{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T00:42:19Z","timestamp":1793580139455,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]],"date-time":"2022-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670976000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]],"date-time":"2022-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Drugs Aging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-022-00992-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]],"date-time":"2022-12-13T20:02:24Z","timestamp":1670961744000},"page":"21-32","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["Implications of Adverse Outcomes Associated with Antipsychotics in Older Patients with Dementia: A 2011\u20132022 Update"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0441-8995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianna","family":"Rogowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Thornton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6490-6037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byron","family":"Creese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7712-930X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Latha","family":"Velayudhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6314-216X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dag","family":"Aarsland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0022-5632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clive","family":"Ballard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0063-8413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Tsamakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4435-6397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9816-1686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"992_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Dementia. World Health Organization Fact Sheets. 2021. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/dementia. Accessed 20 Sep 2021."},{"key":"992_CR2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global action plan on the public health response to dementia 2017-2025. 2017. https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/259615\/9789241513487-eng.pdf?sequence=1. Accessed 26 Oct 2021."},{"key":"992_CR3","unstructured":"Cloak N, Khalili Y Al. Behavioral And Psychological Symptoms In Dementia. StatPearls. 2020. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK551552\/. Accessed 20 Sep 2021."},{"issue":"1","key":"992_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/J.PSC.2017.10.010","volume":"41","author":"LB Gerlach","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gerlach LB, Kales HC. Managing behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2018;41(1):127\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.PSC.2017.10.010.","journal-title":"Psychiatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"992_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JAD.2015.09.069","volume":"190","author":"QF Zhao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhao QF, et al. The prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2016;190:264\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JAD.2015.09.069.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"992_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14030246","volume":"14","author":"V Calsolaro","year":"2021","unstructured":"Calsolaro V, et al. Behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia (BPSD) and the use of antipsychotics. Pharmaceuticals. 2021;14(3):246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ph14030246.","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"issue":"1","key":"992_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-020-00643-2","volume":"36","author":"C Mueller","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mueller C, John C, Perera G, Aarsland D, Ballard C, Stewart R. Antipsychotic use in dementia: the relationship between neuropsychiatric symptom profiles and adverse outcomes. Eur J Epidemiol. 2021;36(1):89\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10654-020-00643-2.","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"992_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.3389\/FPHAR.2020.00886","volume":"11","author":"N Eissa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Eissa N, Sadeq A, Sasse A, Sadek B. Role of neuroinflammation in autism spectrum disorder and the emergence of brain histaminergic system. Lessons also for BPSD? Front Pharmacol. 2020;11:886. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FPHAR.2020.00886.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"992_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-021-00597-3","volume":"18","author":"Z Ismail","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ismail Z, et al. Psychosis in Alzheimer disease\u2014mechanisms, genetics and therapeutic opportunities. Nat Rev Neurol. 2022;18(3):131\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41582-021-00597-3.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"12","key":"992_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1001\/JAMA.2011.1360","volume":"306","author":"AR Maher","year":"2011","unstructured":"Maher AR, et al. Efficacy and comparative effectiveness of atypical antipsychotic medications for off-label uses in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2011;306(12):1359\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/JAMA.2011.1360.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"992_CR11","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence [NICE]. Dementia: assessment, management and support for people living with dementia and their carers. NICE guideline [NG97]. 2018. https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng97\/chapter\/Recommendations. Accessed 26 Oct 2021."},{"issue":"1","key":"992_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e3182a6096e","volume":"34","author":"P Gareri","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gareri P, De Fazio P, Manfredi VGL, De Sarro G. Use and safety of antipsychotics in behavioral disorders in elderly people with dementia. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2014;34(1):109\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JCP.0b013e3182a6096e.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"15","key":"992_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.1001\/JAMA.294.15.1934","volume":"294","author":"LS Schneider","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schneider LS, Dagerman KS, Insel P. Risk of death with atypical antipsychotic drug treatment for dementia: meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. JAMA. 2005;294(15):1934\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/JAMA.294.15.1934.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"10","key":"992_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-200522100-00004","volume":"22","author":"MB Van Iersel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Van Iersel MB, Zuidema SU, Koopmans RTCM, Verhey FRJ, Rikkert MGMO. Antipsychotics for behavioural and psychological problems in elderly people with dementia: a systematic review of adverse events. Drugs Aging. 2005;22(10):845\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00002512-200522100-00004.","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"issue":"1","key":"992_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1177\/0897190018771272","volume":"33","author":"KE Trinkley","year":"2020","unstructured":"Trinkley KE, Sturm AM, Porter K, Nahata MC. Efficacy and safety of atypical antipsychotics for behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia among community dwelling adults. J Pharm Pract. 2020;33(1):7\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0897190018771272.","journal-title":"J Pharm Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"992_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.2217\/nmt-2019-0036","volume":"10","author":"RR Tampi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tampi RR, Tampi DJ, Rogers K, Alagarsamy S. Antipsychotics in the management of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: maximizing gain and minimizing harm. Neurodegener Dis Manag. 2020;10(1):5\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/nmt-2019-0036.","journal-title":"Neurodegener Dis Manag."},{"key":"992_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105534","volume":"167","author":"SL Harrison","year":"2021","unstructured":"Harrison SL, Buckley BJR, Lane DA, Underhill P, Lip GYH. Associations between COVID-19 and 30-day thromboembolic events and mortality in people with dementia receiving antipsychotic medications. Pharmacol Res. 2021;167: 105534. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105534.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"992_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890426807","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2016","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. The American Psychiatric association practice guideline on the use of antipsychotics to treat agitation or psychosis in patients with dementia. Am Psychiatr Assoc. 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.books.9780890426807.","journal-title":"Am Psychiatr Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"992_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1186\/S13195-021-00867-8","volume":"13","author":"M Seibert","year":"2021","unstructured":"Seibert M, et al. Efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy for Alzheimer\u2019s disease and for behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia in older patients with moderate and severe functional impairments: a systematic review of controlled trials. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2021;13(1):131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S13195-021-00867-8.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther."},{"issue":"12","key":"992_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13304","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013304.PUB2","volume":"12","author":"V M\u00fchlbauer","year":"2021","unstructured":"M\u00fchlbauer V, M\u00f6hler R, Dichter MN, Zuidema SU, K\u00f6pke S, Luijendijk HJ. Antipsychotics for agitation and psychosis in people with Alzheimer\u2019s disease and vascular dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;12(12):13304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD013304.PUB2.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"key":"992_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.RCSOP.2021.100054","volume":"3","author":"JH Kristensson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kristensson JH, Zahirovic I, Londos E, Modig S. Medications causing potential cognitive impairment are common in nursing home dementia units\u2014A cross-sectional study. Explor Res Clin Soc Pharm. 2021;3: 100054. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.RCSOP.2021.100054.","journal-title":"Explor Res Clin Soc Pharm."},{"issue":"11","key":"992_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30370-7","volume":"19","author":"R Howard","year":"2020","unstructured":"Howard R, Burns A, Schneider L. Antipsychotic prescribing to people with dementia during COVID-19. Lancet Neurol. 2020;19(11):892. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30370-7.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"11","key":"992_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1002\/GPS.5567","volume":"36","author":"KY Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu KY, et al. Dementia wellbeing and COVID-19: review and expert consensus on current research and knowledge gaps. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2021;36(11):1597\u2013639. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/GPS.5567.","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"992_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2016.11.013","volume":"42","author":"RE Nielsen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nielsen RE, Lolk A, Rodrigo-Domingo M, Valentin JB, Andersen K. Antipsychotic treatment effects on cardiovascular, cancer, infection, and intentional self-harm as cause of death in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s dementia. Eur Psychiatry. 2017;42:14\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2016.11.013.","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"992_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.0828","volume":"2","author":"I Yunusa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yunusa I, Alsumali A, Garba AE, Regestein QR, Eguale T. Assessment of reported comparative effectiveness and safety of atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: a network meta-analysis. JAMA Netw open. 2019;2(3): e190828. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.0828.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw open"},{"issue":"8","key":"992_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X15666170630163616","volume":"16","author":"S Siafis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Siafis S, Tzachanis D, Samara M, Papazisis G. Antipsychotic drugs: from receptor-binding profiles to metabolic side effects. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2018;16(8):1210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1570159X15666170630163616.","journal-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"992_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3385","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026616666160608","volume":"16","author":"P Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li P, Snyder GL, Vanover KE. Dopamine targeting drugs for the treatment of schizophrenia: past, present. Curr Top Med Chem. 2016;16:3385\u2013403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1568026616666160608.","journal-title":"Curr Top Med Chem."},{"issue":"10","key":"992_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2363","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09200-8","volume":"266","author":"B Jin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jin B, Liu H. Comparative efficacy and safety of therapy for the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: a systemic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis. J Neurol. 2019;266(10):2363\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-019-09200-8.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"992_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.1007\/S12325-022-02075-8","volume":"39","author":"I Yunusa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yunusa I, Rashid N, Demos GN, Mahadik BS, Abler VC, Rajagopalan K. Comparative outcomes of commonly used off-label atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of dementia-related psychosis: a network meta-analysis. Adv Ther. 2022;39(5):1993\u20132008. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S12325-022-02075-8.","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"992_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.2217\/nmt-2020-0013","volume":"10","author":"L Stummer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stummer L, Markovic M, Maroney M. Brexpiprazole in the treatment of schizophrenia and agitation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neurodegener Dis Manag. 2020;10(4):205\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/nmt-2020-0013.","journal-title":"Neurodegener Dis Manag."},{"issue":"4","key":"992_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JAGP.2019.09.009","volume":"28","author":"GT Grossberg","year":"2020","unstructured":"Grossberg GT, et al. Efficacy and safety of brexpiprazole for the treatment of agitation in Alzheimer\u2019s dementia: two 12-week, randomized, double-blind Placebo-Controlled Trials. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2020;28(4):383\u2013400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JAGP.2019.09.009.","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry."},{"issue":"3","key":"992_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30039-5","volume":"17","author":"C Ballard","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ballard C, et al. Evaluation of the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of pimavanserin versus placebo in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease psychosis: a phase 2, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Lancet Neurol. 2018;17(3):213\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30039-5.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"992_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1211\/PJ.2016.20201108","author":"D Andalo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Andalo D. FDA approves pimavanserin to treat hallucinations and delusions in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Pharm J. 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1211\/PJ.2016.20201108.","journal-title":"Pharm J"},{"issue":"1","key":"992_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.14283\/jpad.2018.30","volume":"6","author":"C Ballard","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ballard C, Youakim JM, Coate B, Stankovic S. Pimavanserin in Alzheimer\u2019s disease psychosis: efficacy in patients with more pronounced psychotic symptoms. J Prev Alzheimer\u2019s Dis. 2019;6(1):27\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14283\/jpad.2018.30.","journal-title":"J Prev Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"992_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMOA2034634","volume":"385","author":"PN Tariot","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tariot PN, et al. Trial of pimavanserin in dementia-related psychosis. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(4):309\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMOA2034634.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"992_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3233\/adr-170042","volume":"2","author":"SJ Ralph","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ralph SJ, Espinet AJ. Increased all-cause mortality by antipsychotic drugs: updated review and meta-analysis in dementia and general mental health care. J Alzheimer\u2019s Dis Reports. 2018;2(1):1\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/adr-170042.","journal-title":"J Alzheimer\u2019s Dis Reports."},{"issue":"4","key":"992_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12614","volume":"134","author":"RE Nielsen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nielsen RE, Lolk A, Valentin JB, Andersen K. Cumulative dosages of antipsychotic drugs are associated with increased mortality rate in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s dementia. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2016;134(4):314\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acps.12614.","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"issue":"4","key":"992_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1111\/JGS.17623","volume":"70","author":"A N\u00f8rgaard","year":"2022","unstructured":"N\u00f8rgaard A, et al. Effect of antipsychotics on mortality risk in patients with dementia with and without comorbidities. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2022;70(4):1169\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/JGS.17623.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"4","key":"992_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JAGP.2013.06.007","volume":"22","author":"EM Langballe","year":"2014","unstructured":"Langballe EM, Engdahl B, Nordeng H, Ballard C, Aarsland D, Selb\u00e6k G. Short- and long-term mortality risk associated with the use of antipsychotics among 26,940 dementia outpatients: a population-based study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2014;22(4):321\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JAGP.2013.06.007.","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"992_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.3018","volume":"72","author":"DT Maust","year":"2015","unstructured":"Maust DT, et al. Antipsychotics, other psychotropics, and the risk of death in patients with dementia: number needed to harm. JAMA Psychiat. 2015;72(5):438\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.3018.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiat"},{"key":"992_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113641","volume":"295","author":"A Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen A, Copeli F, Metzger E, Cloutier A, Osser DN. The psychopharmacology algorithm project at the harvard south shore program: an update on management of behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia. Psychiatry Res. 2021;295: 113641. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113641.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"992_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0105376","volume":"9","author":"JW Jackson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jackson JW, Schneeweiss S, Vanderweele TJ, Blacker D. Quantifying the role of adverse events in the mortality difference between first and second-generation antipsychotics in older adults: systematic review and meta-synthesis. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(8): e105376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0105376.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"5","key":"992_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0000000000001083","volume":"39","author":"TC Yeh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yeh TC, et al. Mortality risk of atypical antipsychotics for behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: a meta-analysis, meta-regression, and trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2019;39(5):472\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JCP.0000000000001083.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"992_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.115.177683","volume":"209","author":"R Howard","year":"2016","unstructured":"Howard R, Costafreda SG, Karcher K, Coppola D, Berlin JA, Hough D. Baseline characteristics and treatment-emergent risk factors associated with cerebrovascular event and death with risperidone in dementia patients. Br J Psychiatry. 2016;209(5):378\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.bp.115.177683.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"992_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e76","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.15m10303","volume":"78","author":"R Liperoti","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liperoti R, et al. Antipsychotic drug interactions and mortality among nursing home residents with cognitive impairment. J Clin Psychiatry. 2017;78(1):e76\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4088\/JCP.15m10303.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"992_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/trc2.12078","volume":"6","author":"Y Malekizadeh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Malekizadeh Y, et al. Whole transcriptome in silico screening implicates cardiovascular and infectious disease in the mechanism of action underlying atypical antipsychotic side effects. Alzheimer\u2019s Dement Transl Res Clin Interv. 2020;6(1): e12078. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/trc2.12078.","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement. Transl Res Clin Interv."},{"key":"992_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.PHRS.2019.104589","volume":"152","author":"M Beauchemin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Beauchemin M, et al. Exploring mechanisms of increased cardiovascular disease risk with antipsychotic medications: risperidone alters the cardiac proteomic signature in mice. Pharmacol Res. 2020;152: 104589. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.PHRS.2019.104589.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"992_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1001\/ARCHINTERNMED.2012.28","volume":"172","author":"A Pariente","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pariente A, et al. Antipsychotic use and myocardial infarction in older patients with treated dementia. Arch Intern Med. 2012;172(8):648\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/ARCHINTERNMED.2012.28.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"992_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.4385","volume":"27","author":"CJ Maxwell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Maxwell CJ, et al. Relevance of frailty to mortality associated with the use of antipsychotics among community-residing older adults with impaired cognition. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2018;27(3):289\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pds.4385.","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"issue":"1","key":"992_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-020-01607-7","volume":"20","author":"JA Watt","year":"2020","unstructured":"Watt JA, et al. Safety of pharmacologic interventions for neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-020-01607-7.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"992_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-016-0060-6","volume":"6","author":"M Dennis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dennis M, et al. Risk of adverse outcomes for older people with dementia prescribed antipsychotic medication: a population based e-cohort study. Neurol Ther. 2017;6(1):57\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40120-016-0060-6.","journal-title":"Neurol Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"992_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-019-2177-5","volume":"19","author":"S Zivkovic","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zivkovic S, Koh CH, Kaza N, Jackson CA. Antipsychotic drug use and risk of stroke and myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry. 2019;19(1):189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-019-2177-5.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"992_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JAMDA.2021.09.036","volume":"23","author":"M Koponen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Koponen M, et al. Antipsychotic use and risk of stroke among community-dwelling people with Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2022;23(6):1059-1065.e4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JAMDA.2021.09.036.","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"992_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-020-00754-1","volume":"37","author":"B Rajamaki","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rajamaki B, Hartikainen S, Tolppanen AM. Psychotropic drug-associated pneumonia in older adults. Drugs Aging. 2020;37(4):241\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40266-020-00754-1.","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"issue":"3","key":"992_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1177\/07334648211023678","volume":"41","author":"AS Beeber","year":"2022","unstructured":"Beeber AS, Zimmerman S, Wretman CJ, Palmertree S, Patel K, Sloane PD. Potential side effects and adverse events of antipsychotic use for residents with dementia in assisted living: implications for prescribers, staff, and families. J Appl Gerontol. 2022;41(3):798\u2013805. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/07334648211023678.","journal-title":"J Appl Gerontol"},{"issue":"4","key":"992_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371.e11","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JAMDA.2017.12.098","volume":"19","author":"LJ Seppala","year":"2018","unstructured":"Seppala LJ, et al. Fall-risk-increasing drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis: II Psychotropics. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2018;19(4):371.e11-371.e17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JAMDA.2017.12.098.","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"11","key":"992_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1002\/GPS.5587","volume":"36","author":"JK Zakarias","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zakarias JK, et al. Risk of hospitalization and hip fracture associated with psychotropic polypharmacy in patients with dementia: a nationwide register-based study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2021;36(11):1691\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/GPS.5587.","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"992_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5591","volume":"36","author":"AH Dyer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dyer AH, Murphy C, Lawlor B, Kennelly SP. Long-term antipsychotic use and cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults with mild\u2013moderate Alzheimer disease: data from NILVAD. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2021;36(11):1708\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gps.5591.","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"992_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1159\/000381800","volume":"5","author":"M Hashimoto","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hashimoto M, et al. Relationship between dementia severity and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in dementia with lewy bodies and Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra. 2015;5(2):244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000381800.","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra."},{"issue":"3","key":"992_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16275","volume":"68","author":"V Tapiainen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tapiainen V, et al. The risk of head injuries associated with antipsychotic use among persons with Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2020;68(3):595\u2013602. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgs.16275.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"2","key":"992_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1055\/S-0039-1678579\/ID\/JR180061-37","volume":"39","author":"M Sezgin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sezgin M, Bilgic B, Tinaz S, Emre M. Parkinson\u2019s disease dementia and lewy body disease. Semin Neurol. 2019;39(2):274\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/S-0039-1678579\/ID\/JR180061-37.","journal-title":"Semin Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"992_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988720988916","volume":"35","author":"K Badwal","year":"2022","unstructured":"Badwal K, Kiliaki SA, Dugani SB, Pagali SR. Psychosis management in lewy body dementia: a comprehensive clinical approach. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 2022;35(3):255\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0891988720988916.","journal-title":"J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol"},{"issue":"9916","key":"992_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62106-6","volume":"383","author":"J Cummings","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cummings J, et al. Pimavanserin for patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease psychosis: a randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2014;383(9916):533\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62106-6.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"992_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119870203","volume-title":"The Maudsley prescribing guidelines in psychiatry","author":"DM Taylor","year":"2021","unstructured":"Taylor DM, Barnes TRE, Young AH. The Maudsley prescribing guidelines in psychiatry. 14th ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.; 2021.","edition":"14"},{"issue":"12","key":"992_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028019866927","volume":"53","author":"A Sepassi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sepassi A, Watanabe JH. Emergency department visits for psychotropic-related adverse drug events in older adults with alzheimer disease, 2013\u20132014. Ann Pharmacother. 2019;53(12):1173\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1060028019866927.","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"issue":"12","key":"992_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2019.07.009","volume":"20","author":"M Koponen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Koponen M, et al. Accumulation of hospital days among antipsychotic initiators with Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2019;20(12):1488-1494.e3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamda.2019.07.009.","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"10","key":"992_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glx239","volume":"73","author":"M Nerius","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nerius M, Johnell K, Garcia-Ptacek S, Eriksdotter M, Haenisch B, Doblhammer G. The impact of antipsychotic drugs on long-term care, nursing home admission, and death in dementia patients. J Gerontol Ser A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2018;73(10):1396\u2013402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/glx239.","journal-title":"J Gerontol Ser A Biol Sci Med Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"992_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/S12962-022-00354-3","volume":"20","author":"Z Huo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huo Z, Lin J, Bat BKK, Chan TK, Yip BHK, Tsoi KKF. Cost-effectiveness of pharmacological therapies for people with Alzheimer\u2019s disease and other dementias: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cost Eff Resour Alloc. 2022;20(1):19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S12962-022-00354-3.","journal-title":"Cost Eff Resour Alloc."},{"key":"992_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/BMJ.D4065","volume":"343","author":"BS Husebo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Husebo BS, Ballard C, Sandvik R, Nilsen OB, Aarsland D. Efficacy of treating pain to reduce behavioural disturbances in residents of nursing homes with dementia: cluster randomised clinical trial. The BMJ. 2011;343: d4065. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/BMJ.D4065.","journal-title":"The BMJ."},{"issue":"12","key":"992_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-018-0978-8","volume":"20","author":"D Wolinsky","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wolinsky D, Drake K, Bostwick J. Diagnosis and management of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2018;20(12):1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11920-018-0978-8.","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"key":"992_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.3389\/FPHAR.2019.01109","volume":"10","author":"RM Keszycki","year":"2019","unstructured":"Keszycki RM, Ficher DW, Dong H. The hyperactivity-impulsivity-irritiability-disinhibition-aggression-agitation domain in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: current management and future directions. Front Pharmacol. 2019;10:1109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FPHAR.2019.01109.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"992_CR72","unstructured":"O\u2019Neil ME, Freeman M, Christensen V, Telerant R, Addleman A, Kansagara D. A Systematic evidence review of non-pharmacological interventions for behavioral symptoms of dementia. Portland: Department of Veterans Affairs (US); 2011."},{"key":"992_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8191","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd008191.pub2","volume":"2","author":"DP Seitz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Seitz DP, Adunuri N, Gill SS, Gruneir A, Herrmann N, Rochon P. Antidepressants for agitation and psychosis in dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;2:8191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.cd008191.pub2.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"issue":"7","key":"992_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1111\/BCP.13604","volume":"84","author":"K Kongpakwattana","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kongpakwattana K, Sawangjit R, Tawankanjanachot I, Bell JS, Hilmer SN, Chaiyakunapruk N. Pharmacological treatments for alleviating agitation in dementia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2018;84(7):1445. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/BCP.13604.","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"992_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j2099","volume":"357","author":"J Hippisley-Cox","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland C, Brindle P. Development and validation of QRISK3 risk prediction algorithms to estimate future risk of cardiovascular disease: prospective cohort study. The BMJ. 2017;357: j2099. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.j2099.","journal-title":"The BMJ."},{"issue":"3","key":"992_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1532-5415.2011.03314.X","volume":"59","author":"T Okura","year":"2011","unstructured":"Okura T, Plassman BL, Steffens DC, Llewellyn DJ, Potter GG, Langa KM. Neuropsychiatric symptoms and the risk of institutionalization and death: the aging, demographics, and memory study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011;59(3):473\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/J.1532-5415.2011.03314.X.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"5","key":"992_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1176\/APPI.AJP.2014.14040480\/ASSET\/IMAGES\/LARGE\/APPI.AJP.2014.14040480F1.JPEG","volume":"172","author":"ME Peters","year":"2015","unstructured":"Peters ME, et al. Neuropsychiatric symptoms as predictors of progression to severe Alzheimer\u2019s dementia and death: the cache county dementia progression study. Am J Psychiatry. 2015;172(5):460\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/APPI.AJP.2014.14040480\/ASSET\/IMAGES\/LARGE\/APPI.AJP.2014.14040480F1.JPEG.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"992_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7726","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007726.PUB3","volume":"3","author":"E Van Leeuwen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Van Leeuwen E, et al. Withdrawal versus continuation of long-term antipsychotic drug use for behavioural and psychological symptoms in older people with dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;3(3):7726. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD007726.PUB3.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"key":"992_CR79","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence [NICE]. Psychosis and schizophrenia in adults: prevention and management. Clinical guideline [CG178]. 2014. https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/cg178\/chapter\/1-Recommendations. Accessed 30 Jul 2022."}],"container-title":["Drugs & Aging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40266-022-00992-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40266-022-00992-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40266-022-00992-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T07:07:57Z","timestamp":1744700877000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40266-022-00992-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["992"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40266-022-00992-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1170-229X","1179-1969"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1170-229X","type":"print"},{"value":"1179-1969","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 November 2022","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 December 2022","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"RS has received research support from Janssen, GSK and Takeda. DA has received research support and\/or honoraria from Astra-Zeneca, H. Lundbeck, Novartis Pharmaceuticals and GE Health, and serves as a paid consultant for H. Lundbeck and Axovant. CB has received honoraria and grant funding from Acadia Pharmaceuticals, Lundbeck, Takeda and Axovant pharmaceutical companies. CB leads the Alzheimer\u2019s disease psychosis (ADP) investigators group and has received honoraria from Lundbeck, Lilly, Otusaka and Orion pharmaceutical companies. MR, MT, BC, LV, KT and CM declare no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"CM, DA and RS receive salary support from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)\u00a0Biomedical Research Centre at\u00a0South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, and RS is a NIHR Senior Investigator.\u00a0The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Funding"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Code availability"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Availability of data and materials"}},{"value":"MR: Review of literature, interpretation of data, preparation of the manuscript, and critical revision for intellectual content. CM: Article concept and design, interpretation of data, and critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content. BC, LV, DA, CB, KT, RS: Interpretation of data and critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content. MT: Critical revision for intellectual content, preparation of the manuscript. All authors approved the manuscript to be published and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.","order":9,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Author contributions"}}]}}