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Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by AKC, KP, MCD, JFC, and CE. The first draft of the manuscript was written by AKC and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Authors\u2019 Contributions"}},{"value":"AKC, MCD, JFC, JDS are employees of Optum and may own stock in UnitedHealth Group. KP and CE were employees of Optum. SEC, BHM, and MCS are employees of and may own stock\/stock options in AbbVie, Inc.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by the New England Institutional Review Board (IRB # 120180021) and all data access conformed to applicable Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act policies.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval"}},{"value":"A waiver of consent was obtained for this study because the research involved no more than minimal risk to the subjects; the waiver or alteration would not adversely affect the rights and welfare of the subjects; the research could not practicably be conducted without the waiver or alteration. 45 CFR 46.116(d).","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Publish"}},{"value":"The dataset analyzed during the current study is not publicly available but is available (with the exception of the adjudication results) from Optum through a data license agreement. More information can be found at the following website: .","order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Data Availability"}},{"value":"Programming code is unavailable.","order":9,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Code Availability"}}]}}