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Epidemiology. 2018;29(5):e45\u20137.","journal-title":"Epidemiology"}],"container-title":["Drug Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40264-026-01728-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40264-026-01728-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40264-026-01728-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T05:32:34Z","timestamp":1789709554000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40264-026-01728-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"references-count":9,"alternative-id":["1728"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40264-026-01728-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0114-5916","1179-1942"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0114-5916","type":"print"},{"value":"1179-1942","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 June 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"John Diaz-Decaro is the founder and principal of Black Swan Causal Labs, LLC, an independent research and consulting practice in artificial intelligence and real-world evidence. He declares no financial or nonfinancial interests that could be perceived to have influenced the work reported in this letter. The Springer Nature competing interests policy has been reviewed and fully considered.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of Interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethics committee review was not required. This letter is a methodological commentary on previously published, aggregate summary estimates; it involved no human participants, no animal subjects, and no identifiable individual-level data. This work was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (1964) and its subsequent amendments.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable. No human participants were enrolled or contacted in the preparation of this letter.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to Participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable. No individual participant data, images, or identifiable details are reported.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for Publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study. The\n                      E\n                      -value computations reported here are fully reproducible from the summary estimates published in the source article [\n                      \n                      ].","order":5,"name":"Ethics","label":"Availability of Data and Material","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The R code used to compute the\n                      E\n                      -values reported here is available from the author on request.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","label":"Code Availability","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"John Diaz-Decaro is the sole author. He conceived the letter, performed the\n                      E\n                      -value computations, and drafted and revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final version.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","label":"Author Contributions","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Generative AI tools were used to clarify the language of an author-prepared first draft and for copy-editing. AI was not used to generate scientific content, perform computations, or interpret results. The author takes full responsibility for the manuscript.","order":8,"name":"Ethics","label":"AI Use","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}