{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T02:42:03Z","timestamp":1775356923039,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694390400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694390400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005339","name":"American Academy of Neurology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Susan S Spencer Clinical Research Training Scholarship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Susan S Spencer Clinical Research Training Scholarship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005339","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008269","name":"Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["J Award UL1TR002240"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J Award UL1TR002240"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K08 AG071794"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08 AG071794"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R03AG078804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R03AG078804"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23 AG066864"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23 AG066864"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R24AG064025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R24AG064025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000133","name":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K12HS026383"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K12HS026383"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000133","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Drugs Aging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-023-01066-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T09:02:00Z","timestamp":1694422920000},"page":"941-951","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Secular Trends in Central Nervous System-Active Polypharmacy Among Serial Cross-Sections of US Adults, 2009\u20132020"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6179-9467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel W.","family":"Terman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1466-5751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua D.","family":"Niznik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5997-4406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew E.","family":"Growdon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1943-0150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren B.","family":"Gerlach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James F.","family":"Burke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"1066_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1818","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.13766","volume":"314","author":"ED Kantor","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kantor ED, Rehm CD, Haas JS, Chan AT, Giovannucci EL. Trends in prescription drug use among adults in the United States from 1999\u20132012. JAMA [Internet]. 2015;314:1818\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2015.13766.","journal-title":"JAMA [Internet]."},{"key":"1066_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043617","volume":"7","author":"D Opondo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Opondo D, Eslami S, Visscher S, De Rooji SE, Verheij R, Korevaar JC, et al. Inappropriateness of medication prescriptions to elderly patients in the primary care setting: a systematic review. PLoS One [Internet]. 2012;7: e43617. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0043617.","journal-title":"PLoS One [Internet]"},{"key":"1066_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afaa057","volume":"49","author":"TM Liew","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liew TM, Lee CS, Kuan S, Goh L, Chang ZY. The prevalence and impact of potentially inappropriate prescribing among older persons in primary care settings: multilevel meta-analysis. Age Ageing [Internet]. 2020;49:570\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ageing\/afaa057.","journal-title":"Age Ageing [Internet]."},{"key":"1066_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15317","volume":"161","author":"TS Field","year":"2001","unstructured":"Field TS, Gurwitz JH, Avorn J, McCormick D, Jain S, Eckler M, et al. Risk factors for adverse drug events among nursing home residents. Arch Int Med [Internet]. 2001;161:1629\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgs.15317.","journal-title":"Arch Int Med [Internet]."},{"key":"1066_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15317","volume":"66","author":"MJ Rawle","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rawle MJ, Richards M, Cooper R, Kuh D. Associations between polypharmacy and cognitive and physical capability: a British birth cohort study. J Am Geriatr Soc [Internet]. 2018;66:916\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgs.15317.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc [Internet]."},{"key":"1066_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2012.02.018","volume":"65","author":"D Gnjidic","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gnjidic D, Hilmer SN, Blyth FM, Naganathan V, Waite L, Seibel MJ, et al. Polypharmacy cutoff and outcomes: five or more medicines were used to identify community-dwelling older men at risk of different adverse outcomes. J Clin Epidemiol [Internet]. 2012;65:989\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2012.02.018.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol [Internet]"},{"key":"1066_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmsa1103053","volume":"365","author":"DS Budnitz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Budnitz DS, Lovegrove MC, Shehab N, Richards CL. Emergency hospitalization for adverse drug events in older Americans. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2011;365:2002\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejmsa1103053.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med [Internet]."},{"key":"1066_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2013.0036","volume":"24","author":"RJ Hilt","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hilt RJ, Chaudhari M, Bell JF, Wolf C, Koprowicz K, King BH. Side effects from use of one or more psychiatric medications in a population-based sample of children and adolescents. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol [Internet]. 2014;24:83\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/cap.2013.0036.","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol [Internet]."},{"key":"1066_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.2174\/2211556005666160916124719","volume":"6","author":"S Sarkar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sarkar S. Psychiatric polypharmacy, etiology and potential consequences. Curr Psychopharmacol [Internet]. 2016;6:12\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/2211556005666160916124719.","journal-title":"Curr Psychopharmacol [Internet]."},{"key":"1066_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.2165\/11631760-000000000-00000","volume":"29","author":"M Petrovic","year":"2012","unstructured":"Petrovic M, Van Der CT, Onder G. Adverse drug reactions in older people. Drugs Aging [Internet]. 2012;29:453\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/11631760-000000000-00000.","journal-title":"Drugs Aging [Internet]."},{"key":"1066_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/aft166","volume":"43","author":"TJ van der Cammen","year":"2014","unstructured":"van der Cammen TJ, Rajkumar C, Onder G, Sterke CS, Petrovic M. Drug cessation in complex older adults: time for action. Age Ageing [Internet]. 2014;43:20\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ageing\/aft166.","journal-title":"Age Ageing [Internet]."},{"key":"1066_CR12","unstructured":"FDA warns about serious risks and death when combining opioid pain or cough medicines with benzodiazepines; requires its strongest warning [Internet]. US Food Drug Adm. Drug Saf. Commun. 2016 [cited 2023 Mar 23]. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/99761\/download. Accessed 7 Sept 2023."},{"key":"1066_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2016.9225","volume":"177","author":"DT Maust","year":"2017","unstructured":"Maust DT, Gerlach LB, Gibson A, Kales HC, Blow FC, Olfson M. Trends in central nervous system-active polypharmacy among older adults seen in outpatient care in the United States. JAMA Intern Med [Internet]. 2017;177:583\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamainternmed.2016.9225.","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med [Internet]."},{"issue":"67","key":"1066_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15767","volume":"2019","author":"American Geriatrics Society","year":"2019","unstructured":"American Geriatrics Society. Updated AGS Beers Criteria \u00ae for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc [Internet]. 2019;2019(67):674\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgs.15767.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc [Internet]."},{"key":"1066_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.8519","volume":"324","author":"DT Maust","year":"2020","unstructured":"Maust DT, Strominger J, Bynum JP, Langa KM, Gerlach LB, Zivin K, et al. Prevalence of psychotropic and opioid prescription fills among community-dwelling older adults with dementia in the US. JAMA [Internet]. 2020;324:708\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.8519.","journal-title":"JAMA [Internet]."},{"key":"1066_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.1195","volume":"48109","author":"DT Maust","year":"2021","unstructured":"Maust DT, Strominger J, Kim HM, Langa KM, Bynum JPW, Chang C, et al. Prevalence of central nervous system\u2013active polypharmacy among older adults with dementia in the US. JAMA [Internet]. 2021;48109:952\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2021.1195.","journal-title":"JAMA [Internet]."},{"key":"1066_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-023-08250-z","author":"RE Burke","year":"2023","unstructured":"Burke RE, Pelcher L, Tjader A, Linsky AM, Thorpe CT, Turner JP, et al. Central nervous system-active prescriptions in older veterans: trends in prevalence, prescribers, and high-risk populations. J Gen Intern Med [Internet]. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-023-08250-z.","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med [Internet]"},{"key":"1066_CR18","unstructured":"Drug Database [Internet]. Oracle Cern. 2023 [cited 2023 Jul 26]. https:\/\/www.cerner.com\/solutions\/drug-database. Accessed 7 Sept 2023."},{"key":"1066_CR19","unstructured":"1988-2020 Data documentation, codebook, and frequencies prescription medications - drug information (RXQ_DRUG) [Internet]. Natl. Heal. Nutr. Exam. Surv. [cited 2023 Jul 26]. https:\/\/wwwn.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nhanes\/1999-2000\/RXQ_DRUG.htm. Accessed 7 Sept 2023."},{"key":"1066_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53523.x","volume":"53","author":"ER Hajjar","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hajjar ER, Hanlon JT, Sloane RJ, Lindblad CI, Pieper CF, Ruby CM, et al. Unnecessary drug use in frail older people at hospital discharge. J Am Geriatr Soc [Internet]. 2005;53:1518\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53523.x.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc [Internet]."},{"key":"1066_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-017-0621-2","volume":"17","author":"N Masnoon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Masnoon N, Shakib S, Kalisch-ellett L, Caughey GE. What is polypharmacy? A systematic review of definitions. BMC Geriatr. 2017;17:230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-017-0621-2.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"1066_CR22","unstructured":"FDA requires strong warnings for opioid analgesics, prescription opioid cough products, and benzodiazepine labeling related to serious risks and death from combined use [Internet]. US Food Drug Adm. 2016 [cited 2020 May 9]. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news-events\/press-announcements\/fda-requires-strong-warnings-opioid-analgesics-prescription-opioid-cough-products-and-benzodiazepine. Accessed 7 Sept 2023."},{"key":"1066_CR23","unstructured":"FDA warns about serious breathing problems with seizure and nerve pain medicines gabapentin (Neurontin, Gralise, Horizant) and pregabalin (Lyrica, Lyrica CR) When used with CNS depressants or in patients with lung problems [Internet]. US Food Drug Adm. 2019 [cited 2020 May 9]. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/drug-safety-and-availability\/fda-warns-about-serious-breathing-problems-seizure-and-nerve-pain-medicines-gabapentin-neurontin. Accessed 7 Sept 2023."},{"key":"1066_CR24","unstructured":"Prescription medications (RXQ_RX_I) [Internet]. Natl. Heal. Nutr. Exam. Surv. 2015-2016 Data Doc. Codebook, Freq. [cited 2023 Feb 4]. https:\/\/wwwn.cdc.gov\/Nchs\/Nhanes\/2015-2016\/RXQ_RX_I.htm. Accessed 7 Sept 2023."},{"key":"1066_CR25","unstructured":"NHANES Analytic Guidance and Brief Overview for the 2017-March 2020 Pre-pandemic Data Files [Internet]. Natl. Heal. Nutr. Exam. Surv. 2021 [cited 2023 Jan 10]. https:\/\/wwwn.cdc.gov\/Nchs\/Nhanes\/continuousnhanes\/overviewbrief.aspx?Cycle=2017-2020. Accessed 7 Sept 2023."},{"key":"1066_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh221","volume":"160","author":"S Greenland","year":"2004","unstructured":"Greenland S. Model-based estimation of relative risks and other epidemiologic measures in studies of common outcomes and in case-control studies. Am J Epid [Internet]. 2004;160:301\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/kwh221.","journal-title":"Am J Epid [Internet]."},{"key":"1066_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwg074","volume":"157","author":"LA McNutt","year":"2003","unstructured":"McNutt LA, Wu C, Xue X, Hafner JP. Estimating the relative risk in cohort studies and clinical trials of common outcomes. Am J Epidemiol [Internet]. 2003;157:940\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/kwg074.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol [Internet]."},{"key":"1066_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2019.0086","volume":"179","author":"CW Goodman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Goodman CW, Brett AS. A clinical overview of off-label use of gabapentinoid drugs. JAMA Intern Med [Internet]. 2019;179:695\u2013701. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamainternmed.2019.0086.","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med [Internet]."},{"key":"1066_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.2147\/rmhp.s168504","volume":"11","author":"AM Peckham","year":"2018","unstructured":"Peckham AM, Ananickal MJ, Sclar DA. Gabapentin use, abuse, and the US opioid epidemic: the case for reclassification as a controlled substance and the need for pharmacovigilance. Risk Manag Healthc Policy [Internet]. 2018;11:109\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/rmhp.s168504.","journal-title":"Risk Manag Healthc Policy [Internet]."},{"key":"1066_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-03497-3","volume":"22","author":"DT Maust","year":"2022","unstructured":"Maust DT, Bohnert ASB, Strominger J, Alexander N, Min L, Hoffman GJ, et al. Prescription characteristics associated with fall-related injury risk among older adults prescribed benzodiazepines: a cohort study. BMC Geriatr [Internet]. 2022;22:1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-022-03497-3.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr [Internet]"},{"key":"1066_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1007\/bf03262280","volume":"29","author":"C Tannenbaum","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tannenbaum C, Paquette A, Hilmer S, Holroyd-Leduc J, Carnahan R. A systematic review of amnestic and non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment induced by anticholinergic, antihistamine, GABAergic and opioid drugs. Drugs Aging [Internet]. 2012;29:639\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf03262280.","journal-title":"Drugs Aging [Internet]."},{"key":"1066_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12613","volume":"16","author":"MA Steinman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Steinman MA, Komaiko KD, Fung KZ, Ritchie CS. Use of opioids and other analgesics by older adults in the United States, 1999\u20132010. Pain Med [Internet]. 2015;16:319\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pme.12613.","journal-title":"Pain Med [Internet]."},{"key":"1066_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD013304","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd013304.pub2","volume":"12","author":"V M\u00fchlbauer","year":"2021","unstructured":"M\u00fchlbauer V, M\u00f6hler R, Dichter M, Zuidema S, K\u00f6pke S, Luijendijk H. Antipsychotics for agitation and psychosis in people with Alzheimer\u2019s disease and vascular dementia (Review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev [Internet]. 2021;12:CD013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.cd013304.pub2.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev [Internet]."},{"key":"1066_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1177\/2040622316658463","volume":"7","author":"RR Tampi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tampi RR, Tampi DJ, Balachandran S, Srinivasan S. Antipsychotic use in dementia: a systematic review of benefits and risks from meta-analyses. Ther Adv Chronic Dis [Internet]. 2016;7:229\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2040622316658463.","journal-title":"Ther Adv Chronic Dis [Internet]."},{"key":"1066_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2086","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03563.x","volume":"106","author":"M Lader","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lader M. Benzodiazepines revisited-will we ever learn? Addiction [Internet]. 2011;106:2086\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03563.x.","journal-title":"Addiction [Internet]."},{"key":"1066_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.6470","volume":"13","author":"MJ Sateia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sateia MJ, Sherrill WC, Winter-Rosenberg C, Heald JL. Clinical practice guideline for the pharmacologic treatment of chronic insomnia in adults: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline Michael. J Clin Sleep Med [Internet]. 2017;13:307\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5664\/jcsm.6470.","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med [Internet]."},{"key":"1066_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-007-9043-9","volume":"17","author":"DW Loring","year":"2007","unstructured":"Loring DW, Marino S, Meador KJ. Neuropsychological and behavioral effects of antiepilepsy drugs. Neuropsychol Rev [Internet]. 2007;17:413\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11065-007-9043-9.","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rev [Internet]."},{"key":"1066_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17226","volume":"63","author":"SW Terman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Terman SW, Youngerman BE, Choi H, Burke JF. Antiseizure medication treatment pathways in US Medicare beneficiaries with newly treated epilepsy. Epilepsia [Internet]. 2022;63:1571\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/epi.17226.","journal-title":"Epilepsia [Internet]."},{"key":"1066_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0013-9580.2004.06304.x","volume":"45","author":"JA French","year":"2004","unstructured":"French JA, Kanner AM, Bautista J, Abou-Khalil B, Browne T, Harden CL, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of the new antiepileptic drugs, I: treatment of new-onset epilepsy: report of the TTA and QSS subcommittees of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Epilepsy Society. Epilepsia [Internet]. 2004;45:410\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.0013-9580.2004.06304.x.","journal-title":"Epilepsia [Internet]."},{"key":"1066_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.0000000000005755","volume":"91","author":"AM Kanner","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kanner AM, Ashman E, Gloss D, Harden C, Bourgeois B, Bautista JF, et al. Practice guideline update summary: efficacy and tolerability of the new antiepileptic drugs i: treatment of new-onset epilepsy: report of the guideline development, dissemination, and implementation subcommittee of the American Acade. Neurology [Internet]. 2018;91:74\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.0000000000005755.","journal-title":"Neurology [Internet]."},{"key":"1066_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-023-01314-3","volume":"46","author":"S Abtahi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abtahi S, Pajouheshnia R, Dur\u00e1n CE, Riera-Arnau J, Gamba M, Alsina E, et al. Impact of 2018 EU risk minimisation measures and revised pregnancy prevention programme on utilisation and prescribing trends of medicinal products containing valproate: an interrupted time series study. Drug Saf [Internet]. 2023;46:689\u2013702. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40264-023-01314-3.","journal-title":"Drug Saf [Internet]"},{"key":"1066_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2013.05.011","volume":"23","author":"ME Thase","year":"2013","unstructured":"Thase ME, Larsen KG, Reines E, Kennedy SH. The cardiovascular safety profile of escitalopram. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol [Internet]. 2013;23:1391\u2013400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2013.05.011.","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol [Internet]."},{"key":"1066_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-014-0196-9","volume":"28","author":"M Hasnain","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hasnain M, Vieweg WVR. QTc interval prolongation and torsade de pointes associated with second-generation antipsychotics and antidepressants: a comprehensive review. CNS Drugs [Internet]. 2014;28:887\u2013920. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40263-014-0196-9.","journal-title":"CNS Drugs [Internet]."},{"key":"1066_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-016-1208-5","volume":"51","author":"RB Goldstein","year":"2016","unstructured":"Goldstein RB, Smith SM, Chou SP, Saha TD, Jung J, Zhang H, et al. The epidemiology of DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder in the United States: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol [Internet]. 2016;51:1137\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-016-1208-5.","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol [Internet]."},{"key":"1066_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kessler RC, Chiu WT, Demler O, Walters EE. Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry [Internet]. 2005;62:617\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.617. Accessed 7 Sept 2023.","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.617"},{"key":"1066_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.5.584","volume":"286","author":"JR Davidson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Davidson JR. Recognition and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. JAMA [Internet]. 2001;286:584\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.286.5.584.","journal-title":"JAMA [Internet]."},{"key":"1066_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1080\/17512433.2020.1697676","volume":"13","author":"D O\u2019Mahony","year":"2020","unstructured":"O\u2019Mahony D. STOPP\/START criteria for potentially inappropriate medications\/potential prescribing omissions in older people: origin and progress. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol [Internet]. 2020;13:15\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17512433.2020.1697676.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol [Internet]"},{"key":"1066_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e751","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.0000000000200779","volume":"99","author":"SW Terman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Terman SW, Lin CC, Kerr WT, DeLott LB, Callaghan BC, Burke JF. Changes in the use of brand name and generic medications and total prescription cost among Medicare beneficiaries with epilepsy. Neurology [Internet]. 2022;99:e751\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.0000000000200779.","journal-title":"Neurology [Internet]."},{"key":"1066_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-018-2575-5","volume":"75","author":"L Hoisnard","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hoisnard L, Santos-Eggimann B, Chauvin P, Hiance-Delahaye A, Herr M. Do older adults know the purpose of their medications? A survey among community-dwelling people. Eur J Clin Pharmacol [Internet]. 2019;75:255\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00228-018-2575-5.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol [Internet]"},{"issue":"71","key":"1066_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.18372","volume":"2023","author":"American Geriatrics Society","year":"2023","unstructured":"American Geriatrics Society. updated AGS Beers Criteria\u00ae for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc [Internet]. 2023;2023(71):2052\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgs.18372.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc [Internet]."}],"container-title":["Drugs &amp; Aging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40266-023-01066-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40266-023-01066-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40266-023-01066-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T12:31:25Z","timestamp":1695213085000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40266-023-01066-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["1066"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40266-023-01066-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1170-229X","1179-1969"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1170-229X","type":"print"},{"value":"1179-1969","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 August 2023","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 September 2023","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Dr. Terman is supported by the American Academy of Neurology Susan S Spencer Clinical Research Training Scholarship and the Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research J Award UL1TR002240. Dr. Niznick is supported by the National Institute of Aging K08 AG071794. Dr. Growdon is supported by National Institute of Aging R03AG078804 and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality K12HS026383. Dr. Gerlach is supported by the National Institute of Aging K23 AG066864. Drs. Terman, Niznick, Growdon, and Gerlach are members of the US Deprescribing Research Network, which is funded by the National Institute on Aging R24AG064025. Dr. Burke reports no relevant funding.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Funding"}},{"value":"No authors have any relevant competing or conflicts of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of Interest"}},{"value":"All datasets are freely available for download at <b>.<\/b>","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Availability of Data and Material"}},{"value":"This study was deemed exempt by the University of Michigan Institutional Review Board (HUM00175050), given use of publicly available de-identified datasets.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval"}},{"value":"Consenting participants for this study was not required, as we used already-existing publicly available de-identified datasets that were deemed exempt as above.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any identifying media or materials that would require patient consent for publication.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"Statistical code may be obtained upon request.","order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Code Availability"}},{"value":"SWT: conceptualization, funding and data acquisition, analysis and methodology, and writing the original manuscript draft. JDN: conceptualization, review, and editing. MEG: conceptualization, review, and editing. LBG: conceptualization, review, and editing. JFB: conceptualization, review, and editing, supervision. We confirm International Committee of Medical Journal Editors authorship criteria for all authors including: (1) substantial contribution to the work, (2) drafting or reviewing the manuscript critically, (3) final manuscript approval, and (4) agreement to be accountable. All authors have read and approved the final submitted manuscript and agree to be accountable for the work.","order":9,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Author Contributions"}}]}}