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FO, JN and SSY have no conflicts of interest to declare with regards to this work. JH was a co-investigator for a Health Research Council grant that explored prevalence of use of TCAM and conventional medicines in New Zealand. In the last 3 years, JB has received: royalties from Elsevier and SpringerNature in respect of authorship of reference texts on herbal medicines; travel expenses and\/or conference expenses from United States Pharmacopeia, UK Drug Safety Research Unit, University of Mississippi, Southern Cross University, International Society of Pharmacovigilance, and South African Botanical Products Association in respect of invited meetings\/conference presentations; non-financial support (clinical trial supplies) from Achieve Life Sciences and NZVAPOR (both 2022\u201324) as a co-investigator. JB is an Editorial Board member of\n                      Drug Safety\n                      . JB was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"The datasets generated during and\/or analysed during the current study are not publicly available as the researchers do not have the permissions from the participants or from a research ethics committee to share the data.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Availability of Data and Material"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Code Availability"}},{"value":"The questionnaire testing study was approved by the Auckland Health Research Ethics Committee on 23\/09\/2021 for three years. Reference Number AH2323.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval"}},{"value":"Informed\u00a0consent\u00a0was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"All authors contributed to the idea for the article. ELL drafted the article, and JB and JH critically revised the work. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.","order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Author Contributions"}}]}}