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2010;32:49\u201356.","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"key":"337_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2008.05.012","volume":"10","author":"AM Husain","year":"2009","unstructured":"Husain AM, Ristanovic RK, Bogan RK. Weight loss in narcolepsy patients treated with sodium oxybate. Sleep Med. 2009;10:661\u20133.","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"337_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-009-0283-1","volume":"14","author":"NT Feldman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Feldman NT. Clinical perspective: monitoring sodium oxybate-treated narcolepsy patients for the development of sleep-disordered breathing. Sleep Breath Schlaf Atm. 2010;14:77\u20139.","journal-title":"Sleep Breath Schlaf Atm."},{"key":"337_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1097\/WNF.0b013e318193e394","volume":"32","author":"JM Shneerson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Shneerson JM. Successful treatment of REM sleep behavior disorder with sodium oxybate. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2009;32:158\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"337_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2958","volume":"36","author":"S Bayard","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bayard S, Langenier MC, Dauvilliers Y. Effect of psychostimulants on impulsivity and risk taking in narcolepsy with cataplexy. Sleep. 2013;36:1335\u201340.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"337_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/14.6.540","volume":"14","author":"MW Johns","year":"1991","unstructured":"Johns MW. A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale. Sleep. 1991;14:540\u20135.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"337_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(00)00065-4","volume":"2","author":"CH Bastien","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bastien CH, Valli\u00e8res A, Morin CM. Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research. Sleep Med. 2001;2:297\u2013307.","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"337_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2011.10111704","volume":"168","author":"K Posner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Posner K, Brown GK, Stanley B, Brent DA, Yershova KV, Oquendo MA, et al. The Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale: initial validity and internal consistency findings from three multisite studies with adolescents and adults. Am J Psychiatry. 2011;168:1266\u201377.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"337_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-200503000-00003","volume":"43","author":"JW Shaw","year":"2005","unstructured":"Shaw JW, Johnson JA, Coons SJ. US valuation of the EQ-5D health states: development and testing of the D1 valuation model. Med Care. 2005;43:203\u201320.","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"337_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4649","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0400590101","volume":"101","author":"M Mieda","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mieda M, Willie JT, Hara J, Sinton CM, Sakurai T, Yanagisawa M. Orexin peptides prevent cataplexy and improve wakefulness in an orexin neuron-ablated model of narcolepsy in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2004;101:4649\u201354.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"337_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2013.12.045","volume":"262","author":"SL Weinhold","year":"2014","unstructured":"Weinhold SL, Seeck-Hirschner M, Nowak A, Hallschmid M, G\u00f6der R, Baier PC. The effect of intranasal orexin-A (hypocretin-1) on sleep, wakefulness and attention in narcolepsy with cataplexy. Behav Brain Res. 2014;262:8\u201313.","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"337_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14239","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3878-07.2007","volume":"27","author":"SA Deadwyler","year":"2007","unstructured":"Deadwyler SA, Porrino L, Siegel JM, Hampson RE. Systemic and nasal delivery of orexin-A (Hypocretin-1) reduces the effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance in nonhuman primates. J Neurosci Off J Soc Neurosci. 2007;27:14239\u201347.","journal-title":"J Neurosci Off J Soc Neurosci."},{"key":"337_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7931","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.5b00988","volume":"58","author":"T Nagahara","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nagahara T, Saitoh T, Kutsumura N, Irukayama-Tomobe Y, Ogawa Y, Kuroda D, et al. Design and synthesis of non-peptide, selective orexin receptor 2 agonists. J Med Chem. 2015;58:7931\u20137.","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"337_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e95342","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0095342","volume":"9","author":"O Arias-Carri\u00f3n","year":"2014","unstructured":"Arias-Carri\u00f3n O, Murillo-Rodr\u00edguez E. Effects of hypocretin\/orexin cell transplantation on narcoleptic-like sleep behavior in rats. PLoS One. 2014;9:e95342.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"337_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70218-2","volume":"14","author":"RS Liblau","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liblau RS, Vassalli A, Seifinejad A, Tafti M. Hypocretin (orexin) biology and the pathophysiology of narcolepsy with cataplexy. Lancet Neurol. 2015;14:318\u201328.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"337_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2870","volume":"36","author":"S Kantor","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kantor S, Mochizuki T, Lops SN, Ko B, Clain E, Clark E, et al. Orexin gene therapy restores the timing and maintenance of wakefulness in narcoleptic mice. Sleep. 2013;36:1129\u201338.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"337_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20339","volume":"56","author":"Y Dauvilliers","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dauvilliers Y, Carlander B, Rivier F, Touchon J, Tafti M. Successful management of cataplexy with intravenous immunoglobulins at narcolepsy onset. Ann Neurol. 2004;56:905\u20138.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol."},{"key":"337_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-008-0983-7","volume":"255","author":"G Plazzi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Plazzi G, Poli F, Franceschini C, Parmeggiani A, Pirazzoli P, Bernardi F, et al. Intravenous high-dose immunoglobulin treatment in recent onset childhood narcolepsy with cataplexy. J Neurol. 2008;255:1549\u201354.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"337_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181bd1344","volume":"73","author":"Y Dauvilliers","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dauvilliers Y, Abril B, Mas E, Michel F, Tafti M. Normalization of hypocretin-1 in narcolepsy after intravenous immunoglobulin treatment. Neurology. 2009;73:1333\u20134.","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"337_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2009.3","volume":"34","author":"S Hasan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hasan S, Pradervand S, Ahnaou A, Drinkenburg W, Tafti M, Franken P. How to keep the brain awake? The complex molecular pharmacogenetics of wake promotion. Neuropsychopharmacol Off Publ Am Coll Neuropsychopharmacol. 2009;34:1625\u201340.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol Off Publ Am Coll Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"337_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2015.05.013","volume":"16","author":"RK Bogan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bogan RK, Feldman N, Emsellem HA, Rosenberg R, Lu Y, Bream G, et al. Effect of oral JZP-110 (ADX-N05) treatment on wakefulness and sleepiness in adults with narcolepsy. Sleep Med. 2015;16:1102\u20138.","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"337_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6401","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-16-06401.1997","volume":"17","author":"S Nishino","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nishino S, Arrigoni J, Shelton J, Kanbayashi T, Dement WC, Mignot E. Effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and its analogs on daytime sleepiness and cataplexy in canine narcolepsy. J Neurosci Off J Soc Neurosci. 1997;17:6401\u20138.","journal-title":"J Neurosci Off J Soc Neurosci."},{"key":"337_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2013.04.019","volume":"75","author":"X Liu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liu X, Petit J-M, Ezan P, Gyger J, Magistretti P, Giaume C. The psychostimulant modafinil enhances gap junctional communication in cortical astrocytes. Neuropharmacology. 2013;75:533\u20138.","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"337_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duch\u00eane A, Perier M, Zhao Y, Liu X, Thomasson J, Chauveau F, et al. Impact of Astroglial Connexins on Modafinil Pharmacological Properties. Sleep. 2016 [Epub ahead of print].","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.5854"}],"container-title":["CNS Drugs"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40263-016-0337-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40263-016-0337-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40263-016-0337-4","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,7]],"date-time":"2019-09-07T07:45:43Z","timestamp":1567842343000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40263-016-0337-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]}},"alternative-id":["337"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40263-016-0337-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1172-7047","1179-1934"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1172-7047","type":"print"},{"value":"1179-1934","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]}}}