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The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NIHR, NHS or the UK Department of Health and Social\u00a0Care. S.C. is also supported by NIHR grants NIHR203684, NIHR203035, NIHR130077, NIHR128472, RP-PG-0618-20003 and by grant 101095568-HORIZONHLTH- 2022-DISEASE-07-03 from the European Research Executive Agency. S.C. has declared reimbursement for travel and accommodation expenses from the Association for Child and Adolescent Central Health (ACAMH) in relation to lectures delivered for ACAMH, the Canadian AADHD Alliance Resource, the British Association of Psychopharmacology, and from Healthcare Convention for educational activity on ADHD, and has received honoraria from Medice. S.C. is an Editorial Board member of CNS Drugs. S.C. was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions. The other authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of Interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Publish"}},{"value":"Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Availability of Data and Material"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Code Availability"}},{"value":"The authors contributed equally to the drafting of the review text. The primary literature search and article screening was conducted by F.B. and M.V. S.R. and M.V. conducted the Naranjo assessment with mediation provided by F.B. All authors read and approved the final manuscript and agree to be accountable for the work presented.","order":9,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Authors Contributions"}}]}}