{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T19:44:19Z","timestamp":1765827859529,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,10]],"date-time":"2020-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578614400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,10]],"date-time":"2020-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578614400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008303","name":"Department for Employment and Learning, Northern Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008303","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Drugs Aging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-019-00735-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,10]],"date-time":"2020-01-10T05:22:13Z","timestamp":1578633733000},"page":"205-213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The Association Between Drug Burden Index (DBI) and Health-Related Outcomes: A Longitudinal Study of the \u2018Oldest Old\u2019 (LiLACS NZ)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5909-7439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen","family":"Cardwell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ngaire","family":"Kerse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Crist\u00edn","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Teh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon A.","family":"Moyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Menzies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Rolleston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Broad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmel M.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"735_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1177\/2042098613500689","volume":"4","author":"CV Bostock","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bostock CV, Soiza RL, Mangoni AA. Associations between different measures of anticholinergic drug exposure and Barthel Index in older hospitalized patients. Ther Adv Drug Saf. 2013;4:235\u201345.","journal-title":"Ther Adv Drug Saf."},{"key":"735_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-013-0063-2","volume":"30","author":"P Lampela","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lampela P, Lavikainen P, Garcia-Horsman JA, Bell JS, Huupponen R, Hartikainen S. Anticholinergic drug use, serum anticholinergic activity, and adverse drug events among older people: a population-based study. Drugs Aging. 2013;30:321\u201330.","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"735_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2011.03386.x","volume":"59","author":"NM Wilson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wilson NM, Hilmer SN, March LM, Cameron ID, Lord SR, Seibel MJ, et al. Associations between Drug Burden Index and falls in older people in residential aged care. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011;59:875\u201380.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"735_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.161.8.1099","volume":"161","author":"L Han","year":"2001","unstructured":"Han L, McCusker J, Cole M, Abrahamowicz M, Primeau F, Elie M. Use of medications with anticholinergic effect predicts clinical severity of delirium symptoms in older medical inpatients. Arch Intern Med. 2001;161:1099\u2013103.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"735_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2011.03.006","volume":"12","author":"E Lowry","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lowry E, Woodman RJ, Soiza RL, Mangoni AA. Associations between the anticholinergic risk scale score and physical function: potential implications for adverse outcomes in older hospitalized patients. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2011;12:565\u201372.","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc."},{"key":"735_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270010368410","volume":"51","author":"EK Kumpula","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kumpula EK, Bell JS, Soini H, Pitk\u00e4l\u00e4 KH. Anticholinergic drug use and mortality among residents of long-term care facilities: a prospective cohort study. J Clin Pharmacol. 2011;51:256\u201363.","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"735_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2019.0677","volume":"179","author":"CAC Coupland","year":"2019","unstructured":"Coupland CAC, Hill T, Dening T, Morriss R, Moore M, Hippisley-Cox J. Anticholinergic drug exposure and the risk of dementia: a nested case-control study. JAMA Intern Med. 2019;179:1084\u201393.","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med."},{"key":"735_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afu096","volume":"43","author":"C Fox","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fox C, Smith T, Maidment I, Chan WY, Bua N, Myint PK, et al. Effect of medications with anti-cholinergic properties on cognitive function, delirium, physical function and mortality: a systematic review. Age Ageing. 2014;43:604\u201315.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"735_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.2003.02007.x","volume":"57","author":"AA Mangoni","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mangoni AA, Jackson SH. Age-related changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics: basic principles and practical applications. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2003;57:6\u201314.","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"735_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-015-0029-9","volume":"15","author":"MS Salahudeen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Salahudeen MS, Duffull SB, Nishtala PS. Anticholinergic burden quantified by anticholinergic risk scales and adverse outcomes in older people: a systematic review. BMC Geriatr. 2015;15:31.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"key":"735_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.8.781","volume":"167","author":"SN Hilmer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hilmer SN, Mager DE, Simonsick EM, Coa Y, Ling SM, Windham BG. A drug burden index to define the functional burden of medications in older people. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167:781\u20137.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"735_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S66660","volume":"9","author":"L Kouladjian","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kouladjian L, Gnjidic D, Chen TF, Mangoni AA, Hilmer SN. Drug Burden Index in older adults: theoretical and practical issues. Clin Inter Ageing. 2014;9:1503\u201315.","journal-title":"Clin Inter Ageing."},{"key":"735_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-015-0310-9","volume":"32","author":"K Cardwell","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cardwell K, Hughes CM, Ryan C. The association between anticholinergic medication burden and health related outcomes in the \u201coldest old\u201d: a systematic review of the literature. Drugs Aging. 2015;32:835\u201348.","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"735_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S337","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2010.02938.x","volume":"58","author":"JM Guralnik","year":"2010","unstructured":"Guralnik JM, Kritchevsky SB. Translating research to promote healthy ageing: the complementary role of longitudinal studies and clinical trials. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2010;58:S337\u201342.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"33","key":"735_CR15","first-page":"1","volume":"12","author":"KJ Hayman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hayman KJ, Kerse N, Dyall L, Kepa M, Teh R, Wham C, et al. Life and Living in advanced age: a cohort study in New Zealand-Te Pu\u0101waitanga o Nga Tapuwae Kia Ora Tonu, LiLACS NZ: study protocol. BMC Geriatr. 2012;12(33):1.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"key":"735_CR16","unstructured":"Stats NZ Tatauranga Aotearoa. M\u0101ori population estimates: At 30 June 2018 [Internet]. Wellington: Stats NZ Tatauranga Aotearoa; 2018. https:\/\/www.stats.govt.nz\/information-releases\/maori-population-estimates-at-30-june-2018. Accessed 15 Nov 2019."},{"key":"735_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2005.070680","volume":"96","author":"L Ellison-Loschmann","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ellison-Loschmann L, Pearce N. Improving access to health care among New Zealand\u2019s Maori population. Am J Public Health. 2006;96:612\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"735_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000002476","volume":"94","author":"R Jones","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jones R, Crowshoe L, Reid P, Calam B, Curtis E, Green M, et al. Educating for indigenous health equity. Acad Med. 2019;94:512\u20139.","journal-title":"Acad Med"},{"key":"735_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.12029","volume":"37","author":"L Dyall","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dyall L, Kepa M, Hayman K, Teh R, Moyes S, Broad J, et al. Engagement and recruitment of M\u0101ori and non-M\u0101ori people of advanced age to LiLACS NZ. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2013;37:124\u201331.","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Public Health"},{"key":"735_CR20","unstructured":"The Best Practice Advocacy Centre New Zealand. History of rongo\u0101 M\u0101ori [Internet]. Dunedin: The Best Practice Advocacy Centre New Zealand. https:\/\/bpac.org.nz\/bpj\/2008\/may\/docs\/bpj13_rongoa_pages_32-36.pdf. Accessed 15 Nov 2019."},{"key":"735_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.05.001","volume":"66","author":"R Teh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Teh R, Doughty R, Connolly M, Broad J, Pillai A, Wilkinson T, et al. Agreement between self-reports and medical records of cardiovascular disease in octogenarians. J Clin Epidemiol. 2013;66:1135\u201343.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"735_CR22","first-page":"82","volume":"17","author":"C Salmond","year":"2001","unstructured":"Salmond C, Crampton P. NZDEP96-what does it measure? Soc Policy J N Z. 2001;17:82\u2013100.","journal-title":"Soc Policy J N Z"},{"key":"735_CR23","unstructured":"MIMS New Zealand Ltd. MIMS New Zealand [Internet]. Auckland: MIMS New Zealand Ltd. http:\/\/www.mims.co.nz\/. Accessed 15 Nov 2019."},{"key":"735_CR24","unstructured":"World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology [Internet]. Oslo: World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology; 2017. ATC\/DDD Index 2017; 2016 Dec 19. http:\/\/www.whocc.no\/atc_ddd_index\/. Accessed 15 Nov 2019."},{"key":"735_CR25","first-page":"314","volume":"48","author":"EL Teng","year":"1987","unstructured":"Teng EL, Ph D, Chui HC. The modified mini-mental state (3MS) examination. J Clin Psychiatry. 1987;48:314\u20138.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"735_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199705000-00008","volume":"35","author":"M-L Essink-Bot","year":"1997","unstructured":"Essink-Bot M-L, Krabbe PF, Bonsel GJ, Aaronson NK. An empirical comparison of four generic health status measures. Med Care. 1997;35:522\u201337.","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"735_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.2165\/11631420-000000000-00000","volume":"29","author":"E L\u00f6nnroos","year":"2012","unstructured":"L\u00f6nnroos E, Gnjidic D, Hilmer SN, Bell JS, Kautiainen H, Sulkava R, et al. Drug Burden Index and hospitalization among community-dwelling older people. Drugs Aging. 2012;29:395\u2013404.","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"735_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890.2011.573499","volume":"44","author":"D Gnjidic","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gnjidic D, Bell JS, Hilmer SN, L\u00f6nnroos E, Sulkava R, Hartikainen S. Drug Burden Index associated with function in community-dwelling older people in Finland: a cross-sectional study. Ann Med. 2012;44:458\u201367.","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"735_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2009.03411.x","volume":"68","author":"D Gnjidic","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gnjidic D, Cumming RG, Le Couteur DG, Handelsman DJ, Naganathan V, Abernethy DR, et al. Drug Burden Index and physical function in older Australian men. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2009;68:97\u2013105.","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"735_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270010395591","volume":"52","author":"D Gnjidic","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gnjidic D, Le Couteur DG, Abernethy DR, Hilmer SN. Drug Burden Index and Beers criteria: impact on functional outcomes in older people living in self-care retirement villages. J Clin Pharmacol. 2012;52:258\u201365.","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"735_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2011.11.004","volume":"74","author":"R Harris","year":"2012","unstructured":"Harris R, Cormack D, Tobias M, Yeh LC, Talamaivao N, Minster J, et al. The pervasive effects of racism: experiences of racial discrimination in New Zealand over time and associations with multiple health domains. Soc Sci Med. 2012;74:408\u201315.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"735_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyg084","volume":"32","author":"M Stafford","year":"2003","unstructured":"Stafford M, Marmot M. Neighbourhood deprivation and health: does it affect us all equally? Int J Epidemiol. 2003;32:357\u201366.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"735_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3624","volume":"23","author":"PS Nishtala","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nishtala PS, Narayan SW, Wang T, Hilmer SN. Associations of drug burden index with falls, general practitioner visits, and mortality in older people. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2014;23:753\u20138.","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"735_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.12203","volume":"43","author":"O Best","year":"2013","unstructured":"Best O, Gnjidic D, Hilmer SN, Naganathan V, McLachlan AJ. Investigating polypharmacy and drug burden index in hospitalised older people. Intern Med J. 2013;43:912\u20138.","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"key":"735_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.2165\/11598570-000000000-00000","volume":"29","author":"NM Wilson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wilson NM, Hilmer SN, March LM, Chen JS, Gnjidic D, Mason RS, et al. Associations between Drug Burden Index and mortality in older people in residential aged care facilities. Drugs Aging. 2012;29:157\u201365.","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"735_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afq053","volume":"39","author":"NM Wilson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wilson NM, Hilmer SN, March LM, Cameron ID, Lord SR, Seibel MJ, et al. Associations between drug burden index and physical function in older people in residential aged care facilities. Age Ageing. 2010;39:503\u20137.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"735_CR37","first-page":"1393","volume":"127","author":"S Pitama","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pitama S, Huria T, Lacey C. Improving M\u0101ori health through clinical assessment: Waikare o te Waka o Meihana. N Z Med J. 2014;127:1393.","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"735_CR38","unstructured":"Ministry of Health. The Health of M\u0101ori Adults and Children [Internet]. Wellington: Ministry of Health; 2013. http:\/\/www.health.govt.nz\/system\/files\/documents\/publications\/health-maori-adults-children-summary.pdf. Accessed 15 Nov 2019."},{"key":"735_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e83224","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083224","volume":"9","author":"D Gnjidic","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gnjidic D, Hilmer SN, Hartikainen S, Tolppanen A-M, Taipale H, Koponen M, et al. Impact of high risk drug use on hospitalization and mortality in older people with and without Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a national population cohort study. PLoS One. 2014;9:e83224.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"735_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12632","volume":"62","author":"M Kashyap","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kashyap M, Belleville S, Mulsant BH, Hilmer SN, Paquette A, Tu LM, et al. Methodological challenges in determining longitudinal associations between anticholinergic drug use and incident cognitive decline. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2014;62:336\u201341.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"735_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270011421489","volume":"52","author":"E Lowry","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lowry E, Woodman RJ, Soiza RL, Hilmer SN, Mangoni AA. Drug Burden Index, physical function, and adverse outcomes in older hospitalized patients. J Clin Pharmacol. 2012;52:1584\u201391.","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"735_CR42","first-page":"395","volume":"15","author":"JF Keyzer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Keyzer JF, Melnikow J, Kuppermann M, Birch S, Kuenneth C, Nuovo J, et al. Recruitment strategies for minority participation: challenges and cost lessons from the POWER interview. Ethn Dis. 2005;15:395\u2013406.","journal-title":"Ethn Dis"},{"key":"735_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1968","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1P426","volume":"44","author":"HB Levy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Levy HB, Marcus EL, Christen C. Beyond the Beers criteria: a comparative overview of explicit criteria. Ann Pharmacother. 2010;44:1968\u201375.","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"735_CR44","first-page":"1480","volume":"131","author":"S Wilkinson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wilkinson S, Mulder RT. Antipsychotic prescribing in New Zealand between 2008 and 2015. N Z Med J. 2018;131:1480.","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"735_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2013.01.012","volume":"21","author":"AA Mangoni","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mangoni AA, van Munster BC, Woodman RJ, de Rooij SE. Measures of anticholinergic drug exposure, serum anticholinergic activity, and all-cause postdischarge mortality in older hospitalized patients with hip fractures. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2013;21:785\u201393.","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry."},{"key":"735_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1159\/000342172","volume":"2","author":"PR Bosboom","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bosboom PR, Alfonso H, Almeida OP, Beer C. Use of potentially harmful medications and health-related quality of life among people with dementia living in residential aged care facilities. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra. 2012;2:361\u201371.","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra"},{"key":"735_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2009.02.021","volume":"122","author":"SN Hilmer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hilmer SN, Mager DE, Simonsick EM, Ling SM, Windham BG, Harris TB, et al. Drug burden index score and functional decline in older people. Am J Med. 2009;122:1142\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"735_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12485","volume":"16","author":"M Naja","year":"2016","unstructured":"Naja M, Zmudka J, Hannat S, Liabeuf S, Serot JM, Jouanny P. In geriatric patients, delirium symptoms are related to the anticholinergic burden. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2016;16:424\u201331.","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"key":"735_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gls176","volume":"68","author":"H Kersten","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kersten H, Molden E, Tolo IK, Skovlund E, Engedal K, Wyller TB. Cognitive effects of reducing anticholinergic drug burden in a frail elderly population: a randomized controlled trial. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2013;68:271\u20138.","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"735_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-842X.2006.tb00849.x","volume":"30","author":"AF Young","year":"2006","unstructured":"Young AF, Powers JR, Bell SL. Attrition in longitudinal studies: who do you lose? Aust N Z J Public Health. 2006;30:353\u201361.","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Public Health"},{"key":"735_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124100029002001","volume":"29","author":"KA Frank","year":"2000","unstructured":"Frank KA. Impact of a confounding variable on a regression coefficient. Sociol Method Res. 2000;29:147\u201394.","journal-title":"Sociol Method Res."},{"key":"735_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61092-7","volume":"370","author":"L Mallet","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mallet L, Spinewine A, Huang A. The challenge of managing drug interactions in elderly people. Lancet. 2007;370:185\u201391.","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Drugs & Aging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40266-019-00735-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40266-019-00735-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40266-019-00735-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,16]],"date-time":"2022-04-16T14:08:03Z","timestamp":1650118083000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40266-019-00735-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,10]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}},"alternative-id":["735"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40266-019-00735-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1170-229X","1179-1969"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1170-229X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1179-1969"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 January 2020","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"Funding was provided by Department for Employment and Learning, Northern Ireland.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Funding"}},{"value":"KC, NK, CR, RT, SM, OM, AR, JB and CH declare that they have no conflict of interest. This current analysis was supported by the Department for Employment and Learning (DEL), Northern Ireland, through a postgraduate studentship to KC. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}