{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T10:28:10Z","timestamp":1766399290660,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,24]],"date-time":"2019-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548288000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"Vietnam International Education Cooperation Development"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Drugs Aging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-019-00637-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,24]],"date-time":"2019-01-24T15:50:33Z","timestamp":1548345033000},"page":"355-369","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Interventions to Improve Antimicrobial Stewardship for Older People in Care Homes: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7192-5145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hoa Q.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael M.","family":"Tunney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmel M.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"637_CR1","unstructured":"United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World Population Ageing; 2015. \n                              http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/development\/desa\/population\/publications\/pdf\/ageing\/WPA2015_Report.pdf\n                              \n                           . Accessed 31 Aug 2018."},{"issue":"7","key":"637_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr183","volume":"66","author":"P McClean","year":"2011","unstructured":"McClean P, Hughes C, Tunney M, Goossens H, Jans B. Antimicrobial prescribing in European nursing homes. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011;66(7):1609\u201316.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"637_CR3","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Point prevalence survey of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use in European long-term care facilities. April\u2013May 2013. Stockholm; 2014. \n                              https:\/\/ecdc.europa.eu\/sites\/portal\/files\/media\/en\/publications\/Publications\/healthcare-associated-infections-point-prevalence-survey-long-term-care-facilities-2013.pdf\n                              \n                           . Accessed 31 Aug 2018."},{"issue":"10","key":"637_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.2012.02796.x","volume":"42","author":"RL Stuart","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stuart RL, Wilson J, Bellaard-Smith E, et al. Antibiotic use and misuse in residential aged care facilities. Intern Med J. 2012;42(10):1145\u20139.","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"issue":"7","key":"637_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks085","volume":"67","author":"P McClean","year":"2012","unstructured":"McClean P, Tunney M, Gilpin D, Parsons C, Hughes C. Antimicrobial prescribing in residential homes. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2012;67(7):1781\u201390.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"6","key":"637_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2012.04.004","volume":"13","author":"LW Buul Van","year":"2012","unstructured":"Van Buul LW, Van der Steen JT, Veenhuizen RB, et al. Antibiotic use and resistance in long term care facilities. J Am Med Direct Assoc. 2012;13(6):568.e1\u201313. \n                              https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamda.2012.04.004\n                              \n                           .","journal-title":"J Am Med Direct Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"637_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2014.10.003","volume":"16","author":"LW Buul Van","year":"2015","unstructured":"Van Buul LW, Veenhuizen RB, Achterberg WP, et al. Antibiotic prescribing in Dutch nursing homes: how appropriate is it? J Am Med Direct Assoc. 2015;16(3):229\u201337.","journal-title":"J Am Med Direct Assoc"},{"key":"637_CR8","first-page":"165","volume":"9","author":"CJ Lim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lim CJ, Kong DC, Stuart RL. Reducing inappropriate antibiotic prescribing in the residential care setting: current perspectives. Clin Interv Aging. 2014;9:165\u201377.","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"issue":"2","key":"637_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12099","volume":"61","author":"EP Peron","year":"2013","unstructured":"Peron EP, Hirsch AA, Jury LA, Jump RL, Donskey CJ. Another setting for stewardship: high rate of unnecessary antimicrobial use in a veterans affairs long-term care facility. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2013;61(2):289\u201390.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"637_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-015-0073-5","volume":"15","author":"P-D Sundvall","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sundvall P-D, Stuart B, Davis M, Roderick P, Moore M. Antibiotic use in the care home setting: a retrospective cohort study analysing routine data. BMC Geriatr. 2015;15(1):71.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"637_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2014.09.011","volume":"21","author":"A Corsonello","year":"2015","unstructured":"Corsonello A, Abbatecola AM, Fusco S, et al. The impact of drug interactions and polypharmacy on antimicrobial therapy in the elderly. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2015;21(1):20\u20136.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"3","key":"637_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gerinurse.2007.02.003","volume":"28","author":"KR Fletcher","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fletcher KR, Cinalli M. Identification, optimal management, and infection control measures for Clostridium difficile-associated disease in long-term care. Geriatr Nurs (Minneap). 2007;28(3):171\u201381.","journal-title":"Geriatr Nurs (Minneap)"},{"key":"637_CR13","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global action plan on antimicrobial resistance; 2015. \n                              http:\/\/www.wpro.who.int\/entity\/drug_resistance\/resources\/global_action_plan_eng.pdf\n                              \n                           . Accessed 31 Aug 2018."},{"key":"637_CR14","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Antimicrobial resistance: global report on surveillance; 2014. \n                              http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/112642\/1\/9789241564748_eng.pdf?ua=1\n                              \n                           . Accessed 31 Aug 2018."},{"issue":"9","key":"637_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1086\/592416","volume":"29","author":"PW Smith","year":"2008","unstructured":"Smith PW, Bennett G, Bradley S, et al. SHEA\/APIC guideline: infection prevention and control in the long-term care facility. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2008;29(9):785\u2013814.","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"issue":"04","key":"637_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1086\/665010","volume":"33","author":"N Fishman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fishman N. Policy Statement on Antimicrobial Stewardship by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA), the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (PIDS). Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2012;33(04):322\u20137.","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"637_CR17","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Antimicrobial stewardship\u202f: systems and processes for effective antimicrobial medicine use, NICE guideline [NG15]; 2015. \n                              https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng15\/resources\/antimicrobial-stewardship-systems-and-processes-for-effective-antimicrobial-medicine-use-1837273110469\n                              \n                           . Accessed 31 Aug 2018."},{"issue":"2","key":"637_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2014.01.001","volume":"28","author":"SM Rhee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rhee SM, Stone ND. Antimicrobial stewardship in long-term care facilities. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2014;28(2):237\u201346.","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"issue":"10","key":"637_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw217","volume":"62","author":"TF Barlam","year":"2016","unstructured":"Barlam TF, Cosgrove SE, Abbo LM, et al. Executive summary: implementing an antibiotic stewardship program: guidelines by the infectious diseases society of America and the society for healthcare epidemiology of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;62(10):1197\u2013202.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"637_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-013-0066-z","volume":"30","author":"A Fleming","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fleming A, Browne J, Byrne S. The effect of interventions to reduce potentially inappropriate antibiotic prescribing in long-term care facilities: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Drugs Aging. 2013;30(6):401\u20138.","journal-title":"Drugs Aging."},{"issue":"2","key":"637_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.06.019","volume":"19","author":"D Feldstein","year":"2018","unstructured":"Feldstein D, Sloane PD, Feltner C. Antibiotic stewardship programs in nursing homes: a systematic review. J Am Med Direct Assoc. 2018;19(2):110\u20136.","journal-title":"J Am Med Direct Assoc"},{"key":"637_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0188-6","volume":"5","author":"M Clarke","year":"2016","unstructured":"Clarke M, Williamson PR. Core outcome sets and systematic reviews. Syst Rev. 2016;5:11.","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"637_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13197","volume":"83","author":"JB Beuscart","year":"2017","unstructured":"Beuscart JB, Pont LG, Thevelin S, et al. A systematic review of the outcomes reported in trials of medication review in older patients: the need for a core outcome set. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2017;83(5):942\u201352.","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"7","key":"637_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000097","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","volume":"6","author":"D Moher","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med. 2009;6(7):e1000097. \n                              https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097\n                              \n                           .","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"637_CR25","unstructured":"Nguyen H, Hughes C, Tunney M. Interventions to improve antimicrobial stewardship for older people in care homes. PROSPERO 2017 CRD42017070116; 2017. \n                              http:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/PROSPERO\/display_record.php?ID=CRD42017070116\n                              \n                           . Accessed 31 Aug 2018."},{"key":"637_CR26","unstructured":"Rodrigues R, Huber M, Lamura G, editors. Facts and figures on healthy ageing and long-term care. Vienna: European Centre for Social Welfare Policy and Research; 2012. \n                              https:\/\/www.euro.centre.org\/downloads\/detail\/3059\n                              \n                           . Accessed 31 Aug 2018."},{"key":"637_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD003543","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003543.pub4","volume":"2","author":"P Davey","year":"2017","unstructured":"Davey P, Marwick C, Scott C, et al. Interventions to improve antibiotic prescribing practices for hospital inpatients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;2:CD003543. \n                              https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD003543.pub4\n                              \n                           .","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"637_CR28","unstructured":"Higgins J, Altman D, Sterne J. Assessing risk of bias in included studies, chapter 8. In: Higgins JPT, Green S, editors. Cochrane Handb Syst Rev Interv; 2011. \n                              http:\/\/handbook-5-1.cochrane.org\/\n                              \n                           . Accessed 31 Aug 2018."},{"key":"637_CR29","unstructured":"Effective Practice and Organisation of Care (EPOC). Suggested risk of bias criteria for EPOC reviews. EPOC Resources for review authors. Oslo: Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services; 2016. \n                              http:\/\/epoc.cochrane.org\/resources\/epoc-resources-review-authors\n                              \n                           . Accessed 31 Aug 2018."},{"issue":"8","key":"637_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2001.49203.x","volume":"49","author":"B Naughton","year":"2001","unstructured":"Naughton B, Mylotte J, Ramadan F, Karuza J, Priore R. Antibiotic use, hospital admissions, and mortality before and after implementing guidelines for nursing home-acquired pneumonia. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2001;49(8):1020\u20134.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"7518","key":"637_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38602.586343.55","volume":"331","author":"M Loeb","year":"2005","unstructured":"Loeb M, Brazil K, Lohfeld L, et al. Effect of a multifaceted intervention on number of antimicrobial prescriptions for suspected urinary tract infections in residents of nursing homes: cluster randomised controlled trial. Br Med J. 2005;331(7518):669\u201372.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"issue":"8","key":"637_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2007.01250.x","volume":"55","author":"J Monette","year":"2007","unstructured":"Monette J, Miller MA, Monette M, et al. Effect of an educational intervention on optimizing antibiotic prescribing in long-term care facilities. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2007;55(8):1231\u20135.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"11","key":"637_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2659","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr312","volume":"66","author":"E Pettersson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pettersson E, Vernby \u00c5, M\u00f6lstad S, Lundborg CS. Can a multifaceted educational intervention targeting both nurses and physicians change the prescribing of antibiotics to nursing home residents? A cluster randomized controlled trial. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011;66(11):2659\u201366.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"8","key":"637_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dku115","volume":"69","author":"E Fleet","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fleet E, Rao GG, Patel B, et al. Impact of implementation of a novel antimicrobial stewardship tool on antibiotic use in nursing homes: a prospective cluster randomized control pilot study. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2014;69(8):2265\u201373.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"637_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2000.tb03034.x","volume":"48","author":"B Naughton","year":"2000","unstructured":"Naughton B, Mylotte J. Treatment guideline for nursing home-acquired pneumonia based on community practice. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2000;48:82\u20138.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"637_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-13-120","volume":"13","author":"NM Ivers","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ivers NM, Halperin IJ, Barnsley J, et al. Allocation techniques for balance at baseline in cluster randomized trials: a methodological review. Trials. 2012;13:1\u20139.","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"637_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-015-0520-3","volume":"13","author":"CW Jones","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jones CW, Keil LG, Holland WC, Caughey MC, Platts-Mills TF. Comparison of registered and published outcomes in randomized controlled trials: a systematic review. BMC Med. 2015;13:282.","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"637_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"j408","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j408","volume":"356","author":"JP Ioannidis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ioannidis JP, Caplan AL, Dal-R\u00e9 R. Outcome reporting bias in clinical trials: why monitoring matters. BMJ. 2017;356:j408. \n                              https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.j408\n                              \n                           .","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"9","key":"637_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1232","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2017.203","volume":"7","author":"M Lancee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lancee M, Lemmens CMC, Kahn RS, Vinkers CH, Luykx JJ. Outcome reporting bias in randomized-controlled trials investigating antipsychotic drugs. Transl Psychiatry. 2017;7(9):e1232. \n                              https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/tp.2017.203\n                              \n                           .","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"637_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"c7153","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c7153","volume":"342","author":"RMD Smyth","year":"2011","unstructured":"Smyth RMD, Kirkham JJ, Jacoby A, Altman DG, Gamble C, Williamson PR. Frequency and reasons for outcome reporting bias in clinical trials: interviews with trialists. BMJ. 2011;342:c7153. \n                              https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.c7153\n                              \n                           .","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"issue":"6","key":"637_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.2217\/ahe.11.80","volume":"7","author":"A Montoya","year":"2011","unstructured":"Montoya A, Mody L. Common infections in nursing homes: a review of current issues and challenges. Aging Health. 2011;7(6):889\u201399.","journal-title":"Aging Health"},{"key":"637_CR42","first-page":"1199","volume":"8","author":"A Flevari","year":"2013","unstructured":"Flevari A, Theodorakopoulou M, Velegraki A, Armaganidis A, Dimopoulos G. Treatment of invasive candidiasis in the elderly: a review. Clin Interv Aging. 2013;8:1199\u2013208.","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"issue":"8","key":"637_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2015.04.015","volume":"16","author":"SFK Lubeek","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lubeek SFK, van der Geer ER, van Gelder MMHJ, Koopmans RTCM, van de Kerkhof PCM, Gerritsen MJP. Current dermatologic care in Dutch nursing homes and possible improvements: a nationwide survey. J Am Med Direct Assoc. 2015;16(8):714.e1\u20136. \n                              https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamda.2015.04.015\n                              \n                           .","journal-title":"J Am Med Direct Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"637_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/ijos.2016.3","volume":"8","author":"Y-C Jiang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jiang Y-C, Feng H, Lin Y-C, Guo X-R. New strategies against drug resistance to herpes simplex virus. Int J Oral Sci. 2016;8(1):1\u20136.","journal-title":"Int J Oral Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"637_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4929","DOI":"10.3390\/v7092850","volume":"7","author":"TCM Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li TCM, Chan MCW, Lee N. Clinical implications of antiviral resistance in influenza. Viruses. 2015;7(9):4929\u201344.","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"637_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S124918","volume":"10","author":"N Wiederhold","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wiederhold N. Antifungal resistance: current trends and future strategies to combat. Infect Drug Resist. 2017;10:249\u201359.","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"issue":"6","key":"637_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1086\/653072","volume":"31","author":"AL Pakyz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pakyz AL, Dwyer LL. Prevalence of antimicrobial use among united states nursing home residents: results from a national survey. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2010;31(6):661\u20132.","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"637_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00001-13","volume":"26","author":"V Schechner","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schechner V, Temkin E, Harbarth S, Carmeli Y, Schwaber MJ. Epidemiological interpretation of studies examining the effect of antibiotic usage on resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2013;26(2):289\u2013307.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"637_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2016.1178064","volume":"14","author":"J-WH Dik","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dik J-WH, Hendrix R, Poelman R, et al. Measuring the impact of antimicrobial stewardship programs. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther Internet. 2016;14(6):569\u201375.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther Internet"},{"issue":"S3","key":"637_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S112","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu546","volume":"59","author":"ES Dodds Ashley","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dodds Ashley ES, Kaye KS, DePestel DD, Hermsen ED. Antimicrobial stewardship: philosophy versus practice. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;59(S3):S112\u201321.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"04","key":"637_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1086\/664755","volume":"33","author":"JE McGowan","year":"2012","unstructured":"McGowan JE. Antimicrobial stewardship\u2014the state of the art in 2011 focus on outcome and methods. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2012;33(04):331\u20137.","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"issue":"13","key":"637_CR52","first-page":"1","volume":"14","author":"BG Bell","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bell BG, Schellevis F, Stobberingh E, Goossens H, Pringle M. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of antibiotic consumption on antibiotic resistance. BMC Infect Dis. 2014;14(13):1\u201325.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"637_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1086\/511649","volume":"44","author":"DL Monnet","year":"2007","unstructured":"Monnet DL. Measuring antimicrobial use: the way forward. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44(5):671\u20133.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"637_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2921","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx220","volume":"72","author":"MDJ Neilly","year":"2017","unstructured":"Neilly MDJ, Guthrie B, Santiago VH, Vadiveloo T, Donnan PT, Marwick CA. Has primary care antimicrobial use really been increasing? Comparison of changes in different prescribing measures for a complete geographic population 1995\u20132014. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2017;72:2921\u201330.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"5","key":"637_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1086\/511640","volume":"44","author":"RE Polk","year":"2007","unstructured":"Polk RE, Fox C, Mahoney A, Letcavage J, MacDougall C. Measurement of adult antibacterial drug use in 130 US hospitals: comparison of defined daily dose and days of therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44(5):664\u201370.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"637_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"c2096","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c2096","volume":"340","author":"C Costelleo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Costelleo C, Metcalfe C, Lovering A, Mant D, Hay AD. Effect of antibiotic prescribing in primary care on antimicrobial resistance in individual patients: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2010;340:c2096. \n                              https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.c2096\n                              \n                           .","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"5","key":"637_CR57","first-page":"337","volume":"223","author":"MJ Llewelyn","year":"2017","unstructured":"Llewelyn MJ, Darwin E, Tonkin-Crine S, et al. The antibiotic course has had its day. Br Dent J. 2017;223(5):337.","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"issue":"2","key":"637_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2008.03306.x","volume":"67","author":"ME Falagas","year":"2009","unstructured":"Falagas ME, Karageorgopoulos DE, Grammatikos AP, Matthaiou DK. Effectiveness and safety of short vs. long duration of antibiotic therapy for acute bacterial sinusitis: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2009;67(2):161\u201371.","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"13","key":"637_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200868130-00004","volume":"68","author":"G Dimopoulos","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dimopoulos G, Matthaiou DK, Karageorgopoulos DE, Grammatikos AP, Athanassa Z, Falagas ME. Short- versus long-course antibacterial therapy for community-acquired pneumonia: a meta-analysis. Drugs. 2008;68(13):1841\u201354.","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"3","key":"637_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw787","volume":"64","author":"RW Moehring","year":"2017","unstructured":"Moehring RW, Anderson DJ, Cochran RL, Hicks LA, Srinivasan A, Ashley ESD. Expert consensus on metrics to assess the impact of patient-level antimicrobial stewardship interventions in acute-care settings. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;64(3):377\u201383.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"637_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s40506-014-0015-3","volume":"6","author":"AM Morris","year":"2014","unstructured":"Morris AM. Antimicrobial stewardship programs: appropriate measures and metrics to study their impact. Curr Treat Options Infect Dis. 2014;6(2):101\u201312.","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Infect Dis"},{"key":"637_CR62","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Antimicrobial stewardship: prescribing antibiotics, key therapeutic topic [KTT9] [Internet]; 2015. \n                              https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/advice\/ktt9\/resources\/antimicrobial-stewardship-prescribing-antibiotics-1632178559941\n                              \n                           . Accessed 31 Aug 2018."},{"key":"637_CR63","unstructured":"Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics and Policy. State of the world\u2019s antibiotics, 2015. Washington, DC: CDDEP; 2015. \n                              https:\/\/www.cddep.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/swa_executive_summary_edits_2016.pdf\n                              \n                           . Accessed 31 Aug 2018."},{"issue":"S3","key":"637_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-017-1978-4","volume":"18","author":"PR Williamson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Williamson PR, Altman DG, Bagley H, et al. The COMET handbook: version 1.0. Trials. 2017;18(S3):280.","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"637_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-13-132","volume":"13","author":"PR Williamson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Williamson PR, Altman DG, Blazeby JM, et al. Developing core outcome sets for clinical trials: issues to consider. Trials. 2012;13:132.","journal-title":"Trials"}],"container-title":["Drugs &amp; Aging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40266-019-00637-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40266-019-00637-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40266-019-00637-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,23]],"date-time":"2020-01-23T19:20:21Z","timestamp":1579807221000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40266-019-00637-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,24]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}},"alternative-id":["637"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40266-019-00637-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1170-229X","1179-1969"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1170-229X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1179-1969"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 January 2019","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"As this was a systematic review, ethical approval to conduct the study was not required.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Hoa Nguyen, Michael Tunney, and Carmel Hughes have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this article.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Hoa Nguyen is supported by a PhD research scholarship from the Vietnam International Education Cooperation Development in Vietnam. The funder played no role in the design, analysis, or conduct of the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Funding"}}]}}