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Schafer, M. Adams, and G. Horan are employees of Celgene Corporation, and have equity ownership; P.H Schafer and M. Adams hold a patent (WO2014074846 A1) for the use of apremilast in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. F. Truzzi, A. Marconi, and C. Pincelli have no conflicts or potential conflicts of interest to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This research was supported by Celgene Corporation and the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Funding"}},{"value":"All applicable international, national, and\/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"PH Schafer and CP conceptualized the research. PHS, MA, and GH performed and analyzed the gene expression studies in stimulated keratinocytes. FT, AM, and CP performed and interpreted the immunohistochemical analysis of the PDE4 isoforms. All of the experiments and analyses related to the two mouse models of atopic dermatitis were contracted to MD Biosciences, St Paul, MN, USA. In addition, all authors have contributed to the critical review and editing, approved this manuscript, and are accountable for the work performed.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Author contributions"}}]}}