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R.S. has received research grants from the Osake-no-Kagaku Foundation and speaker honoraria from Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., and Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. outside the submitted work. R.S. also reports employment at CureApp Inc., which has developed software as a medical device for AUD. In addition, RS holds pending patents: JP2022049590 A, US20220084673 A1, JP2022178215 A, JP2022070086, and JP2023074128 A. N.H. has received honoraria for speaking at educational events sponsored by Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Viatris, and Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Y.F. has received consultancy fees from Panasonic and lecture fees from Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., outside the submitted work. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}},{"value":"No funding.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Funding"}},{"value":"Data supporting the findings of this study are available at Open Science Framework (). Further data are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request (kottanketty@gmail.com).","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Data Availability"}},{"value":"Systematic reviews and dose-response meta-analyses do not require ethical approval because they use publicly accessible documents as evidence.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval"}},{"value":"Systematic reviews and dose-response meta-analyses use publicly accessible documents as evidence; therefore, there is no need to seek consent to participate.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Systematic reviews and dose-response meta-analyses use publicly accessible documents as evidence; therefore, there consent for publication is not required.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Publish"}},{"value":"This codec is available in the Open Science Framework (). Additional data are available from the corresponding author upon request (kottanketty@gmail.com).","order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Code Availability"}},{"value":"Conception and design of the study: K.K. Acquisition and analysis of data: K.K., E.I., T.K., and Y.F. Drafting the manuscript or figures: K.K. Critical revision of the manuscript: R.S., N.H., M.B., and Y.F. Supervision: R.S., M.B. and Y.F. All the authors have read and approved the final manuscript and agree to be accountable for the work.","order":9,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Author Contributions"}}]}}