{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:25:26Z","timestamp":1792783526737,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deakin University","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02czsnj07","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Drugs Aging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-026-01320-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T14:58:14Z","timestamp":1784818694000},"page":"861-871","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Associations of Polypharmacy, Diuretics and Antipsychotics with Injurious Falls: A Population-Based Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3173-6753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tewodros","family":"Yosef","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8968-4714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie A.","family":"Pasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1210-2437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica C.","family":"Tembo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7798-180X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kara B.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1377-1272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lana J.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5064-2990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kara L.","family":"Holloway-Kew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"1320_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005907","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1005907","volume":"10","author":"S Harper","year":"2022","unstructured":"Harper S, Howse K, Chan A. Editorial: integrating age structural change into global policy. Front Public Health. 2022;10:1005907.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"1320_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-016-0330-9","volume":"13","author":"NN Dhalwani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dhalwani NN, O\u2019Donovan G, Zaccardi F, Hamer M, Yates T, Davies M, et al. Long terms trends of multimorbidity and association with physical activity in older English population. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2016;13:8.","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"key":"1320_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nguyen H, Manolova G, Daskalopoulou C, Vitoratou S, Prince M, Prina AM. Prevalence of multimorbidity in community settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. J Comorb. 2019;9:2235042x19870934.","DOI":"10.1177\/2235042X19870934"},{"key":"1320_CR4","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Australia\u2019s health snapshots 2020: data insights. Canberra: AIHW; 2020."},{"key":"1320_CR5","volume-title":"Medication safety in polypharmacy: technical report","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2019","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Medication safety in polypharmacy: technical report. Geneva: WHO; 2019."},{"issue":"1","key":"1320_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.5694\/mja11.10698","volume":"196","author":"TK Morgan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Morgan TK, Williamson M, Pirotta M, Stewart K, Myers SP, Barnes J. A national census of medicines use: a 24-hour snapshot of Australians aged 50 years and older. Med J Aust. 2012;196(1):50\u20133.","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"1320_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.5812\/nms.10709","volume":"2","author":"T Hammond","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hammond T, Wilson A. Polypharmacy and falls in the elderly: a literature review. Nurs Midwifery Stud. 2013;2:171\u20135.","journal-title":"Nurs Midwifery Stud"},{"issue":"1","key":"1320_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-017-0621-2","volume":"17","author":"N Masnoon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Masnoon N, Shakib S, Kalisch-Ellett L, Caughey GE. What is polypharmacy? A systematic review of definitions. BMC Geriatr. 2017;17(1):230.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"1320_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.3109\/13814780009069956","volume":"6","author":"LJ Veehof","year":"2000","unstructured":"Veehof LJ, Jong BM-d, Haaijer-Ruskamp F. Polypharmacy in the elderly\u2014a literature review. Eur J Gen Pract. 2000;6(3):98\u2013106.","journal-title":"Eur J Gen Pract"},{"key":"1320_CR10","unstructured":"Teymoorian S, Pal A, Hayley D. Risk factors for 30-day hospital readmissions in older adults. J Am Geriatrics Soc. 2011;59:S188\u2013S."},{"issue":"1","key":"1320_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.5770\/cgj.21.268","volume":"21","author":"Y Ming","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ming Y, Zecevic A. Medications & polypharmacy influence on recurrent fallers in community: a systematic review. Can Geriatrics J. 2018;21(1):14.","journal-title":"Can Geriatrics J."},{"issue":"10","key":"1320_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-016358","volume":"7","author":"NN Dhalwani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dhalwani NN, Fahami R, Sathanapally H, Seidu S, Davies MJ, Khunti K. Association between polypharmacy and falls in older adults: a longitudinal study from England. BMJ Open. 2017;7(10):e016358.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"1320_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgo.2012.02.005","volume":"3","author":"GK Prithviraj","year":"2012","unstructured":"Prithviraj GK, Koroukian S, Margevicius S, Berger NA, Bagai R, Owusu C. Patient characteristics associated with polypharmacy and inappropriate prescribing of medications among older adults with cancer. J Geriatr Oncol. 2012;3(3):228\u201337.","journal-title":"J Geriatr Oncol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1320_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0112133","volume":"9","author":"B Ahmed","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ahmed B, Nanji K, Mujeeb R, Patel MJ. Effects of polypharmacy on adverse drug reactions among geriatric outpatients at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi: a prospective cohort study. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(11):e112133.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"11","key":"1320_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2014.07.060","volume":"35","author":"SI Haider","year":"2014","unstructured":"Haider SI, Ansari Z, Vaughan L, Matters H, Emerson E. Prevalence and factors associated with polypharmacy in Victorian adults with intellectual disability. Res Dev Disabil. 2014;35(11):3071\u201380.","journal-title":"Res Dev Disabil"},{"issue":"8","key":"1320_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1177\/1533317511432734","volume":"26","author":"DT Lau","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lau DT, Mercaldo ND, Shega JW, Rademaker A, Weintraub S. Functional decline associated with polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medications in community-dwelling older adults with dementia. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 2011;26(8):606\u201315.","journal-title":"Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen"},{"key":"1320_CR17","unstructured":"Cronin H, O'Regan C, Savva G, Richardson K, Donoghue O, Kenny R. Polypharmacy and falls in older Irish adults. Irish J Med Sci. 2011;180:S355\u2013S."},{"issue":"6","key":"1320_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0098043","volume":"9","author":"H-A Kim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kim H-A, Shin J-Y, Kim M-H, Park B-J. Prevalence and predictors of polypharmacy among Korean elderly. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(6):e98043.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"8","key":"1320_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.12203","volume":"43","author":"O Best","year":"2013","unstructured":"Best O, Gnjidic D, Hilmer SN, Naganathan V, McLachlan AJ. Investigating polypharmacy and drug burden index in hospitalised older people. Intern Med J. 2013;43(8):912\u20138.","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"key":"1320_CR20","unstructured":"Golchin N, Frank S, Isham L, Vince A, Meropol SB, editors. Polypharmacy in the elderly. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safet; 2011: Wiley-Blackwell Commerce Place, 350 Main St, Malden 02148, MA USA."},{"key":"1320_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1454117","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1454117","volume":"12","author":"T Yosef","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yosef T, Pasco JA, Tembo MC, Williams LJ, Holloway-Kew KL. Falls and fall-related injuries: prevalence, characteristics, and treatment among participants of the Geelong Osteoporosis Study. Front Public Health. 2024;12:1454117.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"1320_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-025-01324-7","volume":"17","author":"T Yosef","year":"2026","unstructured":"Yosef T, Pasco JA, Tembo MC, Holloway-Kew KL. The association between one-year fall history and quality of life among older adults in the Geelong Osteoporosis Study: does fall frequency matter? Eur Geriatr Med. 2026;17(1):97\u2013106.","journal-title":"Eur Geriatr Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1320_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1111\/ajag.12909","volume":"40","author":"T Bemand","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bemand T, Thomas S, Finucane P. The extent of polypharmacy and use of \u2018fall risk increasing drugs\u2019 in the oldest old admitted to a regional New South Wales hospital. Australas J Ageing. 2021;40(4):366\u201372.","journal-title":"Australas J Ageing"},{"issue":"4","key":"1320_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.12.099","volume":"19","author":"LJ Seppala","year":"2018","unstructured":"Seppala LJ, van de Glind EMM, Daams JG, Ploegmakers KJ, de Vries M, Wermelink AMAT, et al. Fall-risk-increasing drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis: III. Others. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2018;19(4):372.e1.","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"1320_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09920-x","volume":"20","author":"P Zaninotto","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zaninotto P, Huang YT, Di Gessa G, Abell J, Lassale C, Steptoe A. Polypharmacy is a risk factor for hospital admission due to a fall: evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):1804.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"1320_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-024-01506-5","volume":"48","author":"A Reimers","year":"2025","unstructured":"Reimers A, Odin P, Ljung H. Drug-induced cognitive impairment. Drug Saf. 2025;48(4):339\u201361.","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"issue":"2","key":"1320_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.14770","volume":"24","author":"M Kuzuya","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kuzuya M. Drug-related sarcopenia as a secondary sarcopenia. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2024;24(2):195\u2013203.","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"1320_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.5770\/cgj.21.268","volume":"21","author":"Y Ming","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ming Y, Zecevic A. Medications & polypharmacy influence on recurrent fallers in community: a systematic review. Can Geriatr J. 2018;21(1):14\u201325.","journal-title":"Can Geriatr J."},{"issue":"2","key":"1320_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2005.02543.x","volume":"61","author":"G Ziere","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ziere G, Dieleman JP, Hofman A, Pols HA, van der Cammen TJ, Stricker BH. Polypharmacy and falls in the middle age and elderly population. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2006;61(2):218\u201323.","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1320_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afu141","volume":"44","author":"K Richardson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Richardson K, Bennett K, Kenny RA. Polypharmacy including falls risk-increasing medications and subsequent falls in community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults. Age Ageing. 2015;44(1):90\u20136.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"4","key":"1320_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1177\/2042098613486829","volume":"4","author":"MR de Jong","year":"2013","unstructured":"de Jong MR, Van der Elst M, Hartholt KA. Drug-related falls in older patients: implicated drugs, consequences, and possible prevention strategies. Ther Adv Drug Saf. 2013;4(4):147\u201354.","journal-title":"Ther Adv Drug Saf"},{"key":"1320_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ie K, Chou E, Boyce RD, Albert SM. Fall risk-increasing drugs, polypharmacy, and falls among low-income community-dwelling older adults. Innov Aging. 2021;5(1):igab001.","DOI":"10.1093\/geroni\/igab001"},{"key":"1320_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.1044744","volume":"13","author":"S Zhou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhou S, Jia B, Kong J, Zhang X, Lei L, Tao Z, et al. Drug-induced fall risk in older patients: a pharmacovigilance study of FDA adverse event reporting system database. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:1044744.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1320_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.14253\/acn.2023.25.2.66","volume":"25","author":"W Ju","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ju W, Sinn DI. Diagnosis and management of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension. Ann Clin Neurophysiol. 2023;25(2):66\u201377.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"1320_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.15256\/joc.2011.1.4","volume":"1","author":"A Nobili","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nobili A, Garattini S, Mannucci PM. Multiple diseases and polypharmacy in the elderly: challenges for the internist of the third millennium. J Comorbidity. 2011;1:28\u201344.","journal-title":"J Comorbidity"},{"issue":"6","key":"1320_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyr148","volume":"41","author":"JA Pasco","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pasco JA, Nicholson GC, Kotowicz MA. Cohort profile: Geelong Osteoporosis Study. Int J Epidemiol. 2012;41(6):1565\u201375.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"1320_CR37","unstructured":"Department of Health. Victorian Emergency Minimum Dataset (VEMD). Victoria, Australia: Victoria State Government; 2023."},{"issue":"3","key":"1320_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-025-01882-7","volume":"47","author":"GB Lee","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lee GB, Hosking SM, Etherton-Beer C, Pasco JA, Williams LJ, Holloway-Kew KL, et al. Defining polypharmacy in older adults: a cross-sectional comparison of prevalence estimates calculated according to active ingredient and unique product counts. Int J Clin Pharm. 2025;47(3):824\u201333.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharm"},{"issue":"3","key":"1320_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12741","volume":"17","author":"A Zia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zia A, Kamaruzzaman SB, Tan MP. The consumption of two or more fall risk-increasing drugs rather than polypharmacy is associated with falls. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2017;17(3):463\u201370.","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"1320_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2025.112298","volume":"56","author":"T Yosef","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yosef T, Pasco JA, Monica CT, Williams LJ, Holloway-Kew KL. Trends and determinants of falls: a generalized estimating equations modelling approach using serial data from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study. Injury. 2025;56(4):112298.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"10","key":"1320_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(96)90063-5","volume":"77","author":"KD Hill","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hill KD, Schwarz JA, Kalogeropoulos AJ, Gibson SJ. Fear of falling revisited. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1996;77(10):1025\u20139.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"1320_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-026-01426-w","volume":"17","author":"T Yosef","year":"2026","unstructured":"Yosef T, Pasco JA, Tembo MC, Holloway-Kew KL. Balance confidence predicts incident injurious falls in older adults: a longitudinal study. Eur Geriatr Med. 2026;17(2):771\u201380.","journal-title":"Eur Geriatr Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1320_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1519\/JPT.0000000000000099","volume":"40","author":"MM Lusardi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lusardi MM, Fritz S, Middleton A, Allison L, Wingood M, Phillips E, et al. Determining risk of falls in community dwelling older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis using posttest probability. J Geriatr Phys Ther. 2017;40(1):1\u201336.","journal-title":"J Geriatr Phys Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"1320_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-3098-7","volume":"21","author":"JA Pasco","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pasco JA, Stuart AL, Holloway-Kew KL, Tembo MC, Sui SX, Anderson KB, et al. Lower-limb muscle strength: normative data from an observational population-based study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2020;21(1):89.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"1320_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.70280","volume":"17","author":"T Yosef","year":"2026","unstructured":"Yosef T, Pasco JA, Tembo MC, Holloway-Kew KL. Hip abductor strength predicts injurious falls and mediates the balance confidence-falls relationship: a competing risk model. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2026;17(2):e70280.","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"issue":"1","key":"1320_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0473-3-17","volume":"3","author":"Z Bursac","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bursac Z, Gauss CH, Williams DK, Hosmer DW. Purposeful selection of variables in logistic regression. Source Code Biol Med. 2008;3(1):1\u20138.","journal-title":"Source Code Biol Med"},{"key":"1320_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1002\/0471722146.ch5","volume-title":"Applied logistic regression","author":"DW Hosmer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hosmer DW, Lemeshow S. Assessing the fit of the model. In: Applied logistic regression. Second ed. Wiley & Sons; 2000. p. 143\u2013202.","edition":"Second ed"},{"key":"1320_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.focus.2025.100451","author":"W Gan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gan W. Impact of sample size and its estimation in medical research. AJPM Focus. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.focus.2025.100451.","journal-title":"AJPM Focus"},{"issue":"10","key":"1320_CR49","first-page":"2018","volume":"49","author":"M Askari","year":"2020","unstructured":"Askari M, Namayandeh SM. The difference between the population attributable risk (PAR) and the potentioal impact fraction (PIF). Iran J Public Health. 2020;49(10):2018\u20139.","journal-title":"Iran J Public Health"},{"key":"1320_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-004428","volume":"4","author":"H-H Pan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pan H-H, Li C-Y, Chen T-J, Su T-P, Wang K-Y. Association of polypharmacy with fall-related fractures in older Taiwanese people: age- and gender-specific analyses. BMJ Open. 2014;4:e004428.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"1320_CR51","unstructured":"Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care. 6.1 Polypharmacy, 75 years and over. Sydney, Australia; 2021."},{"issue":"3","key":"1320_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aggp.2025.100185","volume":"2","author":"H Sutanto","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sutanto H. Tackling polypharmacy in geriatric patients: is increasing physicians\u2019 awareness adequate. Arch Gerontol Geriatr Plus. 2025;2(3):100185.","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr Plus"},{"issue":"1","key":"1320_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-024-01405-y","volume":"16","author":"YJ Wei","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wei YJ, Shrestha N, Chiang C, DeKosky ST. Prevalence and trend of central nervous system-active medication polypharmacy among US commercially insured adults with vs without early-onset dementia: a multi-year cross-sectional study. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2024;16(1):30.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"key":"1320_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1007\/s40495-025-00425-y","volume":"11","author":"A Ruiz","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ruiz A, DiCristina S. Absorption to excretion: the aging body\u2019s take on drugs \u2013 a review of pharmacokinetic changes and their impact on medication management. Curr Pharmacol Rep. 2025;11:42.","journal-title":"Curr Pharmacol Rep."},{"key":"1320_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gerinurse.2023.05.009","volume":"52","author":"X Bai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bai X, Han B, Zhang M, Liu J, Cui Y, Jiang H. The association between diuretics and falls in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Geriatr Nurs. 2023;52:106\u201314.","journal-title":"Geriatr Nurs"},{"issue":"5","key":"1320_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3256","volume":"21","author":"SD Berry","year":"2012","unstructured":"Berry SD, Mittleman MA, Zhang Y, Solomon DH, Lipsitz LA, Mostofsky E, et al. New loop diuretic prescriptions may be an acute risk factor for falls in the nursing home. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2012;21(5):560\u20133.","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"issue":"4","key":"1320_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-023-00752-7","volume":"14","author":"EP van Poelgeest","year":"2023","unstructured":"van Poelgeest EP, Handoko ML, Muller M, van der Velde N, EUGMS Task & Finish group on Fall-risk-increasing drugs. Diuretics, SGLT2 inhibitors and falls in older heart failure patients: to prescribe or to deprescribe? A clinical review. Eur Geriatr Med. 2023;14(4):659\u201374.","journal-title":"Eur Geriatr Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1320_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.4103\/cmi.cmi_22_18","volume":"17","author":"JV Kumar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kumar JV, Padmaprakash KV, Rajesh P. Diuretic-induced dyselectrolytemia and its clinical implications. Curr Med Issues. 2019;17(3):69\u201374.","journal-title":"Curr Med Issues."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"1320_CR59","first-page":"48","volume":"14","author":"JP Weiss","year":"2012","unstructured":"Weiss JP. Nocturia: focus on etiology and consequences. Rev Urol. 2012;14(3\u20134):48\u201355.","journal-title":"Rev Urol"},{"key":"1320_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k757","volume":"360","author":"MA Mansournia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mansournia MA, Altman DG. Population attributable fraction. BMJ. 2018;360:k757.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1320_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1381486","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1381486","volume":"12","author":"F Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu F, Dai JZ, Deng XX, Cao RS, Cheng YZ, Wang CL. Association of diuretics with falls and wrist fractures: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Public Health. 2024;12:1381486.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"1320_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2014.6930","volume":"175","author":"LA Fraser","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fraser LA, Liu K, Naylor KL, Hwang YJ, Dixon SN, Shariff SZ, et al. Falls and fractures with atypical antipsychotic medication use: a population-based cohort study. JAMA Intern Med. 2015;175(3):450\u20132.","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"1320_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/60.5.622","volume":"60","author":"F Landi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Landi F, Onder G, Cesari M, Barillaro C, Russo A, Bernabei R. Psychotropic medications and risk for falls among community-dwelling frail older people: an observational study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2005;60(5):622\u20136.","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"1320_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371.e11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.12.098","volume":"19","author":"LJ Seppala","year":"2018","unstructured":"Seppala LJ, Wermelink AMAT, de Vries M, Ploegmakers KJ, van de Glind EMM, Daams JG, et al. EUGMS task and Finish group on fall-risk-increasing drugs. Fall-risk-increasing drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis: II. Psychotropics. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2018;19(4):371.e11.","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"1320_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-023-00910-x","volume":"15","author":"AH Dyer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dyer AH, Murphy C, Dolphin H, Morrison L, Briggs R, Lawlor B, et al. Long-term antipsychotic use, orthostatic hypotension and falls in older adults with Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Eur Geriatr Med. 2024;15(2):527\u201337.","journal-title":"Eur Geriatr Med"},{"key":"1320_CR66","first-page":"3","volume":"6","author":"DD Miller","year":"2004","unstructured":"Miller DD. Atypical antipsychotics: sleep, sedation, and efficacy. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2004;6:3\u20137.","journal-title":"Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry."}],"container-title":["Drugs &amp; Aging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40266-026-01320-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40266-026-01320-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40266-026-01320-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T14:01:48Z","timestamp":1789567308000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40266-026-01320-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["1320"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40266-026-01320-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1170-229X","1179-1969"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1170-229X","type":"print"},{"value":"1179-1969","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of Interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The research obtained approval from the Human Research Ethics Committees at Barwon Health (ID 92\/01 and ID 00\/56).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All participants provided written, informed consent before their involvement.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to Participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The data that support the findings of this study are available from the Victorian Minimum Emergency Dataset and the Geelong Osteoporosis Study. Restrictions apply to the availability of these data, which were used under approvals for this study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Data Availability","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"For this type of study, formal consent is not required.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for Publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"TY: conceptualisation; methodology; software; validation; formal analysis; investigation; data curation; writing \u2013 original draft; writing \u2013 review and editing. JAP: methodology; investigation; resources; supervision; project administration; funding acquisition; writing \u2013 review and editing. MCT: methodology; validation; investigation; supervision; writing \u2013 review and editing. KBA: methodology; data curation; funding acquisition; writing \u2013 review and editing. LJW: methodology; validation; writing \u2013 review and editing. KLH-K: methodology; software; validation; investigation; data curation; supervision; writing \u2013 review and editing. All authors approved the last version of the manuscript. We confirm that this work is original and has not been published elsewhere, nor is it currently under consideration for publication elsewhere.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","label":"Authors\u2019 Contributions","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}