{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T16:15:23Z","timestamp":1790612123477,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":135,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,25]],"date-time":"2016-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1469404800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funded by the institutions of the authors"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Drugs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-016-0613-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,25]],"date-time":"2016-07-25T03:50:07Z","timestamp":1469418607000},"page":"1175-1190","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Unmet Needs in LDL-C Lowering: When Statins Won\u2019t Do!"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Stephan","family":"Kr\u00e4henb\u00fchl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Pavik-Mezzour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnold","family":"von Eckardstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"613_CR1","unstructured":"European Cardiovascular Disease Statistics 2012 edition. http:\/\/www.escardio.org\/The-ESC\/Initiatives\/EuroHeart\/2012-European-Cardiovascular-Disease-Statistics . Last accessed Jan 2016."},{"key":"613_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr158","volume":"32","author":"Z Reiner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Reiner Z, Catapano AL, De Backer G, et al. ESC\/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidemias: the Task Force for the management of dyslipidemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS). Eur Heart J. 2011;32:1769\u2013818.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"613_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61350-5","volume":"376","author":"Cholesterol Treatment Trialists\u2019 (CTT) Collaboration","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cholesterol Treatment Trialists\u2019 (CTT) Collaboration. Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170000 participants in 26 randomised trials. Lancet. 2010;376:1670\u201381.","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"613_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60367-5","volume":"380","author":"Cholesterol Treatment Trialists\u2019 (CTT) Collaboration","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cholesterol Treatment Trialists\u2019 (CTT) Collaboration. The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with statin therapy in people at low risk of vascular disease: meta-analysis of individual data from 27 randomised trials. Lancet. 2012;380:581\u201390.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"613_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61368-4","volume":"385","author":"Cholesterol Treatment Trialists\u2019 (CTT) Collaboration","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cholesterol Treatment Trialists\u2019 (CTT) Collaboration. Efficacy and safety of LDL-lowering therapy among men and women: meta-analysis of individual data from 174,000 participants in 27 randomised trials. Lancet. 2015;385:1397\u2013405.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"613_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"b2376","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2376","volume":"338","author":"JJ Brugts","year":"2009","unstructured":"Brugts JJ, Yetgin T, Hoeks SE, et al. The benefits of statins in people without established cardiovascular disease but with cardiovascular risk factors: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 2009;338:b2376.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"613_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.08.039","volume":"52","author":"EJ Mills","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mills EJ, Rachlis B, Wu P, et al. Primary prevention of cardiovascular mortality and events with statin treatments. A network meta-analysis involving more than 65,000 patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;52:1769\u201381.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"613_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2008.552","volume":"169","author":"V Shalev","year":"2009","unstructured":"Shalev V, Chodick G, Silber H, et al. Continuation of statin treatment and all-cause mortality: a population-based cohort study. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169:260\u20138.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"613_CR9","first-page":"CD004816","volume":"1","author":"F Taylor","year":"2013","unstructured":"Taylor F, Huffman MD, Macedo AF, et al. Statins for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;1:CD004816.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"key":"613_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2008.11.012","volume":"30","author":"G Chodick","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chodick G, Shalev V, Gerber Y, et al. Long-term persistence with statin treatment in a not-for-profit health maintenance organization: a population-based retrospective cohort study in Israel. Clin Ther. 2008;30:2167\u201379.","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"613_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.07.020","volume":"54","author":"MT Cooney","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cooney MT, Dudina AL, Graham IM. Value and limitations of existing scores for the assessment of cardiovascular risk. A review for clinicians. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;54:1209\u201327.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"613_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.852756","volume":"122","author":"MT Cooney","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cooney MT, Dudina A, d\u2019Agostino R, Graham IM. Cardiovascular risk estimation systems in primary prevention Do they differ? Do they make a difference? Can we see the future? Circulation. 2010;122:300\u201310.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"613_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S49","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000437741.48606.98","volume":"129","author":"DC Goff Jr","year":"2014","unstructured":"Goff DC Jr, Lloyd-Jones DM, Bennett G, et al. 2013 ACC\/AHA guideline on the assessment of cardiovascular risk. A report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines. Circulation. 2014;129:S49\u201373.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"613_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-668X(03)00114-3","volume":"24","author":"R Conroy","year":"2003","unstructured":"Conroy R, Pyorala K, Fitzgerald AP, et al. Estimation of ten-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease in Europe: the SCORE project. Eur Heart J. 2003;24:987\u20131003.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"613_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.699579","volume":"117","author":"RB D\u2019Agostino Sr","year":"2008","unstructured":"D\u2019Agostino RB Sr, Vasan RS, Pencina MJ, et al. General cardiovascular risk profile for use in primary care: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2008;117:743\u201353.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"613_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.2632","volume":"311","author":"M Kavousi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kavousi M, Leening MJ, Nanchen D, et al. Comparison of application of the ACC\/AHA guidelines, Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines, and European Society of Cardiology guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention in a European cohort. JAMA. 2014;311:1416\u201323.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"613_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2014040400","volume":"26","author":"LD Colantonio","year":"2015","unstructured":"Colantonio LD, Baber U, Banach M, et al. Contrasting cholesterol management guidelines for adults with CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015;26:1173\u201380.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"613_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.13.1681","volume":"289","author":"PD Thompson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Thompson PD, Clarkson P, Karas RH. Statin-associated myopathy. JAMA. 2003;289:1681\u201390.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"613_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.297.2.177","volume":"297","author":"JN Rasmussen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rasmussen JN, Chong A, Alter DA. Relationship between adherence to evidence-based pharmacotherapy and long-term mortality after acute myocardial infarction. JAMA. 2007;297:177\u201386.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"613_CR20","first-page":"3","volume":"3","author":"MH Bouchard","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bouchard MH, Dragomir A, Blais L, et al. Impact of adherence to statins on coronary artery disease in primary prevention. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2007;3:3.","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"613_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.17.1842","volume":"166","author":"PM Ho","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ho PM, Spertus JA, Masoudi FA, et al. Impact of medication therapy discontinuation on mortality after myocardial infarction. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166:1842\u20137.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"613_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.18.1458","volume":"279","author":"J Avorn","year":"1998","unstructured":"Avorn J, Monette J, Lacour A, et al. Persistence of use of lipid-lowering medications: a cross-national study. JAMA. 1998;279:1458\u201362.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"613_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.4.455","volume":"288","author":"JS Benner","year":"2002","unstructured":"Benner JS, Glynn RJ, Mogun H, et al. Long-term persistence in use of statin therapy in elderly patients. JAMA. 2002;288:455\u201361.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"613_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1P150","volume":"44","author":"DM Mann","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mann DM, Woodard M, Muntner P, et al. Predictors of non-adherence to statins: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Pharmacother. 2010;44:1410\u201321.","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"613_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1291\/hypres.31.1765","volume":"31","author":"A Zeller","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zeller A, Taegtmeyer A, Martina B, et al. Physicians\u2019 ability to predict patients\u2019 adherence to antihypertensive medication in primary care. Hypertens Res. 2008;31:1765\u201371.","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"key":"613_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.7812\/TPP\/09-090","volume":"14","author":"V Fung","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fung V, Sinclair F, Wang H, et al. Patients\u2019 perspectives on nonadherence to statin therapy: a focus-group study. Perm J. 2010;14:4\u201310.","journal-title":"Perm J"},{"key":"613_CR27","first-page":"805","volume":"6","author":"M Casula","year":"2012","unstructured":"Casula M, Tragni E, Catapano AL. Adherence to lipid-lowering treatment: the patient perspective. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2012;6:805\u201314.","journal-title":"Patient Prefer Adherence"},{"key":"613_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2015.49807","volume":"11","author":"M Banach","year":"2015","unstructured":"Banach M, Rizzo M, Toth PP, et al. Statin intolerance\u2014an attempt at a unified definition. Position paper from an International Lipid Expert Panel. Arch Med Sci. 2015;11:1\u201323.","journal-title":"Arch Med Sci"},{"key":"613_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e282","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.122135","volume":"126","author":"RV Shah","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shah RV, Goldfine AB. Statins and risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus. Circulation. 2012;126:e282\u20134.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"613_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.08.047","volume":"237","author":"J Skoumas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Skoumas J, Liontou C, Chrysohoou C, et al. Statin therapy and risk of diabetes in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia or familial combined hyperlipidemia. Atherosclerosis. 2014;237:140\u20135.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"613_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2014.02.012","volume":"8","author":"KC Maki","year":"2014","unstructured":"Maki KC, Ridker PM, Brown WV, The Diabetes Subpanel of the National Lipid Association Expert Panel, et al. An assessment by the Statin Diabetes Safety Task Force: 2014 update. J Clin Lipidol. 2014;8:S17\u201329.","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol."},{"key":"613_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2014.11.006","volume":"9","author":"R Thapa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Thapa R, Sharma S, Jeevanantham V, et al. Disparities in lipid control and statin drug use among diabetics with noncoronary atherosclerotic vascular disease versus those with coronary artery disease. J Clin Lipidol. 2015;9:241\u20136.","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"key":"613_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2015.05.011","volume":"116","author":"SA Spinler","year":"2015","unstructured":"Spinler SA, Cziraky MJ, Willey VJ, et al. Frequency of attainment of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol goals in cardiovascular clinical practice (from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry PINNACLE Registry). Am J Cardiol. 2015;116:547\u201353.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"36","key":"613_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv043","volume":"1","author":"ES Stroes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stroes ES, Thompson PD, Corsini A, European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel, et al. Statin-associated muscle symptoms: impact on statin therapy\u2014European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel statement on assessment, aetiology and management. Eur Heart J. 2015;1(36):1012\u201322.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"613_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2014.03.004","volume":"8","author":"RS Rosenson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rosenson RS, Baker SK, Jacobson TA, et al. An assessment by the statin muscle safety task force: 2014 update. J Clin Lipidol. 2014;8:S58\u201371.","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"key":"613_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2014.05.009","volume":"24","author":"Z Reiner","year":"2014","unstructured":"Reiner Z. Resistance and intolerance to statins. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2014;24:1057\u201366.","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"613_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2013.09.023","volume":"29","author":"GB Mancini","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mancini GB, Tashakkor AY, Baker S, et al. Diagnosis, prevention, and management of statin adverse effects and intolerance: Canadian Working Group Consensus update. Can J Cardiol. 2013;29:1553\u201368.","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"613_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(11)60897-5","volume":"83","author":"TA Jacobson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jacobson TA. Toward \u201cpain-free\u201d statin prescribing: clinical algorithm for diagnosis and management of myalgia. Mayo Clin Proc. 2008;83:687\u2013700.","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"613_CR39","unstructured":"Cho L. Management of statin intolerant high risk patient: what are the current options. Presentation at the annual meeting of the European Society of Cardiology; 29 August\u201302 September 2015, London, UK."},{"key":"613_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/s10557-005-5686-z","volume":"19","author":"E Bruckert","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bruckert E, Hayem G, Dejager S, et al. Mild to moderate muscular symptoms with high-dosage statin therapy in hyperlipidemic patients\u2014the PRIMO study. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2005;19:403\u201314.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Drugs Ther"},{"key":"613_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2007.08.022","volume":"29","author":"GA Nichols","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nichols GA, Koro CE. Does statin therapy initiation increase the risk for myopathy? An observational study of 32,225 diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Clin Ther. 2007;29:1761\u201370.","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"613_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2011.08.007","volume":"125","author":"C Buettner","year":"2012","unstructured":"Buettner C, Rippberger MJ, Smith JK, et al. Statin use and musculoskeletal pain among adults with and without arthritis. Am J Med. 2012;125:176\u201382.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"613_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2012.03.003","volume":"6","author":"JD Cohen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cohen JD, Brinton EA, Ito MK, Jacobson TA. Understanding statin use in America and gaps in patient education (USAGE): an internet-based survey of 10,138 current and former statin users. J Clin Lipidol. 2012;6:208\u201315.","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"key":"613_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-158-7-201304020-00004","volume":"158","author":"H Zhang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhang H, Plutzky J, Skentzos S, et al. Discontinuation of statins in routine care settings: a cohort study. Ann Int Med. 2013;158:526\u201334.","journal-title":"Ann Int Med"},{"key":"613_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.22205","volume":"44","author":"K El-Salem","year":"2011","unstructured":"El-Salem K, Ababeneh B, Rudnicki S, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of muscle complications secondary to statins. Muscle Nerve. 2011;44:877\u201381.","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"613_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.136101","volume":"127","author":"BA Parker","year":"2013","unstructured":"Parker BA, Capizzi JA, Grimaldi AS, et al. Effect of statins on skeletal muscle function. Circulation. 2013;127:96\u2013103.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"613_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.5.553","volume":"163","author":"CM Ballantyne","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ballantyne CM, Corsini A, Davidson MH, et al. Risk for myopathy with statin therapy in high-risk patients. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163:553\u201364.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"613_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2585","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.292.21.2585","volume":"292","author":"DJ Graham","year":"2004","unstructured":"Graham DJ, Staffa JA, Shatin D, et al. Incidence of hospitalized rhabdomyolysis in patients treated with lipid-lowering drugs. JAMA. 2004;292:2585\u201390.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"613_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1D498","volume":"38","author":"L Roten","year":"2004","unstructured":"Roten L, Schoenenberger RA, Kr\u00e4henb\u00fchl S, Schlienger RG. Rhabdomyolysis in association with simvastatin and amiodarone. Ann Pharmacother. 2004;38:978\u201381.","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"613_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.2165\/0129784-200808060-00004","volume":"8","author":"BA Golomb","year":"2008","unstructured":"Golomb BA, Evans MA. Statin adverse effects: a review of the literature and evidence for a mitochondrial mechanism. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. 2008;8:373\u2013418.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiovasc Drugs"},{"key":"613_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2007.02.008","volume":"29","author":"M Silva","year":"2007","unstructured":"Silva M, Matthews ML, Jarvis C, et al. Meta-analysis of drug-induced adverse events associated with intensive-dose statin therapy. Clin Ther. 2007;29:253\u201360.","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"613_CR52","unstructured":"Dale KM, Coleman CI, Henyan NN, et al. Does more aggressive statin therapy increase muscle and liver risk? 55th Annual Scientific Sessions of the American College of Cardiology. Atlanta, GA, March 11\u201314, 2006."},{"key":"613_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0801936","volume":"359","author":"E Link","year":"2008","unstructured":"SEARCH Collaborative Group, Link E, Parish S. SLCO1B1 variants and statin-induced myopathy-a genomewide study. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:789\u201399.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"613_CR54","first-page":"e7028","volume":"107","author":"B Golomb","year":"2003","unstructured":"Golomb B, Yang E, Denenberg J, et al. Statin-associated muscle adverse effects. Circulation. 2003;107:e7028\u20139.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"613_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319714535073","volume":"66","author":"F Barkas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Barkas F, Liberopoulos EN, Kostapanos MS, et al. Lipid target achievement among patients with very high and high cardiovascular risk in a lipid clinic. Angiology. 2015;66:346\u201353.","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"613_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2014.10.021","volume":"115","author":"F Rodriguez","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rodriguez F, Olufade T, Heithoff K, et al. Frequency of high-risk patients not receiving high-potency statin (from a large managed care database). Am J Cardiol. 2015;115:190\u20135.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"613_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.2147\/TACG.S44315","volume":"8","author":"A Vogt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vogt A. The genetics of familial hypercholesterolemia and emerging therapies. Appl Clin Genet. 2015;8:27\u201336.","journal-title":"Appl Clin Genet"},{"key":"613_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2146","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu274","volume":"35","author":"M Cuchel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cuchel M, Bruckert E, Ginsberg HN, European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, et al. Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: new insights and guidance for clinicians to improve detection and clinical management. A position paper from the Consensus Panel on Familial Hypercholesterolemia of the European Atherosclerosis Society. Eur Heart J. 2014;35:2146\u201357.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"613_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-015-0466-y","volume":"75","author":"MK Ito","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ito MK, Watts GF. Challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Drugs. 2015;75:1715\u201324.","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"613_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3478","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht273","volume":"34","author":"MJ Nordestgaard","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nordestgaard MJ, Chapman SE, Humphries HN, For the European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus, et al. Familial hypercholesterolemia is underdiagnosed and undertreated in the general population: guidance for clinicians to prevent coronary heart disease: consensus Statement of the European Atherosclerosis Society. Eur Heart J. 2013;34:3478\u201390.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"613_CR61","first-page":"2863","volume-title":"The metabolic and molecular bases of inherited disease","author":"JK Goldstein","year":"2001","unstructured":"Goldstein JK, Hobbs HH, Brown MS. Familial hypercholesterolemia. In: Scriver CR, Beaudet AL, Sly WS, Valle D, editors. The metabolic and molecular bases of inherited disease. 8th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2001. p. 2863\u2013913.","edition":"8"},{"key":"613_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.01.060","volume":"63","author":"AD Sniderman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sniderman AD, Tsimikas S, Fazio S. The severe hypercholesterolemia phenotype: clinical diagnosis, management, and emerging therapies. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63:1935\u201347.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"613_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2013.11.002","volume":"8","author":"R Vishwanath","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vishwanath R, Hemphill LC. Familial hypercholesterolemia and estimation of US patients eligible for low-density lipoprotein apheresis after maximally tolerated lipid-lowering therapy. J Clin Lipidol. 2014;8:18\u201328.","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"key":"613_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu058","volume":"36","author":"B Sjouke","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sjouke B, Kusters DM, Kindt I, et al. Homozygous autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia in the Netherlands: prevalence, genotype\u2013phenotype relationship, and clinical outcome. Eur Heart J. 2015;36:560\u20135.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"613_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2448","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe1507041","volume":"372","author":"JA Jarcho","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jarcho JA, Keaney JF Jr. Proof that lower is better\u2014LDL cholesterol and IMPROVE-IT. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:2448\u201350.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"613_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2387","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1410489","volume":"372","author":"CP Cannon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cannon CP, Blazing MA, Giugliano RP, et al. Ezetimibe added to statin therapy after acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:2387\u201397.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"613_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu208","volume":"35","author":"H Jansen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jansen H, Samani NJ, Schunkert H. Mendelian randomization studies in coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J. 2014;35:1917\u201324.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J."},{"key":"613_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2986","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002986","volume":"8","author":"P Linsel-Nitschke","year":"2008","unstructured":"Linsel-Nitschke P, Gotz A, Erdmann J, et al. Lifelong reduction of LDL-cholesterol related to a common variant in the LDL-receptor gene decreases the risk of coronary artery disease\u2014a Mendelian randomisation study. PLoS One. 2008;8:2986.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"613_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa054013","volume":"354","author":"JC Cohen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cohen JC, Boerwinkle E, Mosley TH Jr, et al. Sequence variations in PCSK9, low LDL, and protection against coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:1264\u201372.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"613_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-8206.2009.00764.x","volume":"24","author":"Z Reiner","year":"2010","unstructured":"Reiner Z. Combined therapy in the treatment of dyslipidemia. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2010;24:19\u201328.","journal-title":"Fundam Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"613_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv108","volume":"36","author":"BK Lauridsen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lauridsen BK, Stender S, Frikke-Schmidt R, et al. Genetic variation in the cholesterol transporter NPC1L1, ischaemic vascular disease, and gallstone disease. Eur Heart J. 2015;36:1601\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"613_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S172","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R800091-JLR200","volume":"50","author":"JD Horton","year":"2009","unstructured":"Horton JD, Cohen JC, Hobbs HH. PCSK9: a convertase that coordinates LDL catabolism. J Lipid Res. 2009;50(Suppl):S172\u20137.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"613_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1086\/302370","volume":"64","author":"M Varret","year":"1999","unstructured":"Varret M, Rabes JP, Saint-Jore B, et al. A third major locus for autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia maps to 1p34.1-p32. Am J Hum Genet. 1999;64:1378\u201387.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"613_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1509","volume":"37","author":"J Cohen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cohen J, Pertsemlidis A, Kotowski IK, et al. Low LDL cholesterol in individuals of African descent resulting from frequent nonsense mutations in PCSK9. Nat Genet. 2005;37:161\u20135.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"310\u201327","key":"613_CR75","first-page":"76","volume":"8","author":"L Zhang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhang L, McCabe T, Condra JH, et al. An anti-PCSK9 antibody reduces LDL-cholesterol on top of a statin and suppresses hepatocyte SREBP-regulated genes. Int J Biol Sci. 2012;8(310\u201327):76.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"613_CR76","unstructured":"Dorey E. Cholesterol-busting PCSK9 drugs. Pharm J. 2015. http:\/\/www.pharmaceutical-journal.com\/news-and-analysis\/features\/pcsk9-inhibitors-the-next-cholesterol-lowering-blockbusters\/20068181.article . Last accessed Jan 2016."},{"key":"613_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61914-5","volume":"383","author":"K Fitzgerald","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fitzgerald K, Frank-Kamenetsky M, Shulga-Morskaya S, et al. Effect of an RNA interference drug on the synthesis of proprotein convertase subtilisin\/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and the concentration of serum LDL cholesterol in healthy volunteers: a randomised, single-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1 trial. Lancet. 2014;383:60\u20138.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"613_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2014.84","volume":"11","author":"RT Dadu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dadu RT, Ballantyne CM. Lipid lowering with PCSK9 inhibitors. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2014;11:563\u201375.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"613_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.03.019","volume":"63","author":"E Stroes","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stroes E, Colquhoun D, Sullivan D, et al. GAUSS-2 Investigators. Anti-PCSK9 antibody effectively lowers cholesterol in patients with statin intolerance: the GAUSS-2 randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 clinical trial of evolocumab. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63:2541\u20138.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"613_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61399-4","volume":"385","author":"FJ Raal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Raal FJ, Stein EA, Dufour R, RUTHERFORD-2 Investigators, et al. PCSK9 inhibition with evolocumab (AMG 145) in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (RUTHERFORD-2): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2015;385:331\u201340.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"613_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61374-X","volume":"385","author":"FJ Raal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Raal FJ, Honarpour N, Blom DJ, et al. Inhibition of PCSK9 with evolocumab in homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (TESLA Part B): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2015;385:341\u201350.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"613_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.307071","volume":"117","author":"DJ Blom","year":"2015","unstructured":"Blom DJ, Djedjos CS, Monsalvo ML, et al. Effects of evolocumab on vitamin e and steroid hormone levels: results from the 52-week, phase 3, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled DESCARTES study. Circ Res. 2015;117:731\u201341.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"613_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.22252","volume":"37","author":"JG Robinson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Robinson JG, Rogers WJ, Nedergaard BS, et al. Rationale and design of LAPLACE-2: a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo- and ezetimibe-controlled trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of evolocumab in subjects with hypercholesterolemia on background statin therapy. Clin Cardiol. 2014;37:195\u2013203.","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"613_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raal F, Hovingh K, Santos R, et al. Long-term treatment with evolocumab in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HoFH): interim results from the trial assessing long-term use of PCSK9 inhibition in subjects with genetic LDL disorder (TAUSSIG) study. Abstract no. 255 presented at 17th International Symposium on Atherosclerosis. 2015.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.07.221"},{"key":"613_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sattar NA, Djedjos CS, Robinson JG, et al. Efficacy and safety of the PCSK9 inhibitor evolocumab (AMG 145) in patients with type 2 diabetes. Abstract no. 257 presented at the 75th Annual Scientific Sessions of the American Diabetes Association. 2015.","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(16)00003-6"},{"key":"613_CR86","unstructured":"Preiss D. Oral presentation at EASD 2015. Should we worry about raised triglycerides: the controversy continues. http:\/\/www.easdvirtualmeeting.org\/resources\/should-we-worry-about-raised-triglycerides-the-controversy-continues . Last accessed Jan 2016."},{"key":"613_CR87","unstructured":"Sattar N, Preiss D, Blom D, et al. Evaluation of the one-year efficacy, safety and glycaemic effects of evolocumab (AMG 145) in 4,802 subjects with, at high risk for, or at low risk for, diabetes mellitus. Abstract no. 157 presented at 51st Annual meeting of the European Association for the study of Diabetes. 2015."},{"key":"613_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1501031","volume":"372","author":"JG Robinson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Robinson JG, Farnier M, Krempf M, et al. ODYSSEY LONG TERM Investigators. Efficacy and safety of alirocumab in reducing lipids and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:1489\u201399.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"613_CR89","first-page":"2996","volume":"36","author":"JJ Kastelein","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kastelein JJ, Ginsberg HN, Langslet G, et al. ODYSSEY FH I and FH II: 78\u00a0week results with alirocumab treatment in 735 patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Eur Heart J. 2015;36:2996\u20133003.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"613_CR90","first-page":"2119","volume":"130","author":"HN Ginsberg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ginsberg HN, Rader DJ, Raal FJ. ODYSSEY HIGH FH: efficacy and safety of alirocumab in patients with severe heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Circulation. 2014;130:2119.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"613_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3140","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-1520","volume":"100","author":"H Bays","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bays H, Gaudet D, Weiss R, et al. Alirocumab as add-on to atorvastatin versus other lipid treatment strategies: ODYSSEY OPTIONS I randomized trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;100:3140\u20138.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"613_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.010","volume":"244","author":"M Farnier","year":"2016","unstructured":"Farnier M, Jones P, Severance R, et al. Efficacy and safety of adding alirocumab to rosuvastatin versus adding ezetimibe or doubling the rosuvastatin dose in high cardiovascular-risk patients: the ODYSSEY OPTIONS II randomized trial. Atherosclerosis. 2016;244:138\u201346.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"613_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2014.09.007","volume":"8","author":"PM Moriarty","year":"2014","unstructured":"Moriarty PM, Jacobson TA, Bruckert E, et al. Efficacy and safety of alirocumab, a monoclonal antibody to PCSK9, in statin-intolerant patients: design and rationale of ODYSSEY ALTERNATIVE, a randomized phase 3 trial. J Clin Lipidol. 2014;8:554\u201361.","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"issue":"906\u2013915","key":"613_CR94","first-page":"e13","volume":"169","author":"DJ Kereiakes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kereiakes DJ, Robinson JG, Cannon CP, et al. Efficacy and safety of the proprotein convertase subtilisin\/kexin type 9 inhibitor alirocumab among high cardiovascular risk patients on maximally tolerated statin therapy: The ODYSSEY COMBO I study. Am Heart J. 2015;169(906\u2013915):e13.","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"613_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv028","volume":"36","author":"CP Cannon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cannon CP, Cariou B, Blom D, et al. Efficacy and safety of alirocumab in high cardiovascular risk patients with inadequately controlled hypercholesterolaemia on maximally tolerated doses of statins: the ODYSSEY COMBO II randomized controlled trial. Eur Heart J. 2015;36:1186\u201394.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"613_CR96","unstructured":"Roth E, Rader DJ, Moriarty P. Phase 3 randomized trial evaluating alirocumab every four weeks dosing as add-on to statin or as monotherapy: ODYSSEY CHOICE I. Abstract no. 0254 presented at 17th International Symposium on Atherosclerosis. 2015."},{"key":"613_CR97","unstructured":"Stroes E, Guyton J, Farnier M. Alirocumab in patients with hypercholesterolemia not on statin therapy: the ODYSSEY CHOICE II study. Abstract no. 0269 presented at 17th International Symposium on Atherosclerosis. 2015."},{"key":"613_CR98","unstructured":"Colhoun HM, Ginsberg HN, Leiter LA, et al. Efficacy and safety of alirocumab in individuals with diabetes: analyses from the ODYSSEY LONG TERM study. Abstract no. 158 presented at 51st Annual meeting of the European Association for the study of Diabetes. 2015."},{"key":"613_CR99","unstructured":"A 52\u00a0week study to assess the use of bococizumab (PF-04950615; RN316) in subjects with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (SPIRE-FH); ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01968980; https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT01968980 ."},{"key":"613_CR100","unstructured":"Randomized clinical trial of bococizumab (PF-04950615; RN316) in subjects with hyperlipidemia or mixed dyslipidemia at risk of cardiovascular events (SPIRE-HR); ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01968954; https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT01968954 ."},{"key":"613_CR101","unstructured":"Randomized clinical trial of bococizumab (PF-04950615; RN316) in subjects with hyperlipidemia or mixed dyslipidemia at risk of cardiovascular events (SPIRE-LDL); ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01968967; https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT01968967 ."},{"key":"613_CR102","unstructured":"The evaluation of bococizumab (PF-04950615;RN316) in reducing the occurrence of major cardiovascular events in high risk subjects (SPIRE-1); ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01975376; https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT01975376 ."},{"key":"613_CR103","unstructured":"The evaluation of bococizumab (PF-04950615; RN316) in reducing the occurrence of major cardiovascular events in high risk subjects (SPIRE-2); ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01975389; https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT01975389 ."},{"issue":"315","key":"613_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.3608","volume":"19","author":"SE Nissen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nissen SE, Stroes E, Dent-Acosta RE, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of evolocumab vs ezetimibe in patients with muscle-related statin intolerance: The GAUSS-3 randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2016;19(315):1580\u201390.","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"613_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2014.07.028","volume":"168","author":"GG Schwartz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schwartz GG, Bessac L, Berdan LG, et al. Effect of alirocumab, a monoclonal antibody to PCSK9, on long-term cardiovascular outcomes following acute coronary syndromes: rationale and design of the ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial. Am Heart J. 2014;168:682\u20139.","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"613_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2015.11.015","volume":"173","author":"MS Sabatine","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sabatine MS, Giugliano RP, Keech A, et al. Rationale and design of the Further cardiovascular OUtcomes Research with PCSK9 Inhibition in subjects with Elevated Risk trial. Am Heart J. 2016;173:94\u2013101.","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"613_CR107","unstructured":"Dimise EJ. GlobalData Report: Amgen\u2019s PCSK9 monoclonal antibody, evolocumab, zaps LDL-C in the TESLA and TAUSSIG clinical trials. http:\/\/healthcare.globaldata.com\/resources\/expert-insights\/pharmaceuticals\/amgens-pcsk9-monoclonal-antibody-evolocumab-zaps-ldlc-in-the-tesla-and-taussig-clinical-trials . Last accessed Jan 2016."},{"key":"613_CR108","unstructured":"Evolocumab SmPC. http:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/docs\/enGB\/document_library\/EPAR_-_Product_Information\/human\/003766\/WC500191398.pdf . Last accessed Jan 2016."},{"key":"613_CR109","unstructured":"Alirocumab SmPC. http:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/docs\/en_GB\/document_library\/EPAR_-_Product_Information\/human\/003882\/WC500194521.pdf . Last accessed Jan 2016."},{"key":"613_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2014.12.006","volume":"9","author":"R Panta","year":"2015","unstructured":"Panta R, Dahal K, Kunwar S. Efficacy and safety of mipomersen in treatment of dyslipidemia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Clin Lipidol. 2015;9:217\u201325.","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"key":"613_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.07.081","volume":"62","author":"GS Thomas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Thomas GS, Cromwell WC, Ali S, et al. Mipomersen, an apolipoprotein B synthesis inhibitor, reduces atherogenic lipoproteins in patients with severe hypercholesterolemia at high cardiovascular risk: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62:2178\u201384.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"613_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2283","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.104125","volume":"126","author":"EA Stein","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stein EA, Dufour R, Gagne C, et al. Apolipoprotein B synthesis inhibition with mipomersen in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess efficacy and safety as add-on therapy in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation. 2012;126:2283\u201392.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"613_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e49006","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0049006","volume":"7","author":"MP McGowan","year":"2012","unstructured":"McGowan MP, Tardif JC, Ceska R, et al. Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of mipomersen in patients with severe hypercholesterolemia receiving maximally tolerated lipid-lowering therapy. PLoS One. 2012;7:e49006.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"613_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs023","volume":"33","author":"ME Visser","year":"2012","unstructured":"Visser ME, Wagener G, Baker BF, et al. Mipomersen, an apolipoprotein B synthesis inhibitor, lowers low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in high-risk statin-intolerant patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Eur Heart J. 2012;33:1142\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"613_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60284-X","volume":"375","author":"FJ Raal","year":"2010","unstructured":"Raal FJ, Santos RD, Blom DJ, et al. Mipomersen, an apolipoprotein B synthesis inhibitor, for lowering of LDL cholesterol concentrations in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2010;375:998\u20131006.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"613_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61845-5","volume":"381","author":"FJ Raal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Raal FJ. Lomitapide for homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia. Lancet. 2013;381:7\u20138.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"613_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.1351","volume":"34","author":"S Tuteja","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tuteja S, Duffy D, Dunbar RL, et al. Pharmacokinetic interactions of the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein inhibitor, lomitapide, with drugs commonly used in the management of hypercholesterolemia. Pharmacotherapy. 2014;34:227\u201339.","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"613_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61731-0","volume":"381","author":"M Cuchel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cuchel M, Meagher EA, du Toit Theron H, et al. Efficacy and safety of a microsomal triglyceride transfer protein inhibitor in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: a single-arm, open-label, phase 3 study. Lancet. 2013;381:40\u20136.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"613_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa061189","volume":"356","author":"M Cuchel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cuchel M, Bloedon LT, Szapary PO, et al. Inhibition of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein in familial hypercholesterolemia. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:148\u201356.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"613_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.114.301804","volume":"114","author":"JC Capelleveen van","year":"2014","unstructured":"van Capelleveen JC, Brewer HB, Kastelein JJ, et al. Novel therapies focused on the high-density lipoprotein particle. Circ Res. 2014;114:193\u2013204.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"613_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa071359","volume":"356","author":"JJ Kastelein","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kastelein JJ, van Leuven SI, Burgess L, et al. Effect of torcetrapib on carotid atherosclerosis in familial hypercholesterolemia. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:1620\u201330.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"613_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2406","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1009744","volume":"363","author":"CP Cannon","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cannon CP, Shah S, Dansky HM, et al. Safety of anacetrapib in patients with or at high risk for coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:2406\u201315.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"613_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.1649","volume":"306","author":"SJ Nicholls","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nicholls SJ, Brewer HB, Kastelein JJ, et al. Effects of the CETP inhibitor evacetrapib administered as monotherapy or in combination with statins on HDL and LDL cholesterol: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2011;306:2099\u2013109.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"613_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60158-1","volume":"386","author":"GK Hovingh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hovingh GK, Kastelein JJ, van Deventer SJ, et al. Cholesterol ester transfer protein inhibition by TA-8995 in patients with mild dyslipidaemia (TULIP): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial. Lancet. 2015;386:452\u201360.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"613_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1107579","volume":"365","author":"WE Boden","year":"2011","unstructured":"AIM-HIGH Investigators, Boden WE, Probstfield JL, et al. Niacin in patients with low HDL cholesterol levels receiving intensive statin therapy. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:2255\u201367.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"613_CR126","first-page":"59","volume":"115","author":"V Simko","year":"2014","unstructured":"Simko V, Ginter E. Understanding cholesterol: high is bad but too low may also be risky\u2014is low cholesterol associated with cancer? Bratisl Lek Listy. 2014;115:59\u201365.","journal-title":"Bratisl Lek Listy"},{"key":"613_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)90890-7","volume":"2","author":"A Schatzkin","year":"1987","unstructured":"Schatzkin A, Hoover RN, Taylor PR, et al. Serum cholesterol and cancer in the NHANES I epidemiologic followup study. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Lancet. 1987;2:298\u2013301.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"613_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2004.029454","volume":"42","author":"SW Fouchier","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fouchier SW, Sankatsing RR, Peter J, et al. High frequency of APOB gene mutations causing familial hypobetalipoproteinaemia in patients of Dutch and Spanish descent. J Med Genet. 2005;42:e23.","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"613_CR129","unstructured":"Singh VN, Citkowitz E. Low LDL cholesterol (hypobetalipoproteinemia). Medscape. Updated: Dec 16, 2014. http:\/\/emedicine.medscape.com\/article\/121975-overview . Last accessed Jan 2016."},{"key":"613_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/s10545-013-9665-4","volume":"37","author":"J Lee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee J, Hegele RA. Abetalipoproteinemia and homozygous hypobetalipoproteinemia: a framework for diagnosis and management. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2014;37:333\u20139.","journal-title":"J Inherit Metab Dis"},{"key":"613_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2015.04.010","volume":"1853","author":"A Bonifacio","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bonifacio A, Sanvee GM, Bouitbir J, Kr\u00e4henb\u00fchl S. The AKT\/mTOR signaling pathway plays a key role in statin-induced myotoxicity. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015;1853:1841\u20139.","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"613_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0000000000000172","volume":"26","author":"JG Robinson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Robinson JG. Statins and diabetes risk: how real is it and what are the mechanisms? Curr Opin Lipidol. 2015;26:228\u201335.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Lipidol"},{"key":"613_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4521","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2009-0252","volume":"150","author":"S R\u00fctti","year":"2009","unstructured":"R\u00fctti S, Ehses JA, Sibler RA, et al. Low- and high-density lipoproteins modulate function, apoptosis, and proliferation of primary human and murine pancreatic beta-cells. Endocrinology. 2009;150:4521\u201330.","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"613_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-010-1691-2","volume":"53","author":"JK Kruit","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kruit JK, Kremer PH, Dai L, et al. Cholesterol efflux via ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and cholesterol uptake via the LDL receptor influences cholesterol-induced impairment of beta cell function in mice. Diabetologia. 2010;53:1110\u20139.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"613_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.1206","volume":"313","author":"J Besseling","year":"2015","unstructured":"Besseling J, Kastelein JJ, Defesche JC, et al. Association between familial hypercholesterolemia and prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. JAMA. 2015;313:1029\u201336.","journal-title":"JAMA"}],"container-title":["Drugs"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40265-016-0613-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40265-016-0613-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40265-016-0613-0","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,11]],"date-time":"2019-09-11T13:14:18Z","timestamp":1568207658000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40265-016-0613-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,25]]},"references-count":135,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]}},"alternative-id":["613"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40265-016-0613-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-6667","1179-1950"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-6667","type":"print"},{"value":"1179-1950","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,25]]}}}