{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T17:37:50Z","timestamp":1784828270110,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":146,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,11]],"date-time":"2019-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549843200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CNS Drugs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-018-00602-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,11]],"date-time":"2019-02-11T13:38:23Z","timestamp":1549892303000},"page":"195-208","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Treatment of Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy in Patients of Child-Bearing Potential"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Serafini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Gerard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Genton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arielle","family":"Crespel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Gelisse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"602_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181b9c86f","volume":"73","author":"CS Camfield","year":"2009","unstructured":"Camfield CS. Camfield PR (2009): juvenile myoclonic epilepsy 25\u00a0years after seizure onset: a population-based study. Neurology. 2009;73:1041\u20135.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"suppl 9","key":"602_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2005.00309.x","volume":"46","author":"P Jallon","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jallon P, Latour P. Epidemiology of idiopathic generalized epilepsies. Epilepsia. 2005;46(suppl 9):10\u20134.","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"602_CR3","first-page":"97","volume":"13","author":"P Gelisse","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gelisse P, Malafosse A, Genton P, Thomas P, Moulard B, Baldy-Moulinier M. Aspects g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques de l\u2019\u00e9pilepsie myoclonique juv\u00e9nile (Genetic aspects of Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy). Epilepsies. 2001;13:97\u2013102.","journal-title":"Epilepsies"},{"key":"602_CR4","first-page":"346","volume":"176","author":"D Janz","year":"1957","unstructured":"Janz D, Christian W. Impulsiv - petit mal. Deutsch Z Nervenheilkd. 1957;176:346\u201386 (English translation by Genton P. In: Malafosse A, Genton P, Hirsch E, Marescaux C, Broglin D, Bernasconi M, editors. Idiopathic generalized epilepsies. London: John Libbey; 1994. pp. 229\u201351.).","journal-title":"Deutsch Z Nervenheilkd"},{"key":"602_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1985.tb00900.x","volume":"72","author":"D Janz","year":"1985","unstructured":"Janz D. Epilepsy with impulsive petit mal (juvenile myoclonic epilepsy). Acta Neurol Scand. 1985;72:449\u201359.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"602_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2012.11.051","volume":"28","author":"DG Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenit\u00e9","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenit\u00e9 DG, Schmitz B, Janz D, et al. Consensus on diagnosis and management of JME: from founder\u2019s observations to current trends. Epilepsy Behav. 2013;28(Suppl. 1):S87\u201390.","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"602_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.70.2.240","volume":"70","author":"P Gelisse","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gelisse P, Genton P, Thomas P, Rey M, Samuelian JC, Dravet C. Clinical factors of drug resistance in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2001;70:240\u20133.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"602_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2013.01.001","volume":"28","author":"A Crespel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Crespel A, Gelisse P, Reed RC, Ferlazzo E, Jerney J, Schmitz B, Genton P. Management of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 2013;28(Suppl 1):S81\u20136.","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"602_CR9","unstructured":"Valproate-banned-without-the-pregnancy-prevention-programme. https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/news\/ . Accessed 24 Apr 2018."},{"key":"602_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2014.03.017","volume":"23","author":"S Jayalakshmi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jayalakshmi S, Vooturi S, Bana AK, Sailaja S, Somayajula S, Mohandas S. Factors associated with lack of response to valproic acid monotherapy in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Seizure. 2014;23:527\u201332.","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"602_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2015.11.012","volume":"119","author":"A Chowdhury","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chowdhury A, Brodie MJ. Pharmacological outcomes in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy over a 30\u00a0year period. Epilepsy Res. 2016;119:62\u20136.","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"602_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2016.1179113","volume":"16","author":"MJ Brodie","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brodie MJ. Modern management of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Expert Rev Neurother. 2016;16:681\u20138.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"key":"602_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2016.11.018","volume":"69","author":"JJ Shih","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shih JJ, Whitlock JB, Chimato N, Vargas E, Karceski SC, Frank RD. Epilepsy treatment in adults and adolescents: expert opinion, 2016. Epilepsy Behav. 2017;69:186\u2013222.","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"issue":"Suppl. 4","key":"602_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1989.tb05833.x","volume":"30","author":"JK Penry","year":"1989","unstructured":"Penry JK, Dean JC, Riela AR. Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy: long-term response to therapy. Epilepsia. 1989;30(Suppl. 4):19\u201323.","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"602_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60461-9","volume":"369","author":"AG Marson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Marson AG, Al-Kharusi AM, Alwaidh M, et al. The SANAD study of effectiveness of valproate, lamotrigine, or topiramate for generalised and unclassifiable epilepsy: an unblinded randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2007;369:1016\u201326.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"602_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2007.03.003","volume":"10","author":"PM Levisohn","year":"2007","unstructured":"Levisohn PM, Holland KD. Topiramate or valproate in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy: a randomized open-label comparison. Epilepsy Behav. 2007;10:547\u201352.","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"602_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2012.10.020","volume":"20","author":"KM Park","year":"2013","unstructured":"Park KM, Kim SH, Nho SK, Shin KJ, Park J, Ha SY, Kim SE. A randomized open-label observational study to compare the efficacy and tolerability between topiramate and valproate in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. J Clin Neurosci. 2013;20:1079\u201382.","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"602_CR18","first-page":"708","volume":"152","author":"B Toffol de","year":"1996","unstructured":"de Toffol B, Autret A. Treatment of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy with low-dose sodium valproate. Rev Neurol (Paris). 1996;152:708\u201310.","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"602_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2016.04.047","volume":"61","author":"LE Hern\u00e1ndez-Vanegas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Vanegas LE, Jara-Prado A, Ochoa A, Rodr\u00edguez Y, Rodr\u00edguez N, Dur\u00f3n RM, Crail-Mel\u00e9ndez D, Alonso ME, Delgado-Escueta AV, Mart\u00ednez-Ju\u00e1rez IE. High-dose versus low-dose valproate for the treatment of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy: Going from low to high. Epilepsy Behav. 2016;61:34\u201340.","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"602_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13301","volume":"57","author":"P Gelisse","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gelisse P, Genton P, Crespel A. Is there a difference between various presentations of valproate for cognitive outcome after in utero exposure? Epilepsia. 2016;57:523\u20134.","journal-title":"Epilepsia."},{"key":"602_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1212\/01.CON.0000300023.30532.d3","volume":"15","author":"AG Herzog","year":"2009","unstructured":"Herzog AG. Epilepsy. Contin Lifelong Learn Neurol. 2009;15:37\u201366.","journal-title":"Contin Lifelong Learn Neurol"},{"key":"602_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2011.07.006","volume":"97","author":"X Hu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hu X, Wang J, Dong W, Fang Q, Hu L, Liu C. A meta-analysis of polycystic ovary syndrome in women taking valproate for epilepsy. Epilepsy Res. 2011;97:73\u201382.","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"602_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-1211(96)00031-9","volume":"25","author":"DGA Kasteleijn-Nolst Tr\u00e9nit\u00e9","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kasteleijn-Nolst Tr\u00e9nit\u00e9 DGA, Marescaux C, Stodieck S, Edelbroek PM, Oosting J. Photosensitive epilepsy: a model to study the effects of antiepileptic drugs. Evaluation of the piracetam analogue, levetiracetam. Epilepsy Res. 1996;25:225\u201330.","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"602_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1684\/j.1950-6945.2000.tb00445.x","volume":"2","author":"P Genton","year":"2000","unstructured":"Genton P, G\u00e9lisse P. Antimyoclonic effect of levetiracetam. Epileptic Disord. 2000;2:209\u201312.","journal-title":"Epileptic Disord"},{"key":"602_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000268699.34614.d3","volume":"69","author":"SF Berkovic","year":"2007","unstructured":"Berkovic SF, Knowlton RC, Leroy RF. Placebo-controlled study of levetiracetam in idiopathic generalised epilepsy. Neurology. 2007;69:1751\u201360.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"602_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000297512.18364.40","volume":"70","author":"S Noachter","year":"2008","unstructured":"Noachter S, Andermann E, Meyvisck P. Levetiracetam for the treatment of idiopathic generalised epilepsy with myoclonic seizures. Neurology. 2008;70:607\u201316.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"602_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2009.02.016","volume":"85","author":"WE Rosenfeld","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rosenfeld WE, Benbadis S, Edrich P, Tassinari CA, Hirsch E. Levetiracetam as add-on therapy for idiopathic generalized epilepsy syndromes with onset during adolescence: analysis of two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies. Epilepsy Res. 2009;85:72\u201380.","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"602_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2007.02009.x","volume":"50","author":"A Verrotti","year":"2008","unstructured":"Verrotti A, Cerminara C, Coppola G, Franzoni E, Parisi P, Iannetti P, Aloisi P, Tozzi E, Cusmai R, Vigevano F, Chiarelli F, Curatolo P. Levetiracetam in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy: long-term efficacy in newly diagnosed adolescents. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2008;50:29\u201332.","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"602_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2011.04.004","volume":"20","author":"LJ Stephen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Stephen LJ, Kelly K, Parker P, Brodie MJ. Levetiracetam monotherapy-outcomes from an epilepsy clinic. Seizure. 2011;20:554\u20137.","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"602_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S1059-1311(96)80110-5","volume":"5","author":"N Buchanan","year":"1996","unstructured":"Buchanan N. The use of lamotrigine in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Seizure. 1996;5:149\u201351.","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"602_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-1211(97)00080-6","volume":"29","author":"SJ Wallace","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wallace SJ. Myoclonus and epilepsy in childhood: a review of treatment with valproate, ethosuximide, lamotrigine and zonisamide. Epilepsy Res. 1998;29:147\u201354.","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"602_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2004.04.002","volume":"5","author":"GL Morris","year":"2004","unstructured":"Morris GL, Hammer AE, Kustra RP, Messenheimer JA. Lamotrigine for patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy following prior treatment with valproate: results of an open-label study. Epilepsy Behav. 2004;5:509\u201312.","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"602_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2010.217976","volume":"10","author":"A Nicolson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nicolson A, Marson AG. When the first antiepileptic drug fails in a patient with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Pract Neurol. 2010;10:208\u201318.","journal-title":"Pract Neurol"},{"key":"602_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2010.01472.x","volume":"124","author":"H Bodenstein-Sachar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bodenstein-Sachar H, Gandelman-Marton R, Ben-Zeev B, Chapman J, Blatt I. Outcome of lamotrigine treatment in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Acta Neurol Scand. 2011;124:22\u20137.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"602_CR35","first-page":"75","volume":"75","author":"A Nicolson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nicolson A, Appleton RE, Chadwick DW, Smith DF. The relationship between treatment with valproate, lamotrigine, and topiramate and the prognosis of the idiopathic generalised epilepsies. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004;75:75\u20139.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"602_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2014.09.008","volume":"108","author":"J H\u00f6fler","year":"2014","unstructured":"H\u00f6fler J, Unterberger I, Dobesberger J, Kuchukhidze G, Walser G, Trinka E. Seizure outcome in 175 patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy\u2014a long-term observational study. Epilepsy Res. 2014;108:1817\u201324.","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"602_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1758","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.11.1757","volume":"55","author":"A Biraben","year":"2000","unstructured":"Biraben A, Allain H, Scarabin JM, Sch\u00fcck S, Edan G. Exacerbation of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy with lamotrigine. Neurology. 2000;55:1758.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"602_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000174517.21383.36","volume":"65","author":"A Crespel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Crespel A, Genton P, Berramdane M, Coubes P, Monicard C, Baldy-Moulinier M, Gelisse P. Lamotrigine associated with exacerbation or de novo myoclonus in idiopathic generalized epilepsies. Neurology. 2005;65:762\u20134.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"602_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1080\/17512433.2018.1500895","volume":"11","author":"B B\u0142aszczyk","year":"2018","unstructured":"B\u0142aszczyk B, Miziak B, Czuczwar P, Wierzchowska-Cioch E, Pluta R, Czuczwar SJ. A viewpoint on rational and irrational fixed-drug combinations. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2018;11:761\u201371.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"602_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8864","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)91398-6","volume":"342","author":"DC Reutens","year":"1993","unstructured":"Reutens DC, Duncan JS, Patsalos PN. Disabling tremor after lamotrigine with sodium valproate. The Lancet. 1993;342:8864.","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"602_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2006.01.016","volume":"8","author":"GM Araujo Filho de","year":"2006","unstructured":"de Araujo Filho GM, Pascalicchio TF, Lin K, Sousa PS, Yacubian EM. Neuropsychiatric profiles of patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy treated with valproate or topiramate. Epilepsy Behav. 2006;8:606\u20139.","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"602_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.62.11.1705","volume":"62","author":"V Biton","year":"2005","unstructured":"Biton V, Bourgeois BFD. YTC\/YTCE study investigators: topiramate in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Arch Neurol. 2005;62:170\u20138.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"602_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2005000500001","volume":"63","author":"S Sousa Pda","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sousa Pda S, Ara\u00fajo Filho GM, Garzon E, Sakamoto AC, Yacubian EM. Topiramate for the treatment of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2005;63:733\u20137.","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"key":"602_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1684\/j.1950-6945.2004.tb00075.x","volume":"6","author":"SV Kothare","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kothare SV, Valencia I, Khurana DS, Hardison H, Melvin JJ, Legido A. Efficacy and tolerability of zonisamide in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Epileptic Disord. 2004;6:267\u201370.","journal-title":"Epileptic Disord"},{"key":"602_CR45","first-page":"431","volume":"100","author":"D O\u2019Rourke","year":"2007","unstructured":"O\u2019Rourke D, Flynn C, White M, Doherty C, Delanty N. Potential efficacy of zonisamide in refractory juvenile myoclonic epilepsy: retrospective evidence from an Irish compassionate-use case series. Ir Med J. 2007;100:431\u20133.","journal-title":"Ir Med J"},{"key":"602_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1684\/epd.2009.0239","volume":"11","author":"A Marinas","year":"2009","unstructured":"Marinas A, Villaneuva V, Giraldez BG. Efficacy and tolerability of zonisamide in idiopathic generalized epilepsy. Epileptic Disord. 2009;11:61\u20136.","journal-title":"Epileptic Disord"},{"key":"602_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1989.tb05479.x","volume":"30","author":"T Obeid","year":"1989","unstructured":"Obeid T, Panayiotopoulos CP. Clonazepam in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Epilepsia. 1989;30:603\u20136.","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"602_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2013.800045","volume":"14","author":"P Striano","year":"2013","unstructured":"Striano P, Belcastro V. Treating myoclonic epilepsy in children: state of the art. Exp Opin Pharmacother. 2013;14:1355\u201361.","journal-title":"Exp Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"602_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2005.04105.x","volume":"46","author":"YA Khani","year":"2005","unstructured":"Khani YA, Andermann F, Andermann E. Antimyoclonic efficacy of piracetam in idiopathic generalized epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2005;46:1145\u20136.","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"602_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Villanueva V, Montoya J, Castillo A, Mauri-Llerda J\u00c1, Giner P, L\u00f3pez-Gonz\u00e1lez FJ, Piera A, Villanueva-Hern\u00e1ndez P, Bertol V, Garcia-Escriv\u00e1 A, Garcia-Pe\u00f1as JJ, Garamendi I, Esteve-Belloch P, Baiges-Octavio JJ, Mir\u00f3 J, Falip M, Garc\u00e9s\u00a0M, G\u00f3mez A, Gil-L\u00f3pez FJ, Carre\u00f1o M, Rodriguez-Uranga JJ, Campos D, Bonet M, Querol R, Molins A, Tortosa D, Salas-Puig J. Perampanel in routine clinical use in idiopathic generalized epilepsy: the 12-month GENERAL study. Epilepsia. 2018 (epub ahead of print).","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.14522"},{"key":"602_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2011.12.010","volume":"21","author":"P Afra","year":"2012","unstructured":"Afra P, Adamolekun B. Lacosamide treatment of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Seizure. 2012;21:202\u20134.","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"602_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebcr.2016.09.006","volume":"7","author":"D Birnbaum","year":"2016","unstructured":"Birnbaum D, Koubeissi M. Unmasking of myoclonus by lacosamide in generalized epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav Case Rep. 2016;7:28\u201330.","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav Case Rep"},{"key":"602_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-014-0288-3","volume":"16","author":"CA Johnston","year":"2014","unstructured":"Johnston CA, Crawford PM. Anti-epileptic drugs and hormonal treatments. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2014;16:288.","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Neurol"},{"key":"602_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2010.06.013","volume":"83","author":"ME Gaffield","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gaffield ME, Culwell KR, Lee CR. The use of hormonal contraception among women taking anticonvulsant therapy. Contraception. 2011;83:16\u201329.","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"602_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2015.11.009","volume":"34","author":"NJ Velez-Ruiz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Velez-Ruiz NJ, Pennell PB. Issues for women with epilepsy. Neurol Clin. 2016;34:411\u201325.","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"602_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2014.05.004","volume":"23","author":"A Reimers","year":"2014","unstructured":"Reimers A. New antiepileptic drugs and women. Seizure. 2014;23:585\u201391.","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"602_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000076485.09353.7A","volume":"61","author":"A Sabers","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sabers A, Ohman I, Christensen J, Tomson T. Oral contraceptives reduce lamotrigine plasma levels. Neurology. 2003;61:570\u20131.","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"602_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2006.00558.x","volume":"47","author":"M Contin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Contin M, Albani F, Ambrosetto G, Avoni P, Bisulli F, Riva R, Tinuper P, Baruzzi A. Variation in lamotrigine plasma concentrations with hormonal contraceptive monthly cycles in patients with epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2006;47:1573\u20135.","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"1 epilepsy","key":"602_CR59","first-page":"204","volume":"22","author":"EE Gerard","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gerard EE, Meador KJ. Managing epilepsy in women. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2016;22(1 epilepsy):204\u201326.","journal-title":"Continuum (Minneap Minn)"},{"key":"602_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2005.02539.x","volume":"61","author":"J Sidhu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sidhu J, Job S, Singh S, Philipson R. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic consequences of the co-administration of lamotrigine and a combined oral contraceptive in healthy female subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2006;61:191\u20139.","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"602_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2006.00629.x","volume":"47","author":"CA Galimberti","year":"2006","unstructured":"Galimberti CA, Mazzucchelli I, Jan Arbasino C, Canevini MP, Fattore C, Perucca E. Increased apparent oral clearance of valproic acid during intake of combined contraceptive steroids in women with epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2006;47:1569\u201372.","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"72","key":"602_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000344167.78102.f0","volume":"10","author":"AG Herzog","year":"2009","unstructured":"Herzog AG, Blum AS, Farina EL, Maestri XE, Newman J, Garcia E, Krishnamurthy KB, Hoch DB, Replansky S, Fowler KM, Smithson SD, Dworetzky BA, Bromfield EB. Valproate and lamotrigine level variation with menstrual cycle phase and oral contraceptive use. Neurology. 2009;10(72):911\u20134.","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"602_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13559","volume":"57","author":"AR Davis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Davis AR, Saadatmand HJ, Pack A. Women with epilepsy initiating a progestin IUD: a prospective pilot study of safety and acceptability. Epilepsia. 2016;57:1843\u20138.","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"602_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13734","volume":"58","author":"HB Mandle","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mandle HB, Cahill KE, Fowler KM, Hauser WA, Davis AR, Herzog AG. Reasons for discontinuation of reversible contraceptive methods by women with epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2017;58:907\u201314.","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"602_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003637","volume":"88","author":"AG Herzog","year":"2017","unstructured":"Herzog AG, Mandle HB, Cahill KE, Fowler KM, Hauser WA. Predictors of unintended pregnancy in women with epilepsy. Neurology. 2017;88:728\u201333.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"602_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2016.08.021","volume":"65","author":"AR Espinera","year":"2016","unstructured":"Espinera AR, Gavvala J, Bellinski I, Kennedy J, Macken MP, Narechania A, Templer J, VanHaerents S, Schuele SU, Gerard EE. Counseling by epileptologists affects contraceptive choices of women with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 2016;65:1\u20136.","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"602_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139178020.012","volume-title":"Women with epilepsy: a practical management handbook","author":"EE Gerard","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gerard EE. Preconception counseling for women with epilepsy. In: Bui E, Klein A, editors. Women with epilepsy: a practical management handbook. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2014. p. 141\u201356."},{"key":"602_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harden CL, Pennell PB, Koppel BS, Hovinga CA, Gidal B, Meador KJ, Hopp J, Ting TY, Hauser WA, Thurman D, Kaplan PW, Robinson JN, French JA, Wiebe S, Wilner AN, Vazquez B, Holmes L, Krumholz A, Finnell R, Shafer PO, Le Guen C; American Academy of Neurology; American Epilepsy Society. Practice parameter update: management issues for women with epilepsy-focus on pregnancy (an evidence-based review): vitamin K, folic acid, blood levels, and breastfeeding: report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee and Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and American Epilepsy Society. Neurology. 2009;73:142\u2013149.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181a6b325"},{"key":"602_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.10.017","volume":"78","author":"FJE Vajda","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vajda FJE, O\u2019Brien TJ, Graham JE, Hitchcock AA, Lander CM, Eadie MJ. Predicting epileptic seizure control during pregnancy. Epilepsy Behav. 2018;78:91\u20135.","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"602_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000195888.51845.80","volume":"66","author":"EURAP Study Group","year":"2006","unstructured":"EURAP Study Group. Seizure control and treatment in pregnancy: observations from the EURAP epilepsy pregnancy registry. Neurology. 2006;66:354\u201360.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"602_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e85","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2012.03439.x","volume":"53","author":"SV Thomas","year":"2012","unstructured":"Thomas SV, Syam U, Devi JS. Predictors of seizures during pregnancy in women with epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2012;53:e85\u20138.","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"602_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12302","volume":"54","author":"D Battino","year":"2013","unstructured":"Battino D, Tomson T, Bonizzoni E, Craig J, Lindhout D, Sabers A, Perucca E, Vajda F, EURAP Study Group. Seizure control and treatment changes in pregnancy: observations from the EURAP epilepsy pregnancy registry. Epilepsia. 2013;54:1621\u20137.","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"602_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12711","volume":"55","author":"FJ Vajda","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vajda FJ, O\u2019Brien T, Lander C, Graham J, Eadie M. The efficacy of the newer antiepileptic drugs in controlling seizures in pregnancy. Epilepsia. 2014;55:1229\u201334.","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"602_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.62.8.1304","volume":"62","author":"S Sahoo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sahoo S, Klein P. Maternal complex partial seizure associated with fetal distress. Arch Neurol. 2005;62:1304\u20135.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"602_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199012063232307","volume":"323","author":"MD Pearlman","year":"1990","unstructured":"Pearlman MD, Tintinalli JE, Lorenz RP. Blunt trauma during pregnancy. N Engl J Med. 1990;323:1609\u201313.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"602_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0404.2001.00003.x","volume":"104","author":"P Genton","year":"2001","unstructured":"Genton P, Gelisse Ph. Premature death in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Acta Neurol Scand. 2001;104:125\u20139.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"602_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2012.03689.x","volume":"54","author":"T Tomson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tomson T, Hirsch LJ, Friedman D, Bester N, Hammer A, Irizarry M, Ishihara L, Krishen A, Spaulding T, Wamil A, Leadbetter R. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy in lamotrigine randomized-controlled trials. Epilepsia. 2013;54:135\u201340.","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"602_CR78","first-page":"120","volume":"118","author":"CE Cma","year":"2011","unstructured":"Centre for Maternal and Child Enquiries (CMACE), Cma CE. Saving mother\u2019s lives: the confidential enquiries into maternal deaths in the United Kingdom. BJOG. 2011;118:120\u20132.","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"602_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e72","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12621","volume":"55","author":"S Edey","year":"2014","unstructured":"Edey S, Moran N, Nashef L. SUDEP and epilepsy-related mortality in pregnancy. Epilepsia. 2014;55:e72\u20134.","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"602_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2007.11.015","volume":"17","author":"E Brodtkorb","year":"2008","unstructured":"Brodtkorb E, Reimers A. Seizure control and pharmacokinetics of antiepileptic drugs in pregnant women with epilepsy. Seizure. 2008;17:160\u20135.","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"602_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harden CL, Meador KJ, Pennell PB, Hauser WA, Gronseth GS, French JA, Wiebe S, Thurman D, Koppel BS, Kaplan PW, Robinson JN, Hopp J, Ting TY, Gidal B, Hovinga CA, Wilner AN, Vazquez B, Holmes L, Krumholz A, Finnell R, Hirtz D, Le Guen C; American Academy of Neurology; American Epilepsy Society. Management issues for women with epilepsy-focus on pregnancy (an evidence-based review): II. Teratogenesis and perinatal outcomes: report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee and Therapeutics and Technology Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Epilepsy Society. Epilepsia 2009;50:1237\u201346.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02129.x"},{"key":"602_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01776.x","volume":"50","author":"AA Westin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Westin AA, Nakken KO, Johannessen SI, Reimers A, Lillest\u00f8len KM, Brodtkorb E. Serum concentration\/dose ratio of topiramate during pregnancy. Epilepsia. 2009;50:480.","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"602_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2018.05.002","volume":"144","author":"A Reimers","year":"2018","unstructured":"Reimers A, Helde G, Becser Andersen N, Aurlien D, Surlien Navjord E, Haggag K, Christensen J, Lillest\u00f8len KM, Nakken KO, Brodtkorb E. Zonisamide serum concentrations during pregnancy. Epilepsy Res. 2018;144:25\u20139.","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"602_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.29","volume":"1","author":"AR Polepally","year":"2014","unstructured":"Polepally AR, Pennell PB, Brundage RC, Stowe ZN, Newport DJ, Viguera AC, Ritchie JC, Birnbaum AK. Model-based lamotrigine clearance changes during pregnancy: clinical implication. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2014;1:99\u2013106.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"key":"602_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2130","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000289511.20864.2a","volume":"70","author":"PB Pennell","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pennell PB, Peng L, Newport DJ, Ritchie JC, Koganti A, Holley DK, Newman M, Stowe ZN. Lamotrigine in pregnancy: clearance, therapeutic drug monitoring, and seizure frequency. Neurology. 2008;70:2130\u20136.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"602_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S35","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.61.6_suppl_2.S35","volume":"61","author":"PB Pennell","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pennell PB. Antiepileptic drug pharmacokinetics during pregnancy and lactation. Neurology. 2003;61:S35\u201342.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"602_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2008.04.022","volume":"81","author":"K Meador","year":"2008","unstructured":"Meador K, Reynolds MW, Crean S, Fahrbach K, Probst C. Pregnancy outcomes in women with epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of published pregnancy registries and cohorts. Epilepsy Res. 2008;81:1\u201313.","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"602_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1996","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.624","volume":"305","author":"D M\u00f8lgaard-Nielsen","year":"2011","unstructured":"M\u00f8lgaard-Nielsen D, Hviid A. Newer-generation antiepileptic drugs and the risk of major birth defects. JAMA. 2011;305:1996\u20132002.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"602_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31821ccd18","volume":"76","author":"MC Cunnington","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cunnington MC, Weil JG, Messenheimer JA, Ferber S, Yerby M, Tennis P. Final results from 18\u00a0years of the International Lamotrigine Pregnancy Registry. Neurology. 2011;76:1817\u201323.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"602_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70103-5","volume":"11","author":"T Tomson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tomson T, Battino D. Teratogenic effects of antiepileptic drugs. Lancet Neurol. 2012;11:803\u201313.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"602_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez-D\u00edaz S, Smith CR, Shen A, Mittendorf R, Hauser WA, Yerby M, Holmes LB; North American AED Pregnancy Registry; North American AED Pregnancy Registry. Comparative safety of antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy. Neurology 2012;78:1692\u20139.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182574f39"},{"key":"602_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-013-7239-x","volume":"261","author":"G Veiby","year":"2014","unstructured":"Veiby G, Daltveit AK, Engelsen BA, Gilhus NE. Fetal growth restriction and birth defects with newer and older antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy. J Neurol. 2014;261:579\u201388.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"602_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306318","volume":"85","author":"E Campbell","year":"2014","unstructured":"Campbell E, Kennedy F, Russell A, Smithson WH, Parsons L, Morrison PJ, Liggan B, Irwin B, Delanty N, Hunt SJ, Craig J, Morrow J. Malformation risks of antiepileptic drug monotherapies in pregnancy: updated results from the UK and Ireland Epilepsy and Pregnancy Registers. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2014;85:1029\u201334.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"602_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12280","volume":"130","author":"E Vajda","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vajda E, O\u2019Brien TJ, Lander CM, Graham J, Eadie MJ. The teratogenicity of the newer antiepileptic drugs\u2014an update. Acta Neurol Scand. 2014;130:234\u20138.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"602_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tomson T, Battino D, Bonizzoni E, Craig J, Lindhout D, Perucca E, Sabers A, Thomas SV, Vajda F; EURAP Study Group. Comparative risk of major congenital malformations with eight different antiepileptic drugs: a prospective cohort study of the EURAP registry. Lancet Neurol. 2018;17:530\u20138.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30107-8"},{"key":"602_CR96","first-page":"827","volume-title":"Antiepileptic drugs","author":"P Genton","year":"2002","unstructured":"Genton P, Gelisse Ph. Valproic acid: adverse effects. In: Levy RH, Mattson RH, Meldrum BS, Perucca E, editors. Antiepileptic drugs. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2002. p. 827\u201351.","edition":"5"},{"key":"602_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1994.tb11858.x","volume":"36","author":"AL Christianson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Christianson AL, Chesler N, Kromberg JG. Fetal valproate syndrome: clinical and neuro-developmental features in two sibling pairs. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1994;36:361\u20139.","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"602_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1997.tb07500.x","volume":"39","author":"PG Williams","year":"1997","unstructured":"Williams PG, Hersh JH. A male with fetal valproate syndrome and autism. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1997;39:632\u20134.","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"602_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2001.tb00188.x","volume":"43","author":"G Williams","year":"2001","unstructured":"Williams G, King J, Cunningham M, Stephan M, Kerr B, Hersh JH. Fetal valproate syndrome and autism: additional evidence of an association. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2001;43:202\u20136.","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"602_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70107-7","volume":"10","author":"T Tomson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tomson T, Battino D, Bonizzoni E, Craig J, Lindhout D, Sabers A, Perucca E, Vajda F, EURAP Study Group. Dose-dependent risk of malformations with antiepileptic drugs: an analysis of data from the EURAP epilepsy and pregnancy registry. Lancet Neurol. 2011;10:609\u201317.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"602_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morris JK, Garne E, Loane M, Addor MC, Barisic I, Bianchi F, Gatt M, Lanzoni M, Lynch C, Mokoroa O, Nelen V, Neville A, O\u2019Mahony MT, Randrianaivo-Ranjatoelina H, Rissmann A, Tucker D, de Walle HEK, Zymak-Zakutnia N, Rankin J. Prevalence of valproate syndrome in Europe from 2005 to 2014: a registry based multi-centre study. Eur J Med Genet. 2018.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmg.2018.05.008"},{"key":"602_CR102","first-page":"CD010224","volume":"11","author":"J Weston","year":"2016","unstructured":"Weston J, Bromley R, Jackson CF, Adab N, Clayton-Smith J, Greenhalgh J, Hounsome J, McKay AJ, Tudur Smith C, Marson AG. Monotherapy treatment of epilepsy in pregnancy: congenital malformation outcomes in the child. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;11:CD010224.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"602_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.10.017","volume":"78","author":"FJE Vajda","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vajda FJE, O\u2019Brien TJ, Graham JE, Hitchcock AA, Lander CM, Eadie MJ. Predicting epileptic seizure control during pregnancy. Epilepsy Behav. 2018;78:91\u20135.","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"602_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001772","volume":"85","author":"T Tomson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tomson T, Battino D, Bonizzoni E, Craig J, Lindhout D, Perucca E, Sabers A, Thomas SV, Vajda F, EURAP Study Group. Dose-dependent teratogenicity of valproate in mono- and polytherapy: an observational study. Neurology. 2015;85:866\u201372.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"602_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keni RR, Jose M, Sarma PS, Thomas SV; Kerala Registry of Epilepsy and Pregnancy Study Group. Teratogenicity of antiepileptic dual therapy: dose-dependent, drug-specific, or both? Neurology 2018;90:e790\u2013e796.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005031"},{"key":"602_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bromley R, Weston J, Adab N, Greenhalgh J, Sanniti A, McKay AJ, Tudur Smith C, Marson AG. Treatment for epilepsy in pregnancy: neurodevelopmental outcomes in the child. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014;(10):CD010236.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010236.pub2"},{"key":"602_CR107","volume-title":"Assessment of children","author":"J Sattler","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sattler J. Assessment of children. 3rd ed. SanDiego: Jerome M. Sattler Pub., Inc; 1992.","edition":"3"},{"key":"602_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617710001359","volume":"17","author":"C Nadebaum","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nadebaum C, Anderson V, Vajda F, Reutens D, Barton S, Wood A. The Australian brain and cognition and antiepileptic drugs study: IQ in school-aged children exposed to sodium valproate and polytherapy. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2011;17:133\u201342.","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"key":"602_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meador KJ, Baker GA, Browning N, Clayton-Smith J, Combs-Cantrell DT, Cohen M, Kalayjian LA, Kanner A, Liporace JD, Pennell PB, Privitera M, Loring DW; NEAD Study Group. Cognitive function at 3\u00a0years of age after fetal exposure to antiepileptic drugs. N Engl J Med 2009;360:1597\u2013605.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0803531"},{"key":"602_CR110","unstructured":"Meador KJ, Baker GA, Browning N, Cohen MJ, Bromley RL, Clayton-Smith J, Kalayjian LA, Kanner A, Liporace JD, Pennell PB, Privitera M, Loring DW; NEAD Study Group. Effects of fetal antiepileptic drug exposure: outcomes at age 4.5\u00a0years. Neurology 2012;78:1207\u201314."},{"key":"602_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meador KJ, Baker GA, Browning N, Cohen MJ, Bromley RL, Clayton-Smith J, Kalayjian LA, Kanner A, Liporace JD, Pennell PB, Privitera M, Loring DW; NEAD Study Group. Fetal antiepileptic drug exposure and cognitive outcomes at age 6\u00a0years (NEAD study): a prospective observational study. Lancet Neurol 2013;12:244\u201352.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70323-X"},{"key":"602_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen MJ, Meador KJ, Browning N, May R, Baker GA, Clayton-Smith J, Kalayjian LA, Kanner A, Liporace JD, Pennell PB, Privitera M, Loring DW; NEAD study group. Fetal antiepileptic drug exposure: Adaptive and emotional\/behavioral functioning at age 6\u00a0years. Epilepsy Behav 2013;29:308\u201315.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2013.08.001"},{"key":"602_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bromley RL, Mawer G, Love J, Kelly J, Purdy L, McEwan L, Briggs M, Clayton-Smith J, Shi X, Baker GA; Liverpool and Manchester Neurodevelopment Group (LMNDG). Early cognitive development in children born to women with epilepsy: a prospective report. Epilepsia 2010;51:2058\u201365.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02668.x"},{"key":"602_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bromley RL, Mawer GE, Briggs M, Cheyne C, Clayton-Smith J, Garc\u00eda-Fi\u00f1ana M, Kneen R, Lucas SB, Shallcross R, Baker GA; Liverpool and Manchester Neurodevelopment Group. The prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders in children prenatally exposed to antiepileptic drugs. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2013;84:637\u201343.","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304270"},{"key":"602_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31820d62c7","volume":"76","author":"C Nadebaum","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nadebaum C, Anderson VA, Vajda F, Reutens DC, Barton S, Wood AG. Language skills of school-aged children prenatally exposed to antiepileptic drugs. Neurology. 2011;76:719\u201326.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"602_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/87565641.2011.589483","volume":"37","author":"C Nadebaum","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nadebaum C, Anderson V, Vajda F, Reutens D, Wood A. Neuro-behavioral consequences of prenatal antiepileptic drug exposure. Dev Neuropsychol. 2012;37:1\u201329.","journal-title":"Dev Neuropsychol"},{"key":"602_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baker GA, Bromley RL, Briggs M, Cheyne CP, Cohen MJ, Garc\u00eda-Fi\u00f1ana M, Gummery A, Kneen R, Loring DW, Mawer G, Meador KJ, Shallcross R, Clayton-Smith J; Liverpool and Manchester Neurodevelopment Group. IQ at 6\u00a0years after in utero exposure to antiepileptic drugs: a controlled cohort study. Neurology 2015;84:382\u201390.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001182"},{"key":"602_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shallcross R, Bromley RL, Irwin B, Bonnett LJ, Morrow J, Baker GA; Liverpool Manchester Neurodevelopment Group; UK Epilepsy and Pregnancy Register. Child development following in utero exposure: levetiracetam vs sodium valproate. Neurology 2011;76:383\u201389.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182088297"},{"key":"602_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shallcross R, Bromley RL, Cheyne CP, Garc\u00eda-Fi\u00f1ana M, Irwin B, Morrow J, Baker GA; Liverpool and Manchester Neurodevelopment Group; UK Epilepsy and Pregnancy Register. In utero exposure to levetiracetam vs valproate: development and language at 3\u00a0years of age. Neurology 2014;82:213\u201321.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000030"},{"key":"602_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bromley RL, Calderbank R, Cheyne CP, Rooney C, Trayner P, Clayton-Smith J,Garc\u00eda-Fi\u00f1ana M, Irwin B, Morrow JI, Shallcross R, Baker GA; UK Epilepsy and Pregnancy Register. Cognition in school-age children exposed to levetiracetam, topiramate, or sodium valproate. Neurology 2016;87:1943\u201353.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003157"},{"key":"602_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2005.01.006","volume":"193","author":"D Manthey","year":"2005","unstructured":"Manthey D, Asimiadou S, Stefovska V, Kaindl AM, Fassbender J, Ikonomidou C, Bittigau P. Sulthiame but not levetiracetam exerts neurotoxic effect in the developing rat brain. Exp Neurol. 2005;193:497\u2013503.","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"602_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.107.126250","volume":"323","author":"J Kim","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kim J, Kondratyev A, Gale K. Antiepileptic drug-induced neuronal cell death in the immature brain: effects of carbamazepine, topiramate, and levetiracetam as monotherapy versus polytherapy. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2007;323:165\u201373.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"602_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2012.05.038","volume":"34","author":"T Rihtman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rihtman T, Parush S, Ornoy A. Preliminary findings of the developmental effects of in utero exposure to topiramate. Reprod Toxicol. 2012;34:308\u201311.","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"602_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bromley RL, Mawer G, Clayton-Smith J, Baker GA; Liverpool and Manchester Neurodevelopment Group. Autism spectrum disorders following in utero exposure to antiepileptic drugs. Neurology 2008;71:1923\u20134.","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000339399.64213.1a"},{"key":"602_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.2270","volume":"309","author":"J Christensen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Christensen J, Gr\u00f8nborg TK, S\u00f8rensen MJ, Schendel D, Parner ET, Pedersen LH, Vestergaard M. Prenatal valproate exposure and risk of autism spectrum disorders and childhood autism. JAMA. 2013;309:1696\u2013703.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"602_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13007","volume":"56","author":"AG Wood","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wood AG, Nadebaum C, Anderson V, Reutens D, Barton S, O\u2019Brien TJ, Vajda F. Prospective assessment of autism traits in children exposed to antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy. Epilepsia. 2015;56:1047\u201355.","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"602_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2015.02.018","volume":"28","author":"I Borthen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Borthen I. Obstetrical complications in women with epilepsy. Seizure. 2015;28:32\u20134.","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"602_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2000.tb11089.x","volume":"107","author":"CL Hvas","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hvas CL, Henriksen TB, Ostergaard JR, Dam M. Epilepsy and pregnancy: effect of antiepileptic drugs and lifestyle on birthweight. BJOG. 2000;107:896\u2013902.","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"602_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2006.00386.x","volume":"47","author":"K Viinikainen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Viinikainen K, Heinonen S, Eriksson K. Kalviainen R Community-based, prospective, controlled study of obstetric and neonatal outcome of 179 pregnancies in women with epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2006;47:186\u201392.","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"602_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez-D\u00edaz S, McElrath TF, Pennell PB, Hauser WA, Yerby M, Holmes LB; North American Antiepileptic Drug Pregnancy Registry. Fetal growth and premature delivery in pregnant women on antiepileptic drugs. Ann Neurol 2017;82:457\u2013465.","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25031"},{"key":"602_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181c3f27d","volume":"73","author":"VM Kelly","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kelly VM, Nelson LM, Chakravarty EF. Obstetric outcomes in women with multiple sclerosis and epilepsy. Neurology. 2009;73:1831\u20136.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"602_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2130","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02147.x","volume":"50","author":"G Veiby","year":"2009","unstructured":"Veiby G, Daltveit AK, Engelsen BA, Gilhus NE. Pregnancy, delivery, and outcome for the child in maternal epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2009;50:2130\u20139.","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"602_CR133","first-page":"979","volume":"66","author":"YH Chen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chen YH, Chiou HY, Lin HC, Lin HL. Affect of seizures during gestation on pregnancy outcomes in women with epilepsy. Arch Neurol. 2009;66:979\u201384.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"602_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2015.02.013","volume":"28","author":"G Veiby","year":"2015","unstructured":"Veiby G, Bj\u00f8rk M, Engelsen BA, Gilhus NE. Epilepsy and recommendations for breastfeeding. Seizure. 2015;28:57\u201365.","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"602_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meador KJ, Baker GA, Browning N, Cohen MJ, Bromley RL, Clayton-Smith J, Kalayjian LA, Kanner A, Liporace JD, Pennell PB, Privitera M, Loring DW; Neurodevelopmental Effects of Antiepileptic Drugs (NEAD) Study Group. Breastfeeding in children of women taking antiepileptic drugs: cognitive outcomes at age 6\u00a0years. JAMA Pediatr 2014;168:729\u201336.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2014.118"},{"key":"602_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.4290","volume":"70","author":"G Veiby","year":"2013","unstructured":"Veiby G, Engelsen BA, Gilhus NE. Early child development and exposure to antiepileptic drugs prenatally and through breastfeeding: a prospective cohort study on children of women with epilepsy. JAMA Neurol. 2013;70:1367\u201374.","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"602_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1988.tb03718.x","volume":"29","author":"T Obeid","year":"1988","unstructured":"Obeid T, Panayiotopoulos CP. Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy: a study in Saudi Arabia. Epilepsia. 1988;29:280\u20132.","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"602_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peljto AL, Barker-Cummings C, Vasoli VM, Leibson CL, Hauser WA, Buchhalter JR, Ottman R. Familial risk of epilepsy: a population-based study. Brain. 2014;137:795\u2013805.","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt368"},{"key":"602_CR139","unstructured":"https:\/\/ghr.nlm.nih.gov\/condition\/juvenile-myoclonic-epilepsy#genes . Accessed 8 Feb 2019."},{"key":"602_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tomson T, Battino D, Bonizzoni E, Craig J, Lindhout D, Perucca E, Sabers A, Thomas SV, Vajda F; EURAP Study Group. Withdrawal of valproic acid treatment during pregnancy and seizure outcome: Observations from EURAP. Epilepsia 2016;57:e173\u20137.","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13437"},{"key":"602_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.13005","volume":"139","author":"FJE Vajda","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vajda FJE, O\u2019Brien TJ, Graham JE, Hitchcock AA, Lander CM, Eadie MJ. Valproate-associated foetal malformations-rates of occurrence, risks in attempted avoidance. Acta Neurol Scand. 2019;139:42\u20138.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"602_CR142","first-page":"389","volume-title":"Antiepileptic drugs","author":"LJ Stephen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Stephen LJ, Brodie MJ. Lamotrigine: clinical efficacy and use in epilepsy. In: Levy RH, Mattson RH, Meldrum BS, Perucca E, editors. Antiepileptic drugs. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2002. p. 389\u2013402.","edition":"5"},{"issue":"4 Suppl 5","key":"602_CR143","first-page":"17","volume":"42","author":"C Wegner","year":"1992","unstructured":"Wegner C, Nau H. Alteration of embryonic folate metabolism by valproic acid during organogenesis: implications for mechanism of teratogenesis. Neurology. 1992;42(4 Suppl 5):17\u201324.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"602_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22229","volume":"69","author":"M Linnebank","year":"2011","unstructured":"Linnebank M, Moskau S, Semmler A, Widman G, Stoffel-Wagner B, Weller M, Elger CE. Antiepileptic drugs interact with folate and vitamin B12 serum levels. Ann Neurol. 2011;69:352\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"602_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i110","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyq028","volume":"39","author":"H Blencowe","year":"2010","unstructured":"Blencowe H, Cousens S, Modell B, Lawn J. Folic acid to reduce neonatal mortality from neural tube disorders. Int J Epidemiol. 2010;39(Suppl 1):i110\u201321.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"602_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-008-0029-1","volume":"255","author":"S Pittschieler","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pittschieler S, Brezinka C, Jahn B, Trinka E, Unterberger I, Dobesberger J, Walser G, Auckenthaler A, Embacher N, Bauer G, Luef G. Spontaneous abortion and the prophylactic effect of folic acid supplementation in epileptic women undergoing antiepileptic therapy. J Neurol. 2008;255:1926\u201331.","journal-title":"J Neurol."}],"container-title":["CNS Drugs"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40263-018-00602-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40263-018-00602-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40263-018-00602-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,14]],"date-time":"2024-07-14T18:16:08Z","timestamp":1720980968000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40263-018-00602-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,11]]},"references-count":146,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}},"alternative-id":["602"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40263-018-00602-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1172-7047","1179-1934"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1172-7047","type":"print"},{"value":"1179-1934","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 February 2019","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"No sources of funding were used to prepare this manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Funding"}},{"value":"Dr. Serafini has no conflicts of interest related to this article. Pr. Gerard has received speaker honoraria from UCB-China. She served as site principal investigator (PI) for industry-sponsored research (SAGE pharmaceuticals, Sunovion). She also serves as site PI for the MONEAD trial (U01NS038455). Dr. Genton has received speaker honoraria from Sanofi-Aventis, UCB, and Eisai. Dr. Crespel has received support from pharmaceutical companies for teaching programs (Sanofi-Aventis, UCB). Dr. Crespel served as a board member for Eisai-France. Dr. Gelisse has received support from pharmaceutical companies for teaching programs (Sanofi-Aventis, UCB, Psicofarma). He received a research grant from the French League Against Epilepsy and the Janssen-Cilag company. He was a paid consultant for Eisai-France in 2011.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}