{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T14:16:05Z","timestamp":1789049765898,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Cingulate Therapeutics"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CNS Drugs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-026-01319-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T09:58:50Z","timestamp":1785232730000},"page":"1409-1419","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Bioavailability of Trimodal (CTx-1301) Versus Bimodal Dexmethylphenidate Modified-Release Formulations in Adults with Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized, Single-Dose, Crossover Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct04138498","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3388-5636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arthur B.","family":"Straughn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raul","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6097-362X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J.","family":"Cattaneo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3484-1636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly","family":"Koehn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7926-6113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Brams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"1319_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2018.11.001","volume":"56","author":"JJS Kooij","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kooij JJS, Bijlenga D, Salerno L, et al. Updated European consensus statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD. Eur Psychiatry. 2019;56:14\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2018.11.001.","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"1319_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425787","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition, text revision (DSM-5-TR\u00ae)","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2022","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition, text revision (DSM-5-TR\u00ae). American Psychiatric Association publishing; 2022."},{"issue":"4","key":"1319_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-2528","volume":"144","author":"ML Wolraich","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wolraich ML, Hagan JF, Allan C, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2019;144(4):e20192528. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2019-2528.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"1319_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2024.2335625","volume":"53","author":"ML Danielson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Danielson ML, Claussen AH, Bitsko RH, et al. ADHD prevalence among U.S. children and adolescents in 2022: diagnosis, severity, co-occurring disorders, and treatment. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2022;53(3):343\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15374416.2024.2335625.","journal-title":"J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol"},{"key":"1319_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.11.04009","volume":"11","author":"P Song","year":"2021","unstructured":"Song P, Zha M, Yang Q, et al. The prevalence of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a global systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glob Health. 2021;11:04009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7189\/jogh.11.04009.","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"issue":"40","key":"1319_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7340a1","volume":"73","author":"BS Staley","year":"2024","unstructured":"Staley BS, Robinson LR, Claussen AH, et al. Attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder diagnosis, treatment, and telehealth use in adults\u2014National Center for Health Statistics Rapid Surveys System, United States, October\u2013November 2023. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2024;73(40):890\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm7340a1.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"1319_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1177\/10870547231155438","volume":"27","author":"S Wanni Arachchige Dona","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wanni Arachchige Dona S, Badloe N, Sciberras E, et al. The impact of childhood attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on children\u2019s health-related quality of life: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Atten Disord. 2023;27(6):598\u2013611. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10870547231155438.","journal-title":"J Atten Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"1319_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.05.023","volume":"64","author":"A Bellato","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bellato A, Perrott NJ, Marzulli L, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis: effects of pharmacological treatment for attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder on quality of life. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2025;64(3):346\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.05.023.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1319_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmqr.2023.100223","volume":"3","author":"CM Ginapp","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ginapp CM, Greenberg NR, Macdonald-Gagnon G, et al. The experiences of adults with ADHD in interpersonal relationships and online communities: a qualitative study. SSM Qual Res Health. 2023;3:100223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ssmqr.2023.100223.","journal-title":"SSM Qual Res Health."},{"issue":"4","key":"1319_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1007\/S40273-020-00998-0","volume":"39","author":"A Chhibber","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chhibber A, Watanabe AH, Chaisai C, et al. Global economic burden of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review. Pharmacoeconomics. 2021;39(4):399\u2013420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S40273-020-00998-0.","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"issue":"9","key":"1319_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2082","DOI":"10.1007\/S11606-023-08075-W","volume":"38","author":"B Witrick","year":"2015","unstructured":"Witrick B, Zhang D, Su D, et al. Medical expenditures associated with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder among adults in the United States by age, 2015-2019. J Gen Intern Med. 2015;38(9):2082\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S11606-023-08075-W.","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"1319_CR12","unstructured":"IQVIA Government Solutions, Inc. Stimulant Prescription Trends in the United States From 2012\u20132023. Drug Enforcement Administration; 2024. https:\/\/www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov\/pubs\/docs\/IQVIA-Report-on-Stimulant-Trends-2024.pdf. Accessed 6 May 2026."},{"issue":"11","key":"1319_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1080\/17425255.2019.1675636","volume":"15","author":"AC Childress","year":"2019","unstructured":"Childress AC, Komolova M, Sallee FR. An update on the pharmacokinetic considerations in the treatment of ADHD with long-acting methylphenidate and amphetamine formulations. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2019;15(11):937\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17425255.2019.1675636.","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1319_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.2147\/NEDT.2006.2.4.467","volume":"2","author":"F Liu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Liu F, Minami H, Silva RR. Dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2006;2(4):467. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/NEDT.2006.2.4.467.","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"issue":"18","key":"1319_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2547","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.7.18.2547","volume":"7","author":"S Kowalik","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kowalik S, Minami H, Silva R. Dexmethylphenidate extended-release capsules for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2006;7(18):2547\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1517\/14656566.7.18.2547.","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"issue":"12","key":"1319_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.5414\/CPP45662","volume":"45","author":"D Tuerck","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tuerck D, Wang Y, Maboudian M, et al. Similar bioavailability of dexmethylphenidate extended (bimodal) release, dexmethylphenidate immediate release and racemic methylphenidate extended (bimodal) release formulations in man. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2007;45(12):662\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5414\/CPP45662.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"1319_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-13-237","author":"D Coghill","year":"2013","unstructured":"Coghill D, Banaschewski T, Zuddas A, et al. Long-acting methylphenidate formulations in the treatment of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review of head-to-head studies. BMC Psychiatry. 2013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-244X-13-237.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"1319_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.2024.2370230","volume":"136","author":"GW Mattingly","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mattingly GW, Carbray JA, Roy P, et al. Are all ADHD medications created equal? Exploring the differences that enable evening dosing. Postgrad Med. 2024;136(5):475\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00325481.2024.2370230.","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1319_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/PCC.18m02397","volume":"21","author":"TE Brown","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brown TE, Romero B, Sarocco P, et al. The patient perspective: unmet treatment needs in adults with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 2019;21(3):18m02397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4088\/PCC.18m02397.","journal-title":"Prim Care Companion CNS Disord"},{"key":"1319_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S311836","volume":"15","author":"MJ Cambron-Mellott","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cambron-Mellott MJ, Mikl J, Matos JE, et al. Adult patient preferences for long-acting ADHD treatments: a discrete choice experiment. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2021;15:1061\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/PPA.S311836.","journal-title":"Patient Prefer Adherence"},{"issue":"1","key":"1319_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-024-06446-z","volume":"25","author":"JL Young","year":"2025","unstructured":"Young JL, Powell RN, Powell A, et al. Extended-release amphetamine (Dyanavel XR) is associated with reduced immediate-release supplementation in adults with ADHD, regardless of baseline patient variables: a retrospective cohort analysis of medical treatment records. BMC Psychiatry. 2025;25(1):12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-024-06446-z.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"1319_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S65721","volume":"10","author":"K Gajria","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gajria K, Lu M, Sikirica V, et al. Adherence, persistence, and medication discontinuation in patients with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder - a systematic literature review. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2014;10:1543\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/NDT.S65721.","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"1319_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1612785","volume":"16","author":"J Forrest","year":"2025","unstructured":"Forrest J, Chen W, Jagadheesan K. Misuse and diversion of stimulant medications prescribed for the treatment of ADHD: a systematic review. Front Psychiatry. 2025;16:1612785. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1612785.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"1319_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12081004","volume":"12","author":"J Sadek","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sadek J. Malingering and stimulant medications abuse, misuse and diversion. Brain Sci. 2022;12(8):1004. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci12081004.","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"1319_CR25","unstructured":"Childress A, Brams M, Cattaneo M, et al. A phase 3, dose-optimized, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, single-center, parallel efficacy and safety laboratory classroom study in adults with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using CTx-1301 (dexmethylphenidate). In: Poster Presented at: Psych Congress. 2023."},{"key":"1319_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Childress AC, Brams M, Cattaneo M, et al. Efficacy and safety of CTx-1301 in pediatric subjects with ADHD: Results from a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. In: Presented at: American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Annual Meeting. 2025.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.09.009"},{"key":"1319_CR27","unstructured":"Abele S, Silva R, Brams M, et al. Development and in vivo pharmacoscintigraphic evaluation of a novel triple-release dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride tablet for improved once daily dosing. In: Poster Session Presented at: American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS) Annual Meeting. 2017."},{"key":"1319_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brams M, Silva R, Straughn A, et al. Comparative bioavailability and safety of a novel trimodal dexmethylphenidate tablet in ADHD patients. In: Poster Presented at: American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP) Annual Meeting. 2020.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.08.067"},{"issue":"2","key":"1319_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1071\/CH9490149","volume":"2","author":"EJ Williams","year":"1949","unstructured":"Williams EJ. Experimental designs balanced for the estimation of residual effects of treatments. Aust J Sci Res A Phys Sci. 1949;2(2):149\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/CH9490149.","journal-title":"Aust J Sci Res A Phys Sci"},{"key":"1319_CR30","unstructured":"CADDRA - Canadian ADHD Resource Alliance. Canadian ADHD Practice Guidelines, 4.1 Edition, Toronto ON; CADDRA, 2020. https:\/\/www.caddra.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/Canadian-ADHD-Practice-Guidelines-4.1-January-6-2021.pdf. Accessed 10 Apr 2026."},{"key":"1319_CR31","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Diagnosis and management. In: NICE guideline [NG87]. NICE. 2018. www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng87. Accessed 10 Apr 2026."},{"issue":"11","key":"1319_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1176\/APPI.AJP.160.11.1909","volume":"160","author":"ND Volkow","year":"2003","unstructured":"Volkow ND, Swanson JM. Variables that affect the clinical use and abuse of methylphenidate in the treatment of ADHD. Am J Psychiatry. 2003;160(11):1909\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/APPI.AJP.160.11.1909.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1319_CR33","unstructured":"FOCALIN XR (Dexmethylphenidate Hydrochloride) Extended-Release CII for Oral Use. Prescribing Information. Novartis.; 2017. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2017\/021802s033lbl.pdf. Accessed 10 Apr 2026."},{"issue":"7","key":"1319_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.2019.1647080","volume":"131","author":"LA Adler","year":"2019","unstructured":"Adler LA, Farahbakhshian S, Romero B, et al. Healthcare provider perspectives on diagnosing and treating adults with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder. Postgrad Med. 2019;131(7):461\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00325481.2019.1647080.","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"issue":"7\u20139","key":"1319_CR35","first-page":"32","volume":"19","author":"MD Po","year":"2022","unstructured":"Po MD, Gomeni R, Incledon B. Quantitative characterization of the smoothness of extended-release methylphenidate pharmacokinetic profiles. Innov Clin Neurosci. 2022;19(7\u20139):32\u20137.","journal-title":"Innov Clin Neurosci."},{"issue":"7","key":"1319_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2019.0905","volume":"173","author":"C Ching","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ching C, Eslick GD, Poulton AS. Evaluation of methylphenidate safety and maximum-dose titration rationale in attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr. 2019;173(7):630\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2019.0905.","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"1319_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e259492","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.9492","volume":"8","author":"HNP Oliva","year":"2025","unstructured":"Oliva HNP, Prudente TP, Mayerson TF, et al. Safety of stimulants across patient populations: a meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2025;8(5):e259492. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.9492.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"1319_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2025.2441","volume":"68","author":"F Mestres","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mestres F, Richarte V, Cresp\u00edn JJ, et al. Sex differences in adults with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: a population-based study. Eur Psychiatry. 2025;68(1):e90. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2025.2441.","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"1319_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-024-01492-6","volume":"26","author":"DE Babinski","year":"2024","unstructured":"Babinski DE. Sex differences in ADHD: review and priorities for future research. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2024;26(4):151\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11920-024-01492-6.","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"1319_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2025.0666","volume":"82","author":"A Bellato","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bellato A, Radu\u00e0 J, Stocker A, et al. Reporting and representation of race and ethnicity in clinical trials of pharmacotherapy for mental disorders: a meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiat. 2025;82(7):663\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2025.0666.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiat"},{"issue":"7","key":"1319_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2023.09.544","volume":"63","author":"A Riccioni","year":"2024","unstructured":"Riccioni A, Radua J, Ashaye FO, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis: reporting and representation of race\/ethnicity in 310 randomized controlled trials of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder medications. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2024;63(7):698\u2013707. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2023.09.544.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["CNS Drugs"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40263-026-01319-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40263-026-01319-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40263-026-01319-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T13:59:51Z","timestamp":1789048791000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40263-026-01319-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["1319"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40263-026-01319-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1172-7047","1179-1934"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1172-7047","type":"print"},{"value":"1179-1934","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A.B.S. is a co-founder, consultant, and shareholder of Cingulate Therapeutics; R.S., M.J.C., K.K., and M.B. are employed by and are shareholders in Cingulate Therapeutics.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by an institutional review board and was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, ICH-GCP and GLP guidelines, and applicable regulatory requirements.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All participants provided written informed consent before initiating any study-specific procedures.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Participant-level, de-identified clinical data and data dictionary pertaining to this study may be shared with other researchers with publication. Emails can be sent to\n                      medicalaffairs@cingulate.com\n                      for details regarding data availability, instructions for requesting information, and sharing agreements. Data will be shared only after approval of proposal.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","label":"Availability of data and material","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","label":"Code availability","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors contributed to the conception and design of the work and\/or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of the data; were involved in critically reviewing and revising manuscript drafts; approved the final version of the manuscript; and agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","label":"Author contributions","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}