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The funders had no role in the design of the study, the collection, analysis and interpretation of the data, or in writing the manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Funding"}},{"value":"Daniel Fern\u00e1ndez-Llaneza is a former employee of AstraZeneca and terminated his contract in February 2023. In the last 3 years, Dr. T.vG. has received lecture fees and consulting fees from Roche Diagnostics, Thermo Fisher, Vitaeris, Otsuka, CSL Behring, Astellas and Aurinia Pharma. In all cases money has been transferred to hospital accounts, and none has been paid to his personal bank accounts. Dr. T.vG. does not have employment or stock ownership at any of these companies, and neither does he have patents or patent applications. Dr. S.L.K-G. receives grant funding from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases R01DK121730 and U01DK130010, the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health U54AT008909 and the Jewish Healthcare Foundation. All other authors declared no competing interests for this work.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Some of the data supporting the findings of this study are not publicly available. Access to EV data is restricted based on conditions for access specified in EMA\u2019s access policy (). Micromedex<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> and Informatorium Medicamentorum data was accessed through the hospital\u2019s licence. All publications, DAEN and CVAR SRS databases data and SIDER and FK data are freely and publicly accessible.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Availability of data and material"}},{"value":"This study is part of a larger project called LEveraging real-world dAta to optimize PharmacotheRapy outcomes in multimOrbid patients by using machine learning and knowledGe representation methods (LEAPfROG project).The LEAPfROG project was exempted from requiring ethics approval (waiver W22_340 # 22.412) on September 2022, 22 by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, as it did not fall within the scope of the Dutch Medical Research Involving Human Subjects Act. The anonymised ICSR data elements of DAEN and CVAR are available as an online open source. In order to get an extended subset of ICSR data elements from EV (level 2A), a research request and a signed copy of a confidentiality undertaking were submitted to the EMA. These were then presented to the EV research committee, which granted access to the data. This does not affect the rights to publish the results.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Code is available upon reasonable request to the authors.","order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Code availability"}},{"value":"Daniel Fern\u00e1ndez-Llaneza: Conceptualisation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Data Curation; Writing\u2014original draft, Visualisation; Romy M. P Vos: Conceptualisation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Data Curation; Writing\u2014original draft, Visualisation; Joris E. Lieverse: Conceptualisation, Methodology, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Data Curation; Writing \u2013 original draft, Visualisation; Helen R. Gosselt, Sandra L. Kane-Gill, Teun van Gelder: Methodology; Validation; Writing\u2014review and editing; Joanna E. Klopotowska: Conceptualisation; Data Curation; Formal Analysis; Funding Acquisition; Methodology; Project Administration; Validation; Writing\u2014review and editing. All authors and LEAPfROG consortium members gave final approval of the submitted version.","order":9,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Author contributions (CRediT taxonomy)"}}]}}