{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:47:51Z","timestamp":1791920871151,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,28]],"date-time":"2017-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485561600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Drug Saf"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-017-0505-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,28]],"date-time":"2017-01-28T02:15:13Z","timestamp":1485569713000},"page":"273-283","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis for HIV Prevention: Safety Concerns"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Raymond A.","family":"Tetteh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara A.","family":"Yankey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edmund T.","family":"Nartey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Lartey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hubert G. M.","family":"Leufkens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander N. O.","family":"Dodoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"505_CR1","unstructured":"UNAIDS. 2015 facts sheet. Geneva: WHO; 2016. http:\/\/www.unaids.org\/sites\/default\/files\/media_asset\/20150901_FactSheet_2015_en.pdf . Accessed 3 June 2016."},{"issue":"9","key":"505_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.89.9.1397","volume":"89","author":"LS Weinhardt","year":"1999","unstructured":"Weinhardt LS, Carey MP, Johnson BT, Bickham NL. Effects of HIV counseling and testing on sexual risk behavior: a meta-analytic review of published research, 1985\u20131997. Am J Public Health. 1999;89(9):1397\u2013405.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"505_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000157389.78374.45","volume":"40","author":"J Castilla","year":"2005","unstructured":"Castilla J, Del Romero J, Hernando V, et al. Effectiveness of highly active antiretroviral therapy in reducing heterosexual transmission of HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2005;40(1):96\u2013101.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"9915","key":"505_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60137-9","volume":"383","author":"T Kirby","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kirby T, Thornber-Dunwell M. Uptake of PrEP for HIV slow among MSM. Lancet. 2014;383(9915):399\u2013400.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"23","key":"505_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1506273","volume":"373","author":"JM Molina","year":"2015","unstructured":"Molina JM, Capitant C, Spire B, et al. On-demand preexposure prophylaxis in men at high risk for HIV-1 infection. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(23):2237\u201346.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9839","key":"505_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61235-5","volume":"380","author":"D Holmes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Holmes D. FDA paves the way for pre-exposure HIV prophylaxis. Lancet. 2012;380(9839):325.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"505_CR7","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration. FDA approves first drug for reducing the risk of sexually acquired HIV infection. Silver Spring, Maryland: US Food and Drug Administration. 2012."},{"key":"505_CR8","unstructured":"Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. Preexposure prophylaxis for the prevention of HIV infection in the United States. Atlanta, Georgia: Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. 2014."},{"key":"505_CR9","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Guideline on when to start antiretroviral therapy and on pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015. ISBN: 9789241509565. http:\/\/www.who.int\/hiv\/pub\/guidelines\/earlyrelease-arv\/en\/ . Accessed 6 June 2016."},{"issue":"1","key":"505_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181e8efe4","volume":"55","author":"K Underhill","year":"2010","unstructured":"Underhill K, Operario D, Skeer M, et al. Packaging PrEP to prevent HIV: an integrated framework to plan for pre-exposure prophylaxis implementation in clinical practice. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010;55(1):8.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"7","key":"505_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e40603","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040603","volume":"7","author":"EA Arnold","year":"2012","unstructured":"Arnold EA, Hazelton P, Lane T, et al. A qualitative study of provider thoughts on implementing pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in clinical settings to prevent HIV infection. PLoS One. 2012;7(7):e40603.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"11","key":"505_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2013.0044","volume":"29","author":"NA Louissaint","year":"2013","unstructured":"Louissaint NA, Cao Y-J, Skipper PL, et al. Single dose pharmacokinetics of oral tenofovir in plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, colonic tissue, and vaginal tissue. AIDS Res Hum Retrovir. 2013;29(11):1443\u201350.","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retrovir"},{"issue":"2","key":"505_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq447","volume":"66","author":"PL Anderson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Anderson PL, Kiser JJ, Gardner EM, et al. Pharmacological considerations for tenofovir and emtricitabine to prevent HIV infection. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011;66(2):240\u201350.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"5","key":"505_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1108524","volume":"367","author":"JM Baeten","year":"2012","unstructured":"Baeten JM, Donnell D, Ndase P, et al. Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV prevention in heterosexual men and women. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(5):399\u2013410.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"505_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e74314","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0074314","volume":"8","author":"FM Kibengo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kibengo FM, Ruzagira E, Katende D, et al. Safety, adherence and acceptability of intermittent tenofovir\/emtricitabine as HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among HIV-uninfected Ugandan volunteers living in HIV-serodiscordant relationships: a randomized, clinical trial. PLoS One. 2013;8(9):e74314.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"27","key":"505_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2587","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1011205","volume":"363","author":"RM Grant","year":"2010","unstructured":"Grant RM, Lama JR, Anderson PL, et al. Preexposure chemoprophylaxis for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(27):2587\u201399.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"505_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1110711","volume":"367","author":"MC Thigpen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Thigpen MC, Kebaabetswe PM, Paxton LA, et al. Antiretroviral preexposure prophylaxis for heterosexual HIV transmission in Botswana. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(5):423\u201334.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"505_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP2311","volume":"18","author":"DC Sokal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sokal DC, Karim QA, Sibeko S, et al. Safety of tenofovir gel, a vaginal microbicide, in South African women: results of the CAPRISA 004 trial. Antivir Ther. 2013;18(3):301\u201310.","journal-title":"Antivir Ther."},{"issue":"31","key":"505_CR19","first-page":"586","volume":"61","author":"DK Smith","year":"2012","unstructured":"Smith DK, Thigpen MC, Nesheim SR, et al. Interim guidance for clinicians considering the use of preexposure prophylaxis for the prevention of HIV infection in heterosexually active adults. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2012;61(31):586\u20139.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"505_CR20","first-page":"65","volume":"60","author":"D Smith","year":"2011","unstructured":"Smith D, Grant R, Weidle P, et al. Interim guidance: preexposure prophylaxis for the prevention of HIV infection in men who have sex with men. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011;60(3):65\u20138.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"505_CR21","unstructured":"CDC. Control CfD, prevention. Preexposure prophylaxis for the prevention of HIV infection in the United States\u20132014: a clinical practice guideline. Atlanta (GA): CDC; 2014."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"505_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S107","DOI":"10.1086\/425272","volume":"191","author":"CL Celum","year":"2005","unstructured":"Celum CL, Robinson NJ, Cohen MS. Potential effect of HIV type 1 antiretroviral and herpes simplex virus type 2 antiviral therapy on transmission and acquisition of HIV type 1 infection. J Infect Dis. 2005;191(Suppl. 1):S107\u201314.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"505_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e454","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030454","volume":"3","author":"I Derdelinckx","year":"2006","unstructured":"Derdelinckx I, Wainberg MA, Lange JM, et al. Criteria for drugs used in pre-exposure prophylaxis trials against HIV infection. PLoS Med. 2006;3(11):e454.","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"505_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.7.863","volume":"296","author":"AY Liu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Liu AY, Grant RM, Buchbinder SP. Preexposure prophylaxis for HIV: unproven promise and potential pitfalls. JAMA. 2006;296(7):863\u20135.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"21","key":"505_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199711203372101","volume":"337","author":"DM Cardo","year":"1997","unstructured":"Cardo DM, Culver DH, Ciesielski CA, et al. A case-control study of HIV seroconversion in health care workers after percutaneous exposure. N Engl J Med. 1997;337(21):1485\u201390.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"505_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe1207438","volume":"367","author":"MS Cohen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cohen MS, Baden LR. Preexposure prophylaxis for HIV: where do we go from here? N Engl J Med. 2012;367(5):459\u201361.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"505_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1402269","volume":"372","author":"JM Marrazzo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Marrazzo JM, Ramjee G, Richardson BA, et al. Tenofovir-based preexposure prophylaxis for HIV infection among African women. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(6):509\u201318.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"505_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1202614","volume":"367","author":"L Damme Van","year":"2012","unstructured":"Van Damme L, Corneli A, Ahmed K, et al. Preexposure prophylaxis for HIV infection among African women. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(5):411\u201322.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10013","key":"505_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00056-2","volume":"387","author":"S McCormack","year":"2016","unstructured":"McCormack S, Dunn DT, Desai M, et al. Pre-exposure prophylaxis to prevent the acquisition of HIV-1 infection (PROUD): effectiveness results from the pilot phase of a pragmatic open-label randomised trial. Lancet. 2016;387(10013):53\u201360.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9883","key":"505_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61127-7","volume":"381","author":"K Choopanya","year":"2013","unstructured":"Choopanya K, Martin M, Suntharasamai P, et al. Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV infection in injecting drug users in Bangkok, Thailand (the Bangkok Tenofovir Study): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2013;381(9883):2083\u201390.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"505_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31828ece33","volume":"64","author":"LA Grohskopf","year":"2013","unstructured":"Grohskopf LA, Chillag KL, Gvetadze R, et al. Randomized trial of clinical safety of daily oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate among HIV-uninfected men who have sex with men in the United States. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2013;64(1):79\u201386.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"6","key":"505_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1086\/597095","volume":"48","author":"AD Paltiel","year":"2009","unstructured":"Paltiel AD, Freedberg KA, Scott CA, et al. HIV preexposure prophylaxis in the United States: impact on lifetime infection risk, clinical outcomes, and cost-effectiveness. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48(6):806\u201315.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"505_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F13","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283522272","volume":"26","author":"A Straten Van der","year":"2012","unstructured":"Van der Straten A, Van Damme L, Haberer JE, Bangsberg DR. Unraveling the divergent results of pre-exposure prophylaxis trials for HIV prevention. AIDS. 2012;26(7):F13\u20139.","journal-title":"AIDS."},{"issue":"9","key":"505_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2011.554528","volume":"23","author":"RA Brooks","year":"2011","unstructured":"Brooks RA, Kaplan RL, Lieber E, et al. Motivators, concerns, and barriers to adoption of preexposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention among gay and bisexual men in HIV-serodiscordant male relationships. AIDS Care. 2011;23(9):1136\u201345.","journal-title":"AIDS Care."},{"issue":"11","key":"505_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-016-0460-7","volume":"39","author":"RA Tetteh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tetteh RA, Nartey ET, Lartey M, et al. Association between the occurrence of adverse drug events and modification of first-line highly active antiretroviral therapy in Ghanaian HIV patients. Drug Saf. 2016;39(11):1139\u201349.","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"issue":"31","key":"505_CR36","first-page":"586","volume":"61","author":"DK Smith","year":"2012","unstructured":"Smith DK, Thigpen MC, Nesheim SR, et al. Interim guidance for clinicians considering the use of preexposure prophylaxis for the prevention of HIV infection in heterosexually active adults. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2012;61(31):586\u20139.","journal-title":"Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"505_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.2016.1128412","volume":"15","author":"KK Mugwanya","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mugwanya KK, Baeten JM. Safety of oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-based pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention. Exp Opin Drug Saf. 2016;15(2):265\u201373.","journal-title":"Exp Opin Drug Saf."},{"key":"505_CR38","unstructured":"Grant RM, van Griensven F. The ADAPT Study: A Phase II, Randomised, Open-Label, Pharmacokinetic and Behavioural Study of the Use of Intermittent Oral Emtricitabine\/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP). United States: DAIDS. 2011."},{"issue":"6","key":"505_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.08.033","volume":"61","author":"ML Chang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chang ML, Liaw YF. Hepatitis B flares in chronic hepatitis B: pathogenesis, natural course, and management. J Hepatol. 2014;61(6):1407\u201317.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"505_CR40","unstructured":"Knox D, Tan D, Harrigan R, Anderson P, editors. HIV-1 infection with multiclass resistance despite pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). CROI Conference: Boston (MA); 22\u201325 Feb 2016."},{"issue":"1","key":"505_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31818d5a27","volume":"50","author":"MJ Mimiaga","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mimiaga MJ, Case P, Johnson CV, et al. Preexposure antiretroviral prophylaxis attitudes in high-risk Boston area men who report having sex with men: limited knowledge and experience but potential for increased utilization after education. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009;50(1):77\u201383.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"3","key":"505_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001613","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001613","volume":"11","author":"A Liu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liu A, Cohen S, Follansbee S, Cohan D, et al. Early experiences implementing pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention in San Francisco. PLoS Med. 2014;11(3):e1001613.","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"505_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hosek S, Siberry G, Bell M, et al. Project PrEPare (ATN082): the acceptability and feasibility of an HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) trial with young men who have sex with men (YMSM). J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2013;62(4). doi: 10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3182801081 .","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3182801081"},{"issue":"6","key":"505_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-012-0317-8","volume":"17","author":"EM Elst Van der","year":"2013","unstructured":"Van der Elst EM, Mbogua J, Operario D, et al. High acceptability of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis but challenges in adherence and use: qualitative insights from a phase I trial of intermittent and daily PrEP in at-risk populations in Kenya. AIDS Behav. 2013;17(6):2162\u201372.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"505_CR45","unstructured":"Bekker J, Hughes J, Amico R, et al. HPTN 067\/ADAPT Cape Town: a comparison of daily and nondaily PrEP dosing in African women. CROI 2015. Seattle (WA): The HIV Prevention Trials Network; 2015."},{"issue":"1","key":"505_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000220","volume":"11","author":"JE Haberrer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Haberrer JE. Current concepts for PrEP adherence in the PrEP revolution: from clinical trials to routine practice. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2016;11(1):10\u20137.","journal-title":"Curr Opin HIV AIDS."},{"issue":"11","key":"505_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001018","volume":"30","author":"L Ryom","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ryom L, Lundgren JD, De Wit S, et al. Use of antiretroviral therapy and risk of end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma in HIV-positive persons. AIDS. 2016;30(11):1731\u201343.","journal-title":"AIDS."},{"issue":"12","key":"505_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e81997","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0081997","volume":"8","author":"JL Marcus","year":"2013","unstructured":"Marcus JL, Glidden DV, Mayer KH, et al. No evidence of sexual risk compensation in the iPrEx trial of daily oral HIV preexposure prophylaxis. PLoS One. 2013;8(12):e81997.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"12","key":"505_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181812939","volume":"35","author":"G Guest","year":"2008","unstructured":"Guest G, Shattuck D, Johnson L, et al. Changes in sexual risk behavior among participants in a PrEP HIV prevention trial. Sex Transm Dis. 2008;35(12):1002\u20138.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"505_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2011.0283","volume":"26","author":"RA Brooks","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brooks RA, Landovitz RJ, Kaplan RL, et al. Sexual risk behaviors and acceptability of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among HIV-negative gay and bisexual men in serodiscordant relationships: a mixed methods study. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2012;26(2):87\u201394.","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDS."},{"issue":"1","key":"505_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31818d5a27","volume":"50","author":"MJ Mimiaga","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mimiaga MJ, Case P, Johnson CV, et al. Preexposure antiretroviral prophylaxis attitudes in high-risk Boston area men who report having sex with men: limited knowledge and experience but potential for increased utilization after education. J Acquir Immun Defic Syndr. 2009;50(1):77\u201383.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immun Defic Syndr."},{"issue":"5","key":"505_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pctr.0020027","volume":"2","author":"L Peterson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Peterson L, Taylor D, Roddy R, et al. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for prevention of HIV infection in women: a phase 2, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. PLoS Clin Trials. 2007;2(5):e27.","journal-title":"PLoS Clin Trials."}],"container-title":["Drug Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40264-017-0505-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40264-017-0505-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40264-017-0505-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]],"date-time":"2022-07-22T23:14:58Z","timestamp":1658531698000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40264-017-0505-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,28]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]}},"alternative-id":["505"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40264-017-0505-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0114-5916","1179-1942"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0114-5916","type":"print"},{"value":"1179-1942","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,28]]}}}