{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T03:46:00Z","timestamp":1791431160219,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":153,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757116800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757116800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Drugs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-025-02227-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T08:25:41Z","timestamp":1757147141000},"page":"1391-1411","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Current and Emerging Pharmacological Approaches to Agitation in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: A Narrative Review of New and Repurposed Therapies"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"85","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2731-8170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles","family":"Smoller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Schiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyla","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bret David","family":"Silverglate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1493-3931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George Thomas","family":"Grossberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2227_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003138","volume":"17","author":"X Cheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cheng X, Yang Y, Schwebel DC, Liu Z, Li L, Cheng P, et al. Population ageing and mortality during 1990\u20132017: a global decomposition analysis. PLoS Med. 2020;17(6): e1003138.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"6209","key":"2227_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1254405","volume":"346","author":"S Harper","year":"2014","unstructured":"Harper S. Economic and social implications of aging societies. Science. 2014;346(6209):587\u201391.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2227_CR3","unstructured":"Wilmoth JR, Bas D, Mukherjee S, Hanif N, Luchsinger G. World social report 2023: Leaving no one behind in an ageing World [Internet]. New York: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs; 2023 [cited 2025 Jul 2]. Available from: https:\/\/desapublications.un.org\/publications\/world-social-report-2023-leaving-no-one-behind-ageing-world"},{"issue":"2","key":"2227_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e105","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(21)00249-8","volume":"7","author":"E Nichols","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nichols E, Steinmetz JD, Vollset SE, Fukutaki K, Chalek J, Abd-Allah F, et al. Estimation of the global prevalence of dementia in 2019 and forecasted prevalence in 2050: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Public Health. 2022;7(2):e105\u201325.","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health."},{"issue":"3","key":"2227_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5030","volume":"34","author":"R Halpern","year":"2019","unstructured":"Halpern R, Seare J, Tong J, Hartry A, Olaoye A, Aigbogun MS. Using electronic health records to estimate the prevalence of agitation in Alzheimer disease\/dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2019;34(3):420\u201331.","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"2227_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.12.1475","volume":"288","author":"CG Lyketsos","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lyketsos CG, Lopez O, Jones B, Fitzpatrick AL, Breitner J, DeKosky S. Prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia and mild cognitive impairment\u2014results from the cardiovascular health study. JAMA. 2002;288(12):1475\u201383.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"2227_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2014.924900","volume":"19","author":"S Van der Mussele","year":"2015","unstructured":"Van der Mussele S, Le Bastard N, Saerens J, Somers N, Mari\u00ebn P, Goeman J, et al. Agitation-associated behavioral symptoms in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s dementia. Aging Ment Health. 2015;19(3):247\u201357.","journal-title":"Aging Ment Health"},{"key":"2227_CR8","unstructured":"Sharma NP, Huecker MR. Agitation. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025."},{"key":"2227_CR9","unstructured":"FDA Approves First Drug to Treat Agitation Symptoms Associated with Dementia due to Alzheimer\u2019s Disease [press release]. Federal Drug Administration 2023."},{"issue":"2","key":"2227_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2005.072983","volume":"77","author":"S Banerjee","year":"2006","unstructured":"Banerjee S, Smith SC, Lamping DL, Harwood RH, Foley B, Smith P, et al. Quality of life in dementia: more than just cognition. An analysis of associations with quality of life in dementia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2006;77(2):146\u20138.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"2227_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-215670","volume":"88","author":"J Schein","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schein J, Houle CR, Urganus AL, Jones E, Pike J, Husbands J, et al. The impact of agitation in dementia on caregivers: a real-world survey. J Alzheimers Dis. 2022;88(2):663\u201377.","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"2227_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2014.14040480","volume":"172","author":"ME Peters","year":"2015","unstructured":"Peters ME, Schwartz S, Han D, Rabins PV, Steinberg M, Tschanz JT, et al. Neuropsychiatric symptoms as predictors of progression to severe Alzheimer\u2019s dementia and death: the Cache County Dementia Progression Study. Am J Psychiatry. 2015;172(5):460\u20135.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"2227_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2012.11101529","volume":"169","author":"H Brodaty","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brodaty H, Arasaratnam C. Meta-analysis of nonpharmacological interventions for neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia. Am J Psychiatry. 2012;169(9):946\u201353.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2227_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101448","volume":"71","author":"X Meng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Meng X, Su J, Li H, Ma D, Zhao Y, Li Y, et al. Effectiveness of caregiver non-pharmacological interventions for behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia: an updated meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev. 2021;71: 101448.","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"2227_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.09.006","volume":"207","author":"M Sussman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sussman M, Yu J, Kamat SA, Hartry A, Legacy S, Duffy R, et al. Cost-effectiveness of brexpiprazole adjunctive treatment for major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord. 2017;207:54\u201362.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"2227_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2020.4.45779","author":"C Miller","year":"2020","unstructured":"Miller C, Hodzic V, Weintraub E. Current understanding of the neurobiology of agitation. West J Emerg Med. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5811\/westjem.2020.4.45779.","journal-title":"West J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"5 Suppl","key":"2227_CR17","first-page":"S95.e1","volume":"9","author":"PT Trzepacz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Trzepacz PT, Yu P, Bhamidipati PK, Willis B, Forrester T, Tabas L, et al. Frontolimbic atrophy is associated with agitation and aggression in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2013;9(5 Suppl):S95.e1-S104.e1.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"2227_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2018.03.003","volume":"43","author":"KY Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu KY, Stringer AE, Reeves SJ, Howard RJ. The neurochemistry of agitation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a systematic review. Ageing Res Rev. 2018;43:99\u2013107.","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"2227_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-022-01293-6","volume":"47","author":"CM Cassidy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cassidy CM, Therriault J, Pascoal TA, Cheung V, Savard M, Tuominen L, et al. Association of locus coeruleus integrity with Braak stage and neuropsychiatric symptom severity in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2022;47(5):1128\u201336.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"45","key":"2227_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E10730","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1811664115","volume":"115","author":"B Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim B, Yoon S, Nakajima R, Lee HJ, Lim HJ, Lee Y-K, et al. Dopamine D2 receptor-mediated circuit from the central amygdala to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis regulates impulsive behavior. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2018;115(45):E10730\u20139.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2227_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1251922","volume":"14","author":"JC Hern\u00e1ndez-Mondrag\u00f3n","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Mondrag\u00f3n JC, Hern\u00e1ndez-Hern\u00e1ndez DA, Crespo-Ram\u00edrez M, Prospero-Garc\u00eda O, Rocha-Arrieta L, Fuxe K, et al. Evidence for the existence of facilitatory interactions between the dopamine D2 receptor and the oxytocin receptor in the amygdala of the rat. Relevance for anxiolytic actions. Front Pharmacol. 2023;14: 1251922.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2227_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.16080155","volume":"30","author":"J Victoroff","year":"2018","unstructured":"Victoroff J, Lin FV, Coburn KL, Shillcutt SD, Voon V, Ducharme S. Noncognitive behavioral changes associated with Alzheimer\u2019s disease: implications of neuroimaging findings. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2018;30(1):14\u201321.","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2227_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26051","volume":"44","author":"K Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li K, Zeng Q, Luo X, Qi S, Xu X, Fu Z, et al. Neuropsychiatric symptoms associated multimodal brain networks in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Hum Brain Mapp. 2023;44(1):119\u201330.","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"issue":"1","key":"2227_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-021-00456-1","volume":"16","author":"Y Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen Y, Dang M, Zhang Z. Brain mechanisms underlying neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a systematic review of symptom-general and -specific lesion patterns. Mol Neurodegener. 2021;16(1):38.","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"issue":"11","key":"2227_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.45175","volume":"6","author":"C Schaffer Aguzzoli","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schaffer Aguzzoli C, Ferreira PCL, Povala G, Ferrari-Souza JP, Bellaver B, Soares Katz C, et al. Neuropsychiatric symptoms and microglial activation in patients with Alzheimer disease. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(11): e2345175.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"11","key":"2227_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610221000934","volume":"33","author":"N Siafarikas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Siafarikas N, Aln\u00e6s D, Monereo-Sanchez J, Lund MJ, Selbaek G, Stylianou-Korsnes M, et al. Neuropsychiatric symptoms and brain morphology in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease with dementia. Int Psychogeriatr. 2021;33(11):1217\u201328.","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"key":"2227_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2020.02.012","volume":"112","author":"F Kosel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kosel F, Pelley JMS, Franklin TB. Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia in mouse models of Alzheimer\u2019s disease-related pathology. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2020;112:634\u201347.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2227_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-024-00712-0","volume":"19","author":"MZ Zhong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhong MZ, Peng T, Duarte ML, Wang M, Cai D. Updates on mouse models of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Mol Neurodegener. 2024;19(1):23.","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"issue":"4","key":"2227_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51737","volume":"10","author":"FV Gouveia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gouveia FV, Lea-Banks H, Aubert I, Lipsman N, Hynynen K, Hamani C. Anesthetic-loaded nanodroplets with focused ultrasound reduces agitation in Alzheimer\u2019s mice. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2023;10(4):507\u201319.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2227_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.11112","volume":"318","author":"D Yohanna","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yohanna D, Cifu AS. Antipsychotics to treat agitation or psychosis in patients with dementia. JAMA. 2017;318(11):1057\u20138.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"2227_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.2174\/157015909790031229","volume":"7","author":"R Miller","year":"2009","unstructured":"Miller R. Mechanisms of action of antipsychotic drugs of different classes, refractoriness to therapeutic effects of classical neuroleptics, and individual variation in sensitivity to their actions: part I. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2009;7(4):302\u201314.","journal-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"2227_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00fchlbauer V, M\u00f6hler R, Dichter MN, Zuidema SU, K\u00f6pke S, Luijendijk HJ. Antipsychotics for agitation and psychosis in people with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;2022(1):143.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013304.pub2"},{"issue":"1","key":"2227_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e3182a6096e","volume":"34","author":"P Gareri","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gareri P, De Fazio P, Manfredi VG, De Sarro G. Use and safety of antipsychotics in behavioral disorders in elderly people with dementia. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2014;34(1):109\u201323.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2227_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3912","volume":"25","author":"HJ Luijendijk","year":"2016","unstructured":"Luijendijk HJ, de Bruin NC, Hulshof TA, Koolman X. Terminal illness and the increased mortality risk of conventional antipsychotics in observational studies: a systematic review. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2016;25(2):113\u201322.","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"issue":"10","key":"2227_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyv055","volume":"18","author":"M Defrancesco","year":"2015","unstructured":"Defrancesco M, Marksteiner J, Fleischhacker WW, Blasko I. Use of benzodiazepines in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a systematic review of literature. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2015;18(10): pyv055.","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2227_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyv055","volume":"18","author":"M Defrancesco","year":"2015","unstructured":"Defrancesco M, Marksteiner J, Fleischhacker WW, Blasko I. Use of benzodiazepines in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a systematic review of literature. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2015;18(10): pyv055.","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2227_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(01)00365-7","volume":"26","author":"K Meehan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Meehan K. Comparison of rapidly acting intramuscular olanzapine, lorazepam, and placebo a double-blind, randomized study in acutely agitated patients with dementia. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2002;26(4):494\u2013504.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2227_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2019.08.006","volume":"21","author":"AH Dyer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dyer AH, Murphy C, Lawlor B, Kennelly SP. Cognitive outcomes of long-term benzodiazepine and related drug (BDZR) use in people living with mild to moderate Alzheimer\u2019s disease: results from NILVAD. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020;21(2):194\u2013200.","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"2227_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1097\/00004850-199100630-00002","volume":"6","author":"RJ Ancill","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ancill RJ, Carlyle WW, Liang RA, Holliday SG. Agitation in the demented elderly: a role for benzodiazepines? Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1991;6(3):141\u20136.","journal-title":"Int Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2227_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.147.12.1640","volume":"147","author":"EF Coccaro","year":"1990","unstructured":"Coccaro EF, Kramer E, Zemishlany Z, Thorne A, Rice CM 3rd, Giordani B, et al. Pharmacologic treatment of noncognitive behavioral disturbances in elderly demented patients. Am J Psychiatry. 1990;147(12):1640\u20135.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"2227_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-200219040-00002","volume":"19","author":"SS Kindermann","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kindermann SS, Dolder CR, Bailey A, Katz IR, Jeste DV. Pharmacological treatment of psychosis and agitation in elderly patients with dementia. Drugs Aging. 2002;19(4):257\u201376.","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"issue":"5","key":"2227_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.5.946","volume":"53","author":"PP De Deyn","year":"1999","unstructured":"De Deyn PP, Rabheru K, Rasmussen A, Bocksberger JP, Dautzenberg PLJ, Eriksson S, et al. A randomized trial of risperidone, placebo, and haloperidol for behavioral symptoms of dementia. Neurology. 1999;53(5):946.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"9","key":"2227_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.7326\/M19-0993","volume":"171","author":"JA Watt","year":"2019","unstructured":"Watt JA, Goodarzi Z, Veroniki AA, Nincic V, Khan PA, Ghassemi M, et al. Comparative efficacy of interventions for aggressive and agitated behaviors in dementia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2019;171(9):633\u201342.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2227_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2023.2195539","volume":"24","author":"D Lee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lee D, Clark ED, Antonsdottir IM, Porsteinsson AP. A 2023 update on the advancements in the treatment of agitation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2023;24(6):691\u2013703.","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"issue":"12","key":"2227_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2023.3810","volume":"80","author":"D Lee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lee D, Slomkowski M, Hefting N, Chen D, Larsen KG, Kohegyi E, et al. Brexpiprazole for the treatment of agitation in Alzheimer dementia: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Neurol. 2023;80(12):1307\u201316.","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2227_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13604","volume":"84","author":"K Kongpakwattana","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kongpakwattana K, Sawangjit R, Tawankanjanachot I, Bell JS, Hilmer SN, Chaiyakunapruk N. Pharmacological treatments for alleviating agitation in dementia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2018;84(7):1445\u201356.","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2227_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2024.0586","volume":"81","author":"J Cummings","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cummings J, Lanctot K, Grossberg G, Ballard C. Progress in pharmacologic management of neuropsychiatric syndromes in neurodegenerative disorders: a review. JAMA Neurol. 2024;81(6):645\u201353.","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2227_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.93","volume":"311","author":"AP Porsteinsson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Porsteinsson AP, Drye LT, Pollock BG, Devanand DP, Frangakis C, Ismail Z, et al. Effect of citalopram on agitation in Alzheimer disease: the CitAD randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2014;311(7):682.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2227_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.22662.1","volume":"9","author":"F Caraci","year":"2020","unstructured":"Caraci F, Santagati M, Caruso G, Cannav\u00f2 D, Leggio GM, Salomone S, et al. New antipsychotic drugs for the treatment of agitation and psychosis in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: focus on brexpiprazole and pimavanserin. F1000Research. 2020;9:686.","journal-title":"F1000Research."},{"issue":"4","key":"2227_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2019.09.009","volume":"28","author":"GT Grossberg","year":"2020","unstructured":"Grossberg GT, Kohegyi E, Mergel V, Josiassen MK, Meulien D, Hobart M, et al. Efficacy and safety of brexpiprazole for the treatment of agitation in Alzheimer\u2019s dementia: two 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2020;28(4):383\u2013400.","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"2227_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8002","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.14282","volume":"20","author":"Y Nakamura","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nakamura Y, Adachi J, Hirota N, Iba K, Shimizu K, Nakai M, et al. Brexpiprazole treatment for agitation in Alzheimer\u2019s dementia: a randomized study. Alzheimers Dement. 2024;20(11):8002\u201311.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"1","key":"2227_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/trc2.12157","volume":"7","author":"KY Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu KY, Borissova A, Mahmood J, Elliott T, Knowles M, Bentham P, et al. Pharmacological treatment trials of agitation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a systematic review of ClinicalTrials.gov registered trials. Alzheimers Dement (N Y). 2021;7(1): e12157.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement (N Y)"},{"key":"2227_CR53","unstructured":"Opinion following an Article 30 referral for Risperdal and associated names [press release]. European Medicines Agency; 2008."},{"issue":"15","key":"2227_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa061240","volume":"355","author":"LS Schneider","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schneider LS, Tariot PN, Dagerman KS, Davis SM, Hsiao JK, Ismail MS, et al. Effectiveness of atypical antipsychotic drugs in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(15):1525\u201338.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2227_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v64n0205","volume":"64","author":"H Brodaty","year":"2003","unstructured":"Brodaty H, Ames D, Snowdon J, Woodward M, Kirwan J, Clarnette R, et al. A randomized placebo-controlled trial of risperidone for the treatment of aggression, agitation, and psychosis of dementia. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003;64(2):134\u201343.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"2227_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2024.01.177","volume":"32","author":"A Rane","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rane A, Prabhune K, Okeke C, Chen N, Yunusa I. Comparative efficacy and safety of pharmacological interventions in patients with dementia-related agitation or aggression: a network meta-analysis. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2024;32(4):S95\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"2227_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ballard CG, Waite J, Birks J. Atypical antipsychotics for aggression and psychosis in Alzheimer's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;2012(5):47\u20138.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003476.pub2"},{"key":"2227_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Banerjee S, Farina N, Henderson C, High J, Stirling S, Shepstone L, et al. A pragmatic, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised trial to assess the safety, clinical and cost-effectiveness of mirtazapine and carbamazepine in people with Alzheimer\u2019s disease and agitated behaviours: the HTA-SYMBAD trial. Health Technology Assessment. 2023;27(23):1-108.","DOI":"10.3310\/VPDT7105"},{"issue":"4","key":"2227_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2007.01625.x","volume":"56","author":"W Knol","year":"2008","unstructured":"Knol W, van Marum RJ, Jansen PA, Souverein PC, Schobben AF, Egberts AC. Antipsychotic drug use and risk of pneumonia in elderly people. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008;56(4):661\u20136.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2227_CR60","unstructured":"CHMP ASSESSMENT REPORT ON CONVENTIONAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS [Internet]. European Medicines Agency. 2008 [cited 2025 Jul 2]. Available from: https:\/\/www.bfarm.de\/SharedDocs\/Downloads\/DE\/Arzneimittel\/Pharmakovigilanz\/Risikoinformationen\/RisikoBewVerf\/a-f\/antipsychotika\/chmp_ass_conven_antipsych.pdf?__blob=publicationFile"},{"issue":"14","key":"2227_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1176\/pn.43.14.0001","volume":"43","author":"J Yan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yan J. FDA extends black-box warning to all antipsychotics. Psychiatr News. 2008;43(14):1\u201327.","journal-title":"Psychiatr News"},{"issue":"14","key":"2227_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa066583","volume":"357","author":"RJ Howard","year":"2007","unstructured":"Howard RJ, Juszczak E, Ballard CG, Bentham P, Brown RG, Bullock R, et al. Donepezil for the treatment of agitation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(14):1382\u201392.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2227_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2006.09.008","volume":"73","author":"M Zhou","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zhou M, Engel K, Wang J. Evidence for significant contribution of a newly identified monoamine transporter (PMAT) to serotonin uptake in the human brain. Biochem Pharmacol. 2007;73(1):147\u201354.","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2227_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-019-0491-2","volume":"11","author":"A Metaxas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Metaxas A, Anzalone M, Vaitheeswaran R, Petersen S, Landau AM, Finsen B. Neuroinflammation and amyloid-beta 40 are associated with reduced serotonin transporter (SERT) activity in a transgenic model of familial Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2019;11(1):38.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"key":"2227_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou T, Wang J, Xin C, Kong L, Wang C. Effect of memantine combined with citalopram on cognition of BPSD and moderate Alzheimer's disease: A clinical trial. Exp Therapeutic Med. 2018;17(3):3\u20135.","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2018.7124"},{"issue":"3","key":"2227_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00605-6","volume":"40","author":"MW Quick","year":"2003","unstructured":"Quick MW. Regulating the conducting states of a mammalian serotonin transporter. Neuron. 2003;40(3):537\u201349.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"5","key":"2227_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03569-y","volume":"31","author":"TK Rajji","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rajji TK, Baksh SN, Shade DM, Ismail Z, Burhan AM, Okhravi HR, et al. Escitalopram for agitation in Alzheimer\u2019s dementia: a randomized controlled phase 3 trial. Nat Med. 2025;31(5):1586\u201391.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2227_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1097\/01.JGP.0000200589.01396.6d","volume":"14","author":"LS Schneider","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schneider LS, Dagerman K, Insel PS. Efficacy and adverse effects of atypical antipsychotics for dementia: meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2006;14(3):191\u2013210.","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"2227_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.12030408","volume":"170","author":"K Zivin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zivin K, Pfeiffer PN, Bohnert AS, Ganoczy D, Blow FC, Nallamothu BK, et al. Evaluation of the FDA warning against prescribing citalopram at doses exceeding 40 mg. Am J Psychiatry. 2013;170(6):642\u201350.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"2227_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-020-00707-7","volume":"34","author":"M Marcinkowska","year":"2020","unstructured":"Marcinkowska M, \u015aniecikowska J, Fajkis N, Pa\u015bko P, Franczyk W, Ko\u0142aczkowski M. Management of dementia-related psychosis, agitation and aggression: a review of the pharmacology and clinical effects of potential drug candidates. CNS Drugs. 2020;34(3):243\u201368.","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"issue":"7496","key":"2227_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38369.459988.8F","volume":"330","author":"C Ballard","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ballard C, Margallo-Lana M, Juszczak E, Douglas S, Swann A, Thomas A, et al. Quetiapine and rivastigmine and cognitive decline in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: randomised double blind placebo controlled trial. BMJ. 2005;330(7496):874.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"2227_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.2174\/156720507779939805","volume":"4","author":"K Zhong","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zhong K, Tariot P, Mintzer J, Minkwitz M, Devine N. Quetiapine to treat agitation in dementia: a randomized, double-blind,placebo-controlled study. Curr Alzheimer Res. 2007;4(1):81\u201393.","journal-title":"Curr Alzheimer Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2227_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1892","volume":"23","author":"D Paleacu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Paleacu D, Barak Y, Mirecky I, Mazeh D. Quetiapine treatment for behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia in Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients: a 6-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2008;23(4):393\u2013400.","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"2227_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S371641","volume":"19","author":"B Heim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Heim B, Peball M, Krismer F, Djamshidian A, Seppi K. Pimavanserin: a truly effective treatment for Parkinson\u2019s disease psychosis? A review of interventions. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2023;19:1303\u201312.","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"issue":"3","key":"2227_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30039-5","volume":"17","author":"C Ballard","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ballard C, Banister C, Khan Z, Cummings J, Demos G, Coate B, et al. Evaluation of the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of pimavanserin versus placebo in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease psychosis: a phase 2, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Lancet Neurol. 2018;17(3):213\u201322.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2227_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5381","volume":"35","author":"CG Ballard","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ballard CG, Coate B, Abler V, Stankovic S, Foff E. Evaluation of the efficacy of pimavanserin in the treatment of agitation and aggression in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease psychosis: a post hoc analysis. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2020;35(11):1402\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"2227_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-181106","volume":"67","author":"JW Ashford","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ashford JW. Treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: trazodone, sleep, serotonin, norepinephrine, and future directions. J Alzheimers Dis. 2019;67(3):923\u201330.","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"2227_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww101","volume":"139","author":"HL Smith","year":"2016","unstructured":"Smith HL, Mallucci GR. The unfolded protein response: mechanisms and therapy of neurodegeneration. Brain. 2016;139(8):2113\u201321.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"2","key":"2227_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2007.07.010","volume":"47","author":"S L\u00f3pez-Pousa","year":"2008","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Pousa S, Garre-Olmo J, Vilalta-Franch J, Turon-Estrada A, Pericot-Nierga I. Trazodone for Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a naturalistic follow-up study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2008;47(2):207\u201315.","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"issue":"9","key":"2227_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.9.1271","volume":"55","author":"L Teri","year":"2000","unstructured":"Teri L, Logsdon RG, Peskind E, Raskind M, Weiner MF, Tractenberg RE, et al. Treatment of agitation in AD: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Neurology. 2000;55(9):1271\u20138.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2227_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cakir S. The efficacy of mirtazapine in agitated patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a 12-week open-label pilot study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2008:4(5):963.","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S3201"},{"issue":"12","key":"2227_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2008.07121882","volume":"165","author":"HJ Cho","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cho HJ, Lavretsky H, Olmstead R, Levin MJ, Oxman MN, Irwin MR. Sleep disturbance and depression recurrence in community-dwelling older adults: a prospective study. Am J Psychiatry. 2008;165(12):1543\u201350.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"2227_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4943(00)00068-6","volume":"31","author":"J Cohen-Mansfield","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cohen-Mansfield J, Garfinkel D, Lipson S. Melatonin for treatment of sundowning in elderly persons with dementia\u2014a preliminary study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2000;31(1):65\u201376.","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"issue":"10310","key":"2227_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01210-1","volume":"398","author":"S Banerjee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Banerjee S, High J, Stirling S, Shepstone L, Swart AM, Telling T, et al. Study of mirtazapine for agitated behaviours in dementia (SYMBAD): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2021;398(10310):1487\u201397.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"2227_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4452","volume":"32","author":"DT Maust","year":"2017","unstructured":"Maust DT, Langa KM, Blow FC, Kales HC. Psychotropic use and associated neuropsychiatric symptoms among patients with dementia in the USA. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2017;32(2):164\u201374.","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"2227_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.19324","volume":"73","author":"T Novais","year":"2025","unstructured":"Novais T, Garnier-Crussard A, Reallon E, Mouchoux C, Gervais F. Assessing the prevalence of anticholinergic and sedative medications to avoid in older adults from the French Health Data System. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2025;73(5):1542\u201350.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"16","key":"2227_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.1416","volume":"331","author":"CS Col\u00f3n-Emeric","year":"2024","unstructured":"Col\u00f3n-Emeric CS, McDermott CL, Lee DS, Berry SD. Risk assessment and prevention of falls in older community-dwelling adults: a review. JAMA. 2024;331(16):1397\u2013406.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"2227_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1949","volume":"23","author":"S Gauthier","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gauthier S, Loft H, Cummings J. Improvement in behavioural symptoms in patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer\u2019s disease by memantine: a pooled data analysis. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2008;23(5):537\u201345.","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"2227_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.2174\/1874467210902010077","volume":"2","author":"P Francis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Francis P. Altered glutamate neurotransmission and behaviour in dementia: evidence from studies of memantine. Curr Mol Pharmacol. 2009;2(1):77\u201382.","journal-title":"Curr Mol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2227_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1K372","volume":"42","author":"ID Maidment","year":"2008","unstructured":"Maidment ID, Fox CG, Boustani M, Rodriguez J, Brown RC, Katona CL. Efficacy of memantine on behavioral and psychological symptoms related to dementia: a systematic meta-analysis. Ann Pharmacother. 2008;42(1):32\u20138.","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"issue":"3","key":"2227_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v69n0302","volume":"69","author":"GK Wilcock","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wilcock GK, Ballard CG, Cooper JA, Loft H. Memantine for agitation\/aggression and psychosis in moderately severe to severe Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a pooled analysis of 3 studies. J Clin Psychiatry. 2008;69(3):341\u20138.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"2227_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035185","volume":"7","author":"C Fox","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fox C, Crugel M, Maidment I, Auestad BH, Coulton S, Treloar A, et al. Efficacy of memantine for agitation in Alzheimer\u2019s dementia: a randomised double-blind placebo controlled trial. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(5): e35185.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"6","key":"2227_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610213000239","volume":"25","author":"N Herrmann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Herrmann N, Gauthier S, Boneva N, Lemming OM. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of memantine in a behaviorally enriched sample of patients with moderate-to-severe Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Int Psychogeriatr. 2013;25(6):919\u201327.","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"2227_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.58.3.427","volume":"58","author":"RS Doody","year":"2001","unstructured":"Doody RS. Open-label, multicenter, phase 3 extension study of the safety and efficacy of donepezil in patients with Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol. 2001;58(3): 427.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2227_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1097\/00002826-200211000-00007","volume":"25","author":"D Paleacu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Paleacu D, Mazeh D, Mirecki I, Even M, Barak Y. Donepezil for the treatment of behavioral symptoms in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2002;25(6):313\u20137.","journal-title":"Clin Neuropharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2227_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610212002141","volume":"25","author":"PT Trzepacz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Trzepacz PT, Cummings J, Konechnik T, Forrester TD, Chang C, Dennehy EB, et al. Mibampator (LY451395) randomized clinical trial for agitation\/aggression in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Int Psychogeriatr. 2013;25(5):707\u201319.","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"issue":"13","key":"2227_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000260240.46070.7c","volume":"68","author":"AS Chappell","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chappell AS, Gonzales C, Williams J, Witte MM, Mohs RC, Sperling R. AMPA potentiator treatment of cognitive deficits in Alzheimer disease. Neurology. 2007;68(13):1008\u201312.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2227_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104091","volume":"89","author":"J Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu J, Wang LN. Efficacy and safety of valproic acid in dementia: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2020;89: 104091.","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"issue":"10","key":"2227_CR99","volume":"10","author":"SF Baillon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Baillon SF, Narayana U, Luxenberg JS, Clifton AV. Valproate preparations for agitation in dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;10(10): Cd003945.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"2227_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1097\/00019442-199700540-00010","volume":"5","author":"AP Porsteinsson","year":"1997","unstructured":"Porsteinsson AP, Tariot PN, Erb R, Gaile S. An open trial of valproate for agitation in geriatric neuropsychiatric disorders. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 1997;5(4):344\u201351.","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"2227_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1097\/00019442-200307000-00006","volume":"11","author":"AP Porsteinsson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Porsteinsson AP, Tariot PN, Jakimovich LJ, Kowalski N, Holt C, Erb R, et al. Valproate therapy for agitation in dementia: open-label extension of a double-blind trial. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2003;11(4):434\u201340.","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"2227_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.2174\/156720505774932205","volume":"2","author":"L Profenno","year":"2005","unstructured":"Profenno L, Jakimovich L, Holt C, Porsteinsson A, Tariot P. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial of safety and tolerability of two doses of divalproex sodium in outpatients with probable Alzheimers disease. Curr Alzheimer Res. 2005;2(5):553\u20138.","journal-title":"Curr Alzheimer Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"2227_CR103","first-page":"942","volume":"13","author":"PN Tariot","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tariot PN. Divalproex sodium in nursing home residents with possible or probable Alzheimer disease complicated by agitation: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2005;13(11):942\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"2227_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.72","volume":"68","author":"PN Tariot","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tariot PN. Chronic divalproex sodium to attenuate agitation and clinical progression of Alzheimer disease. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2011;68(8):853.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"2227_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1159\/000097757","volume":"23","author":"N Herrmann","year":"2007","unstructured":"Herrmann N, Lanct\u00f4t KL, Rothenburg LS, Eryavec G. A placebo-controlled trial of valproate for agitation and aggression in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2007;23(2):116\u20139.","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"2227_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pra.0000367781.26507.86","volume":"16","author":"C Dolder","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dolder C, Mckinsey J. Low-dose divalproex in agitated patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Psychiatr Pract. 2010;16(1):63\u20137.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"2227_CR107","first-page":"115","volume":"51","author":"RP Gleason","year":"1990","unstructured":"Gleason RP, Schneider LS. Carbamazepine treatment of agitation in Alzheimer\u2019s outpatients refractory to neuroleptics. J Clin Psychiatry. 1990;51(3):115\u20138.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"2227_CR108","first-page":"354","volume":"56","author":"MR Lemke","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lemke MR. Effect of carbamazepine on agitation in Alzheimer\u2019s inpatients refractory to neuroleptics. J Clin Psychiatry. 1995;56(8):354\u20137.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"2227_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1097\/00019442-200111000-00008","volume":"9","author":"JT Olin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Olin JT, Fox LS, Pawluczyk S, Taggart NA, Schneider LS. A pilot randomized trial of carbamazepine for behavioral symptoms in treatment-resistant outpatients with Alzheimer disease. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2001;9(4):400\u20135.","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"2227_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.1.54","volume":"155","author":"PN Tariot","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tariot PN, Erb R, Podgorski CA, Cox C, Patel S, Jakimovich L, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of carbamazepine for agitation and aggression in dementia. Am J Psychiatry. 1998;155(1):54\u201361.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"2227_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1159\/000199236","volume":"27","author":"OH Sommer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sommer OH, Aga O, Cvancarova M, Olsen IC, Selbaek G, Engedal K. Effect of oxcarbazepine in the treatment of agitation and aggression in severe dementia. Dementia Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2009;27(2):155\u201363.","journal-title":"Dementia Geriatr Cogn Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"2227_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e3181ca0c59","volume":"30","author":"A Mowla","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mowla A, Pani A. Comparison of topiramate and risperidone for the treatment of behavioral disturbances of patients with Alzheimer disease: a double-blind, randomized clinical trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2010;30(1):40\u20133.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2227_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610203009554","volume":"15","author":"B Fhager","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fhager B, Meiri I-M, Sj\u00f6gren M, Edman A. Treatment of aggressive behavior in dementia with the anticonvulsant topiramate: a retrospective pilot study. Int Psychogeriatr. 2003;15(3):307\u20139.","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"issue":"9","key":"2227_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3626","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-023-02586-y","volume":"40","author":"NZ Pearl","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pearl NZ, Babin CP, Catalano NT, Blake JC, Ahmadzadeh S, Shekoohi S, et al. Narrative review of topiramate: clinical uses and pharmacological considerations. Adv Ther. 2023;40(9):3626\u201338.","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"key":"2227_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S3785","volume":"5","author":"BR Sommer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sommer BR, Fenn HH. Review of topiramate for the treatment of epilepsy in elderly patients. Clin Interv Aging. 2010;5:89\u201399.","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"issue":"12","key":"2227_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.10214","volume":"314","author":"JL Cummings","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cummings JL, Lyketsos CG, Peskind ER, Porsteinsson AP, Mintzer JE, Scharre DW, et al. Effect of dextromethorphan-quinidine on agitation in patients with Alzheimer disease dementia: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2015;314(12):1242.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"2227_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(96)00346-9","volume":"309","author":"H Kamei","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kamei H, Kameyama T, Nabeshima T. (+)-SKF-10,047 and dextromethorphan ameliorate conditioned fear stress via dopaminergic systems linked to phenytoin-regulated \u03c31 sites. Eur J Pharmacol. 1996;309(2):149\u201358.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2227_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1080\/13543784.2017.1267726","volume":"26","author":"RP Garay","year":"2017","unstructured":"Garay RP, Grossberg GT. AVP-786 for the treatment of agitation in dementia of the Alzheimer\u2019s type. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2017;26(1):121\u201332.","journal-title":"Expert Opin Investig Drugs"},{"key":"2227_CR119","unstructured":"DRUGS@FDA: FDA-approved drugs FDA; [cited 2025 Jul 3]. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/scripts\/cder\/daf\/index.cfm?event=overview.process&varApplNo=021879."},{"issue":"4","key":"2227_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.9758\/cpn.23.1081","volume":"21","author":"B McCarthy","year":"2023","unstructured":"McCarthy B, Bunn H, Santalucia M, Wilmouth C, Muzyk A, Smith CM. Dextromethorphan-bupropion (Auvelity) for the treatment of major depressive disorder. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci. 2023;21(4):609\u201316.","journal-title":"Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci"},{"issue":"7_supplement_1","key":"2227_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5194","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL-.0000000000205634","volume":"102","author":"J Cummings","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cummings J, Grossberg G, Andersson C, Streicher C, Tabuteau H. Efficacy and safety of AXS-05 in agitation associated with Alzheimer\u2019s disease: results from ACCORD, a phase 3, double-blind, placebo-controlled, relapse prevention trial (PL5.004). Neurology. 2024;102(7_supplement_1):5194.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2227_CR122","unstructured":"AXS-05 Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Agitation Phase 3 Clinical Program [press release]. https:\/\/axsometherapeuticsinc.gcs-web.com\/static-files\/66e4e970-8ad7-4ff1-85c5-93b3b3cc9ee5. Accessed 30 Dec 2024."},{"issue":"2","key":"2227_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.9758\/cpn.2023.21.2.215","volume":"21","author":"CM Smith","year":"2023","unstructured":"Smith CM, Santalucia M, Bunn H, Muzyk A. Sublingual dexmedetomidine for the treatment of agitation in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci. 2023;21(2):215\u201321.","journal-title":"Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci"},{"key":"2227_CR124","unstructured":"Phase 1b\/2 TRANQUILITY Trial \u2013 Program Update [press release]. https:\/\/ir.bioxceltherapeutics.com\/static-files\/8b060a2c-6063-4419-891d-49263640fecb: Bioxcel Therapeutics. Accessed 3 Mar 2021."},{"key":"2227_CR125","unstructured":"Acute Treatment of Agitation in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: TRANQUILITY II Summary [press release]. https:\/\/ir.bioxceltherapeutics.com\/static-files\/090fcc83-fd5d-4ddf-804a-501f874666c8. Accessed 29 Jun 2023."},{"key":"2227_CR126","unstructured":"Acute Treatment of Agitation Associated with Alzheimer\u2019s Dementia (AAD): TRANQUILITY Program [press release]. https:\/\/ir.bioxceltherapeutics.com\/static-files\/f1b3e7f8-1add-4696-8d31-58b9da9ed1c0. Accessed 10 Apr 2024."},{"issue":"1","key":"2227_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/trc2.12307","volume":"8","author":"R Nirogi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nirogi R, Ieni J, Goyal VK, Ravula J, Jetta S, Shinde A, et al. Effect of masupirdine (SUVN-502) on cognition in patients with moderate Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a randomized, double-blind, phase 2, proof-of-concept study. Alzheimers Dement (N Y). 2022;8(1): e12307.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement (N Y)"},{"issue":"10","key":"2227_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5813","volume":"37","author":"R Nirogi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nirogi R, Jayarajan P, Benade V, Shinde A, Goyal VK, Jetta S, et al. Potential beneficial effects of masupirdine (SUVN-502) on agitation\/aggression and psychosis in patients with moderate Alzheimer\u2019s disease: exploratory post hoc analyses. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2022;37(10): gps.5813.","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"2227_CR129","unstructured":"A phase 3, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group, multicenter study to evaluate the efficacy, safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of masupirdine (SUVN-502) for the treatment of agitation in participants with dementia of the Alzheimer\u2019s type [Internet]. 2022. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT05397639."},{"issue":"1","key":"2227_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-022-02459-1","volume":"20","author":"A Bilbao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bilbao A, Spanagel R. Medical cannabinoids: a pharmacology-based systematic review and meta-analysis for all relevant medical indications. BMC Med. 2022;20(1): 259.","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"2227_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2019.05.014","volume":"27","author":"P Rosenberg","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rosenberg P, Outen J, Amjad H, Burhanullah M, Vandrey R, Monette P, et al. Tetrahydrocannabinol has potential for treating agitation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2019;27(11):1174\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"2227_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2021.01.015","volume":"29","author":"JD Outen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Outen JD, Burhanullah MH, Vandrey R, Amjad H, Harper DG, Patrick RE, et al. Cannabinoids for agitation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2021;29(12):1253\u201363.","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"2227_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2011.11.004","volume":"60","author":"S Farkas","year":"2012","unstructured":"Farkas S, Nagy K, Palkovits M, Kov\u00e1cs GG, Jia Z, Donohue S, et al. [125I]SD-7015 reveals fine modalities of CB1 cannabinoid receptor density in the prefrontal cortex during progression of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neurochem Int. 2012;60(3):286\u201391.","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"2227_CR134","volume":"9","author":"D Bosnjak Kuharic","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bosnjak Kuharic D, Markovic D, Brkovic T, Jeric Kegalj M, Rubic Z, Vuica Vukasovic A, et al. Cannabinoids for the treatment of dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;9(9): Cd012820.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2227_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aso E, Ferrer I. Cannabinoids for treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: moving toward the clinic. Front Pharmacol. 2014;5:4-5.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2014.00037"},{"issue":"8","key":"2227_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2647","DOI":"10.3390\/ph3082647","volume":"3","author":"M Jenny","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jenny M, Schr\u00f6cksnadel S, \u00dcberall F, Fuchs D. The potential role of cannabinoids in modulating serotonergic signaling by their influence on tryptophan metabolism. Pharmaceuticals. 2010;3(8):2647\u201360.","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"2227_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eubanks LM, Rogers CJ, Beuscher, Koob GF, Olson AJ, Dickerson TJ, et al. A molecular link between the active component of marijuana and Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology. Mol Pharm. 2006;3(6):773\u20137.","DOI":"10.1021\/mp060066m"},{"issue":"4","key":"2227_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2012.11.022","volume":"22","author":"MR Woodward","year":"2014","unstructured":"Woodward MR, Harper DG, Stolyar A, Forester BP, Ellison JM. Dronabinol for the treatment of agitation and aggressive behavior in acutely hospitalized severely demented patients with noncognitive behavioral symptoms. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2014;22(4):415\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"2227_CR139","first-page":"53","volume":"1","author":"B Palmieri","year":"2023","unstructured":"Palmieri B, Vadal\u00e0 M. Oral THC: CBD cannabis extract in main symptoms of Alzheimer disease: agitation and weight loss. Clin Ter. 2023;1:53\u201360.","journal-title":"Clin Ter"},{"issue":"11","key":"2227_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2019.05.002","volume":"27","author":"N Herrmann","year":"2019","unstructured":"Herrmann N, Ruthirakuhan M, Gallagher D, Verhoeff NPLG, Kiss A, Black SE, et al. Randomized placebo-controlled trial of nabilone for agitation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2019;27(11):1161\u201373.","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"2227_CR141","unstructured":"Nabilone for agitation blinded intervention trial [Internet]. 2020. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT04516057."},{"key":"2227_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.18r12617","author":"M Ruthirakuhan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ruthirakuhan M, Lanct\u00f4t KL, Vieira D, Herrmann N. Natural and synthetic cannabinoids for agitation and aggression in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a meta-analysis. J Clin Psychiatry. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4088\/JCP.18r12617.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"2227_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2019.03.006","volume":"180","author":"AK Andrade","year":"2019","unstructured":"Andrade AK, Renda B, Murray JE. Cannabinoids, interoception, and anxiety. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2019;180:60\u201373.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"2227_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.03.030","volume":"177","author":"E Childs","year":"2017","unstructured":"Childs E, Lutz JA, de Wit H. Dose-related effects of delta-9-THC on emotional responses to acute psychosocial stress. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2017;177:136\u201344.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"9","key":"2227_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e3181ab8c61","volume":"17","author":"LY Wang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wang LY, Shofer JB, Rohde K, Hart KL, Hoff DJ, McFall YH, et al. Prazosin for the treatment of behavioral symptoms in patients with Alzheimer disease with agitation and aggression. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2009;17(9):744\u201351.","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"S21","key":"2227_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.078457","volume":"19","author":"ER Peskind","year":"2023","unstructured":"Peskind ER. Prazosin for agitation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: PEACE-AD. Alzheimers Dement. 2023;19(S21): e078457.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2227_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s002280050067","volume":"50","author":"E Andros","year":"1996","unstructured":"Andros E, Detmar-Hanna D, Suteparuk S, Gal J, Gerber JG. The effect of aging on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of prazosin. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1996;50(1\u20132):41\u20136.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2227_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13844","volume":"85","author":"T Supasitthumrong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Supasitthumrong T, Bolea-Alamanac BM, Asmer S, Woo VL, Abdool PS, Davies SJC. Gabapentin and pregabalin to treat aggressivity in dementia: a systematic review and illustrative case report. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2019;85(4):690\u2013703.","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2227_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.3928\/19404921-20200918-01","volume":"13","author":"K Richards","year":"2020","unstructured":"Richards K, Morrison J, Wang Y-y, Rangel A, Loera A, Hanlon A, et al. Nighttime agitation and restless legs syndrome in persons with Alzheimer\u2019s disease: study protocol for a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial (NightRest). Res Gerontol Nurs. 2020;13(6):280\u20138.","journal-title":"Res Gerontol Nurs"},{"key":"2227_CR150","unstructured":"Richards K. Nighttime agitation and restless legs syndrome in people with Alzheimer\u2019s disease 2017 [cited 2025]. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT03082755."},{"issue":"1","key":"2227_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2013.11.008","volume":"11","author":"DB Henley","year":"2015","unstructured":"Henley DB, Sundell KL, Sethuraman G, Schneider LS. Adverse events and dropouts in Alzheimer\u2019s disease studies: what can we learn? Alzheimers Dement. 2015;11(1):24\u201331.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"1","key":"2227_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-023-01352-0","volume":"15","author":"M Ritchie","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ritchie M, Gillen DL, Grill JD. Estimating attrition in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer\u2019s disease and mild cognitive impairment clinical trials. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2023;15(1): 203.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"2227_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14834","volume":"65","author":"CRL Beishuizen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Beishuizen CRL, Coley N, Moll van Charante EP, van Gool WA, Richard E, Andrieu S. Determinants of dropout and nonadherence in a dementia prevention randomized controlled trial: the prevention of dementia by intensive vascular care trial. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2017;65(7):1505\u201313.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"}],"container-title":["Drugs"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40265-025-02227-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40265-025-02227-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40265-025-02227-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T06:03:43Z","timestamp":1761717823000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40265-025-02227-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]]},"references-count":153,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["2227"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40265-025-02227-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-6667","1179-1950"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-6667","type":"print"},{"value":"1179-1950","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 August 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 September 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This research was conducted without any external funding. The authors did not receive specific grants from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors to support this work.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Funding"}},{"value":"Dr. Grossberg has served as a consultant for Acadia, Alkahest, Allergan, Avanir, Axovant, Axsome, Biogen, Bioxcel, BMS, Eisai, GE, Genentech, Karuna, Lilly, Lundbeck, Maplight Therapeutics, Novartis, Otsuka, Roche, and Takeda. He has also received research support from BMS, and the NIH. The other authors deny any conflicts of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Availability of data and material"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Code availability"}},{"value":"Charles Smoller performed the literature review, wrote multiple drafts, created the final works cited, and addressed reviewer concerns in the resubmission. Bret David Silverglate performed preliminary research, drafted the structure, wrote the preliminary draft and helped edit, revise and create the preliminary works cited. Emily Schiller helped perform the preliminary research, drafted the structure, and wrote the draft. Kyla Yamashita helped perform the preliminary research, drafted the structure, and wrote the draft. George Grossberg drafted the structure, assisted with draft editing, and finalized responses to reviewer concerns in the resubmission. All authors have read and approve the final version of the manuscript and agree to be accountable for the work.","order":9,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Author contributions"}}]}}