{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T16:06:15Z","timestamp":1786982775569,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":190,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]],"date-time":"2023-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699401600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]],"date-time":"2023-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Drugs R D"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40268-023-00443-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]],"date-time":"2023-11-08T05:02:08Z","timestamp":1699419728000},"page":"339-362","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A Guide to Expanding the Use of Buprenorphine Beyond Standard Initiations for Opioid Use Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6697-2290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James C.","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3949-5479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael A.","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3270-0012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly E.","family":"Wurzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3929-3317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily J.","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4497-616X","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"III","given":"John F.","family":"Wurzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"443_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-021-01065-8","volume":"41","author":"LJ Gledhill","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gledhill LJ, Babey AM. Synthesis of the mechanisms of opioid tolerance: do we still say NO? Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2021;41(5):927\u201348.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Neurobiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"443_CR2","first-page":"E651","volume":"22","author":"TN Rieder","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rieder TN. Is nonconsensual tapering of high-dose opioid therapy justifiable? AMA J Ethics. 2020;22(1):E651\u20137.","journal-title":"AMA J Ethics"},{"issue":"5","key":"443_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1037\/a0013628","volume":"16","author":"A Rosenblum","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rosenblum A, et al. Opioids and the treatment of chronic pain: controversies, current status, and future directions. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2008;16(5):405\u201316.","journal-title":"Exp Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"443_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198001103020221","volume":"302","author":"J Porter","year":"1980","unstructured":"Porter J, Jick H. Addiction rare in patients treated with narcotics. N Engl J Med. 1980;302(2):123.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"443_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2013.10.001","volume":"35","author":"NE Morone","year":"2013","unstructured":"Morone NE, Weiner DK. Pain as the fifth vital sign: exposing the vital need for pain education. Clin Ther. 2013;35(11):1728\u201332.","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"443_CR6","unstructured":"Baker DW. The Joint Commission's Pain Standards: Origins and Evolution. 2017 May 13; 2022. https:\/\/www.jointcommission.org\/-\/media\/tjc\/documents\/resources\/pain-management\/pain_std_history_web_version_05122017pdf.pdf?db=web&hash=E7D12A5C3BE9DF031F3D8FE0D8509580&hash=E7D12A5C3BE9DF031F3D8FE0D8509580."},{"key":"443_CR7","unstructured":"FDA. Timeline of Selected FDA Activities and Significant Events Addressing Opioid Misuse and Abuse. June 13, 2022. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/information-drug-class\/timeline-selected-fda-activities-and-significant-events-addressing-opioid-misuse-and-abuse."},{"key":"443_CR8","unstructured":"Pharma P. OxyContin (oxycodone hydrochloride), NDA 020-553. FDA; 1995."},{"key":"443_CR9","unstructured":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Board on Health Sciences Policy; Committee on Pain Management and Regulatory Strategies to Address Prescription Opioid Abuse. Pain management and the opioid epidemic: balancing societal and individual benefits and risks of prescription opioid use; 2017. Washington (DC): National Academies Press."},{"issue":"8","key":"443_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnz048","volume":"20","author":"KM Hooten","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hooten KM, Hooten WM. Unique origins of modern opioid marketing and the link to the opioid epidemic: a historical perspective. Pain Med. 2019;20(8):1638\u20139.","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"issue":"10324","key":"443_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02252-2","volume":"399","author":"K Humphreys","year":"2022","unstructured":"Humphreys K, et al. Responding to the opioid crisis in North America and beyond: recommendations of the Stanford-Lancet Commission. Lancet. 2022;399(10324):555\u2013604.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"443_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.o2688","volume":"379","author":"JH Tanne","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tanne JH. US pharmacy chains settle opioid lawsuits for $13bn. BMJ. 2022;379: o2688.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"443_CR13","unstructured":"Archie, A. CVS and Walgreens agree to pay $10 billion to settle lawsuits linked to opioid sales; 2022 [cited 2023 August 30]. https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2022\/12\/13\/1142416718\/cvs-walgreens-opioid-crisis-settlement."},{"issue":"11","key":"443_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03733.x","volume":"89","author":"RL Hartnoll","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hartnoll RL. Opiates: prevalence and demographic factors. Addiction. 1994;89(11):1377\u201383.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"7","key":"443_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.366","volume":"71","author":"TJ Cicero","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cicero TJ, et al. The changing face of heroin use in the United States: a retrospective analysis of the past 50 years. JAMA Psychiat. 2014;71(7):821\u20136.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiat"},{"key":"443_CR16","unstructured":"CDC. Understanding the Epidemic. 2021 May 13; 2022. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugoverdose\/epidemic\/index.html."},{"key":"443_CR17","unstructured":"CDC. U.S. Opioid Dispensing Rate Maps. 2021 June 8; 2022. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugoverdose\/rxrate-maps\/index.html."},{"key":"443_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2017.05.030","volume":"74","author":"TJ Cicero","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cicero TJ, Ellis MS, Kasper ZA. Increased use of heroin as an initiating opioid of abuse. Addict Behav. 2017;74:63\u20136.","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"issue":"6","key":"443_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.20844","volume":"323","author":"B Han","year":"2020","unstructured":"Han B, et al. Reported Heroin Use, Use Disorder, and Injection Among Adults in the United States, 2002\u20132018. JAMA J Am Med Assoc. 2020;323(6):568\u201371.","journal-title":"JAMA J Am Med Assoc"},{"issue":"8","key":"443_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12551","volume":"109","author":"L Degenhardt","year":"2014","unstructured":"Degenhardt L, et al. The global epidemiology and burden of opioid dependence: results from the global burden of disease 2010 study. Addiction. 2014;109(8):1320\u201333.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"2","key":"443_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1057\/biosoc.2015.46","volume":"12","author":"J Netherland","year":"2017","unstructured":"Netherland J, Hansen H. White opioids: pharmaceutical race and the war on drugs that wasn\u2019t. BioSocieties. 2017;12(2):217\u201338.","journal-title":"BioSocieties"},{"key":"443_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.06.032","volume":"103","author":"JM Metzl","year":"2014","unstructured":"Metzl JM, Hansen H. Structural competency: theorizing a new medical engagement with stigma and inequality. Soc Sci Med. 2014;103:126\u201333.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"443_CR23","unstructured":"DHHS. Opioid crisis statistics. 2021 June 8; 2022. https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/opioids\/about-the-epidemic\/opioid-crisis-statistics\/index.html."},{"key":"443_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.2147\/SAR.S85667","volume":"6","author":"JA Boscarino","year":"2015","unstructured":"Boscarino JA, Hoffman SN, Han JJ. Opioid-use disorder among patients on long-term opioid therapy: impact of final DSM-5 diagnostic criteria on prevalence and correlates. Subst Abuse Rehabil. 2015;6:83\u201391.","journal-title":"Subst Abuse Rehabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"443_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-146-2-200701160-00006","volume":"146","author":"BA Martell","year":"2007","unstructured":"Martell BA, et al. Systematic review: opioid treatment for chronic back pain: prevalence, efficacy, and association with addiction. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146(2):116\u201327.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"443_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0137-5","volume":"6","author":"J Strang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Strang J, et al. Opioid use disorder. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2020;6(1):3.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"3","key":"443_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1037\/1064-1297.2.3.244","volume":"2","author":"JC Anthony","year":"1994","unstructured":"Anthony JC, Warner LA, Kessler RC. Comparative epidemiology of dependence on tobacco, alcohol, controlled substances, and inhalants: basic findings from the National Comorbidity Survey. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 1994;2(3):244\u201368.","journal-title":"Exp Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"443_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.12.005","volume":"106","author":"SD Comer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Comer SD, Cahill CM. Fentanyl: Receptor pharmacology, abuse potential, and implications for treatment. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2019;106:49\u201357.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"443_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.3126","volume":"76","author":"ND Volkow","year":"2019","unstructured":"Volkow ND, et al. Prevention and treatment of opioid misuse and addiction: a review. JAMA Psychiat. 2019;76(2):208\u201316.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiat"},{"key":"443_CR30","volume-title":"Drug and alcohol dependence","author":"M Fleury","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fleury M, et al. Drug and alcohol dependence. Shannon: Elsevier; 2016."},{"issue":"1","key":"443_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1300\/J069v26n01_07","volume":"26","author":"YI Hser","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hser YI. Predicting long-term stable recovery from heroin addiction: findings from a 33-year follow-up study. J Addict Dis. 2007;26(1):51\u201360.","journal-title":"J Addict Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"443_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1097\/HRP.0000000000000052","volume":"23","author":"YI Hser","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hser YI, et al. Long-term course of opioid addiction. Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2015;23(2):76\u201389.","journal-title":"Harv Rev Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"443_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1007\/s40261-021-01032-7","volume":"41","author":"JP De Aquino","year":"2021","unstructured":"De Aquino JP, Parida S, Sofuoglu M. The pharmacology of buprenorphine microinduction for opioid use disorder. Clin Drug Investig. 2021;41(5):425\u201336.","journal-title":"Clin Drug Investig"},{"issue":"1","key":"443_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1151\/spp021113","volume":"1","author":"TR Kosten","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kosten TR, George TP. The neurobiology of opioid dependence: implications for treatment. Sci Pract Perspect. 2002;1(1):13\u201320.","journal-title":"Sci Pract Perspect"},{"issue":"8","key":"443_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4409","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-019-0628-5","volume":"26","author":"SC Levis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Levis SC, et al. On the early life origins of vulnerability to opioid addiction. Mol Psychiatry. 2021;26(8):4409\u201316.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9904","key":"443_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61530-5","volume":"382","author":"L Degenhardt","year":"2013","unstructured":"Degenhardt L, et al. Global burden of disease attributable to illicit drug use and dependence: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 2013;382(9904):1564\u201374.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"443_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.03.011","volume":"176","author":"CM Jones","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jones CM, Christensen A, Gladden RM. Increases in prescription opioid injection abuse among treatment admissions in the United States, 2004\u20132013. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2017;176:89\u201395.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"443_CR38","unstructured":"Fingar KR, Owens PL. Opioid-related and stimulant-related adult inpatient stays, 2012\u20132018. Statistical Brief #271. 2021 May 13; 2022. https:\/\/www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov\/reports\/statbriefs\/sb271-Stimulant-Opioid-Hospitalizations-2012-2018.pdf."},{"key":"443_CR39","unstructured":"Weiss AJ, et al. Hospital inpatient stays related to opioid use disorder and endocarditis, 2016. Statistical Brief #256. 2020 May 13; 2022. https:\/\/hcup-us.ahrq.gov\/reports\/statbriefs\/sb256-Opioids-Endocarditis-Inpatient-Stays-2016.jsp."},{"key":"443_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.11.029","volume":"171","author":"S Larney","year":"2017","unstructured":"Larney S, et al. A systematic review of injecting-related injury and disease among people who inject drugs. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2017;171:39\u201349.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"443_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S429","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa149","volume":"222","author":"I See","year":"2020","unstructured":"See I, et al. National public health burden estimates of endocarditis and skin and soft-tissue infections related to injection drug use: a review. J Infect Dis. 2020;222(Suppl 5):S429\u201336.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"443_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1080\/10550887.2012.694598","volume":"31","author":"G Bart","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bart G. Maintenance medication for opiate addiction: the foundation of recovery. J Addict Dis. 2012;31(3):207\u201325.","journal-title":"J Addict Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"443_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1192","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30375-3","volume":"5","author":"L Degenhardt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Degenhardt L, et al. Global prevalence of injecting drug use and sociodemographic characteristics and prevalence of HIV, HBV, and HCV in people who inject drugs: a multistage systematic review. Lancet Glob Health. 2017;5(12):e1192\u2013207.","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"443_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2186","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03575.x","volume":"106","author":"A Gibson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gibson A, Randall D, Degenhardt L. The increasing mortality burden of liver disease among opioid-dependent people: cohort study. Addiction. 2011;106(12):2186\u201392.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"4","key":"443_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000312","volume":"11","author":"YI Hser","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hser YI, et al. High mortality among patients with opioid use disorder in a large healthcare system. J Addict Med. 2017;11(4):315\u20139.","journal-title":"J Addict Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"443_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03140.x","volume":"106","author":"L Degenhardt","year":"2011","unstructured":"Degenhardt L, et al. Mortality among regular or dependent users of heroin and other opioids: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Addiction. 2011;106(1):32\u201351.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"443_CR47","unstructured":"Hedegaard H, Mini\u00f1o AM, Warner M. Drug overdose deaths in the United States, 1999\u20132019. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics; 2020. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/products\/databriefs\/db394.htm."},{"key":"443_CR48","unstructured":"CDC. Drug overdose deaths in the U.S. top 100,000 annually. 2017 April 26; 2022. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/pressroom\/nchs_press_releases\/2021\/20211117.htm."},{"issue":"50\u201351","key":"443_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm655051e1","volume":"65","author":"RA Rudd","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rudd RA, et al. Increases in drug and opioid-involved overdose deaths\u2014United States, 2010\u20132015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016;65(50\u201351):1445\u201352.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"443_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.6558","volume":"1","author":"JR Gaither","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gaither JR, Shabanova V, Leventhal JM. US National trends in pediatric deaths from prescription and illicit opioids, 1999\u20132016. JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(8): e186558.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"443_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7015a1","volume":"70","author":"F Luo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Luo F, Li M, Florence C. State-level economic costs of opioid use disorder and fatal opioid overdose\u2014United States, 2017. Morbid Mortal Wkly Rep (MMWR). 2021;70:541\u20136.","journal-title":"Morbid Mortal Wkly Rep (MMWR)"},{"key":"443_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.108350","volume":"218","author":"C Florence","year":"2021","unstructured":"Florence C, Luo F, Rice K. The economic burden of opioid use disorder and fatal opioid overdose in the United States, 2017. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2021;218: 108350.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"3","key":"443_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2020.11.006","volume":"61","author":"C Sanyal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sanyal C. Economic burden of opioid crisis and the role of pharmacist-led interventions. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2021;61(3):e70\u20134.","journal-title":"J Am Pharm Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"443_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/s13011-019-0247-9","volume":"14","author":"J Reimer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Reimer J, et al. Opioid use disorder in Germany: healthcare costs of patients in opioid maintenance treatment. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2019;14(1):57.","journal-title":"Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy"},{"key":"443_CR55","unstructured":"SAMHSA. Medication-assisted treatment (MAT). 2022 September 20; 2022. https:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/medication-assisted-treatment."},{"key":"443_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2021.108923","volume":"228","author":"JJ Wyse","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wyse JJ, et al. Adjunct interventions to standard medical management of buprenorphine in outpatient settings: a systematic review of the evidence. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2021;228: 108923.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"443_CR57","volume":"1","author":"S Mayet","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mayet S, et al. Psychosocial treatment for opiate abuse and dependence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;1: CD004330.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"443_CR58","volume":"2","author":"RP Mattick","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mattick RP, et al. Methadone maintenance therapy versus no opioid replacement therapy for opioid dependence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;2: CD002209.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"443_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2021.108996","volume":"228","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhu Y, et al. Psychiatric comorbidity and treatment outcomes in patients with opioid use disorder: results from a multisite trial of buprenorphine-naloxone and methadone. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2021;228: 108996.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"1","key":"443_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2019.06.020","volume":"87","author":"J Bell","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bell J, Strang J. Medication treatment of opioid use disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2020;87(1):82\u20138.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"443_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-018-4801-3","volume":"34","author":"SL Calcaterra","year":"2019","unstructured":"Calcaterra SL, et al. Methadone matters: what the united states can learn from the global effort to treat opioid addiction. J Gen Intern Med. 2019;34(6):1039\u201342.","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"443_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108031","volume":"115","author":"AC Stone","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stone AC, et al. One year of methadone maintenance treatment in a fentanyl endemic area: safety, repeated exposure, retention, and remission. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2020;115: 108031.","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"issue":"3","key":"443_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/ijhrba.29121","volume":"5","author":"M Sheikh Fathollahi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sheikh Fathollahi M, et al. Predictors of one-year retention in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) in Iran, Rafsanjan. Int J High Risk Behav Addict. 2016;5(3): e29121.","journal-title":"Int J High Risk Behav Addict"},{"key":"443_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/753409","volume":"2013","author":"TK Christie","year":"2013","unstructured":"Christie TK, et al. Evaluation of a low-threshold\/high-tolerance methadone maintenance treatment clinic in saint john, new Brunswick, Canada: one year retention rate and illicit drug use. J Addict. 2013;2013: 753409.","journal-title":"J Addict"},{"issue":"1","key":"443_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-015-0512-x","volume":"12","author":"D Sudakin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sudakin D. Naltrexone: not just for opioids anymore. J Med Toxicol. 2016;12(1):71\u20135.","journal-title":"J Med Toxicol"},{"issue":"6","key":"443_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-020-01153-4","volume":"22","author":"L Malandain","year":"2020","unstructured":"Malandain L, et al. Pharmacotherapy of sexual addiction. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2020;22(6):30.","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"key":"443_CR67","volume":"2","author":"RP Mattick","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mattick RP, et al. Buprenorphine maintenance versus placebo or methadone maintenance for opioid dependence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;2: CD002207.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"14","key":"443_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.10345","volume":"314","author":"B Saloner","year":"2015","unstructured":"Saloner B, Karthikeyan S. Changes in substance abuse treatment use among individuals with opioid use disorders in the United States, 2004\u20132013. JAMA. 2015;314(14):1515\u20137.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"443_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.18913","volume":"323","author":"M Olfson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Olfson M, et al. Trends in buprenorphine treatment in the United States, 2009\u20132018. JAMA. 2020;323(3):276\u20137.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"443_CR70","unstructured":"NIDA. What is the treatment need versus the diversion risk for opioid use disorder treatment? 2021 June 13; 2022. https:\/\/nida.nih.gov\/publications\/research-reports\/medications-to-treat-opioid-addiction\/what-treatment-need-versus-diversion-risk-opioid-use-disorder-treatment#:~:text=Diversion%20Risk%20of%20Buprenorphine%20Both%20buprenorphine%20and%20buprenorphine%2Fnaloxone,can%20precipitate%20withdrawal%20in%20individuals%20with%20opioid%20dependence."},{"issue":"3","key":"443_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-1893","volume":"138","author":"Committee on Substance Use and Prevention","year":"2016","unstructured":"Committee on Substance Use and Prevention. Medication-assisted treatment of adolescents with opioid use disorders. Pediatrics. 2016;138(3): e20161893.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"443_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2020.12.129","volume":"68","author":"Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine","year":"2021","unstructured":"Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. Medication for adolescents and young adults with opioid use disorder. J Adolesc Health. 2021;68(3):632\u20136.","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"443_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2018.2143","volume":"172","author":"SE Hadland","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hadland SE, et al. Receipt of timely addiction treatment and association of early medication treatment with retention in care among youths with opioid use disorder. JAMA Pediatr. 2018;172(11):1029\u201337.","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"443_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxaa001","volume":"42","author":"A Viera","year":"2020","unstructured":"Viera A, et al. Adherence to and retention in medications for opioid use disorder among adolescents and young adults. Epidemiol Rev. 2020;42(1):41\u201356.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"443_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2010.12.007","volume":"59","author":"DA Volpe","year":"2011","unstructured":"Volpe DA, et al. Uniform assessment and ranking of opioid mu receptor binding constants for selected opioid drugs. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2011;59(3):385\u201390.","journal-title":"Regul Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"443_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0197734","volume":"13","author":"CR Ellis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ellis CR, et al. Predicting opioid receptor binding affinity of pharmacologically unclassified designer substances using molecular docking. PLoS\u00a0One. 2018;13(5): e0197734.","journal-title":"PLoS\u00a0One"},{"key":"443_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000935","volume":"16","author":"H Brogdon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Brogdon H, et al. Rapid transition to buprenorphine in a patient with methadone-related QTc interval prolongation. J Addict Med. 2022;16:488\u201391.","journal-title":"J Addict Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"443_CR78","first-page":"56","volume":"5","author":"V Urban","year":"2008","unstructured":"Urban V, Sullivan R. Buprenorphine rescue from naltrexone-induced opioid withdrawal during relatively rapid detoxification from high-dose methadone: a novel approach. Psychiatry (Edgmont). 2008;5(4):56\u20138.","journal-title":"Psychiatry (Edgmont)"},{"issue":"2","key":"443_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2019.1573776","volume":"40","author":"HB Ward","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ward HB, Barnett BS, Suzuki J. Rapid transition from methadone to buprenorphine using naltrexone-induced withdrawal: a case report. Subst Abus. 2019;40(2):140\u20135.","journal-title":"Subst Abus"},{"issue":"12","key":"443_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.05.053","volume":"37","author":"AA Herring","year":"2019","unstructured":"Herring AA, et al. Rapid induction onto sublingual buprenorphine after opioid overdose and successful linkage to treatment for opioid use disorder. Am J Emerg Med. 2019;37(12):2259\u201362.","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"443_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2019.12.015","volume":"75","author":"AA Herring","year":"2020","unstructured":"Herring AA. Postoverdose initiation of buprenorphine after naloxone-precipitated withdrawal is encouraged as a standard practice in the California Bridge Network of Hospitals. Ann Emerg Med. 2020;75(4):552\u20133.","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"443_CR82","first-page":"688","volume":"297","author":"P Huang","year":"2001","unstructured":"Huang P, et al. Comparison of pharmacological activities of buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine: norbuprenorphine is a potent opioid agonist. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001;297(2):688\u201395.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"443_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200544070-00001","volume":"44","author":"A Elkader","year":"2005","unstructured":"Elkader A, Sproule B. Buprenorphine: clinical pharmacokinetics in the treatment of opioid dependence. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2005;44(7):661\u201380.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"443_CR84","unstructured":"Product Information: buprenorphine HCl sublingual tablets, buprenorphine HCl sublingual tablets; 2012. Columbus: Roxane Laboratories, Inc."},{"issue":"1","key":"443_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(00)00126-5","volume":"61","author":"DS Harris","year":"2000","unstructured":"Harris DS, et al. Buprenorphine and naloxone co-administration in opiate-dependent patients stabilized on sublingual buprenorphine. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2000;61(1):85\u201394.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"6","key":"443_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2011.01482.x","volume":"165","author":"VC Dang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dang VC, Christie MJ. Mechanisms of rapid opioid receptor desensitization, resensitization and tolerance in brain neurons. Br J Pharmacol. 2012;165(6):1704\u201316.","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"443_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1097\/FBP.0b013e32834a1f2c","volume":"22","author":"C Gaveriaux-Ruff","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gaveriaux-Ruff C, Kieffer BL. Delta opioid receptor analgesia: recent contributions from pharmacology and molecular approaches. Behav Pharmacol. 2011;22(5\u20136):405\u201314.","journal-title":"Behav Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"443_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-020-02172-4","volume":"127","author":"S Berthiaume","year":"2020","unstructured":"Berthiaume S, et al. Alleviating pain with delta opioid receptor agonists: evidence from experimental models. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2020;127(4):661\u201372.","journal-title":"J Neural Transm (Vienna)"},{"issue":"21","key":"443_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5092","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25215092","volume":"25","author":"H Schmidhammer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schmidhammer H, et al. Development of diphenethylamines as selective kappa opioid receptor ligands and their pharmacological activities. Molecules. 2020;25(21):5092.","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"5","key":"443_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1994.71","volume":"55","author":"SL Walsh","year":"1994","unstructured":"Walsh SL, et al. Clinical pharmacology of buprenorphine: ceiling effects at high doses. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1994;55(5):569\u201380.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"443_CR91","unstructured":"Division, D.D.C. Controlled substance schedules. April 26, 2022. https:\/\/www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov\/schedules\/."},{"issue":"3","key":"443_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2004.07.005","volume":"29","author":"RE Johnson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Johnson RE, Fudala PJ, Payne R. Buprenorphine: considerations for pain management. J Pain Symptom Manag. 2005;29(3):297\u2013326.","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manag"},{"issue":"8","key":"443_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2004.00790.x","volume":"99","author":"S Pirnay","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pirnay S, et al. A critical review of the causes of death among post-mortem toxicological investigations: analysis of 34 buprenorphine-associated and 35 methadone-associated deaths. Addiction. 2004;99(8):978\u201388.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"6","key":"443_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jcp.0000245561.99036.49","volume":"26","author":"M Soyka","year":"2006","unstructured":"Soyka M, et al. One-year mortality rates of patients receiving methadone and buprenorphine maintenance therapy: a nationally representative cohort study in 2694 patients. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2006;26(6):657\u201360.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"443_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.1.39","volume":"285","author":"M Auriacombe","year":"2001","unstructured":"Auriacombe M, Franques P, Tignol J. Deaths attributable to methadone vs buprenorphine in France. JAMA. 2001;285(1):45.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"443_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j1550","volume":"357","author":"L Sordo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sordo L, et al. Mortality risk during and after opioid substitution treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. BMJ. 2017;357: j1550.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"443_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2009.03.020","volume":"104","author":"JR Bell","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bell JR, et al. Comparing overdose mortality associated with methadone and buprenorphine treatment. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2009;104(1\u20132):73\u20137.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"2","key":"443_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.2165\/00139709-200625020-00002","volume":"25","author":"B Megarbane","year":"2006","unstructured":"Megarbane B, et al. Does high-dose buprenorphine cause respiratory depression?: possible mechanisms and therapeutic consequences. Toxicol Rev. 2006;25(2):79\u201385.","journal-title":"Toxicol Rev"},{"key":"443_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2018.08.010","volume":"291","author":"P Kriikku","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kriikku P, Hakkinen M, Ojanpera I. High buprenorphine-related mortality is persistent in Finland. Forensic Sci Int. 2018;291:76\u201382.","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"443_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2021.02.026","volume":"61","author":"P Vakkalanka","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vakkalanka P, et al. Association between buprenorphine for opioid use disorder and mortality risk. Am J Prev Med. 2021;61(3):418\u201327.","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"443_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-020-00795-3","volume":"17","author":"RS Wightman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wightman RS, et al. Opioid overdose deaths with buprenorphine detected in postmortem toxicology: a retrospective analysis. J Med Toxicol. 2021;17(1):10\u20135.","journal-title":"J Med Toxicol"},{"issue":"25","key":"443_CR102","first-page":"1023","volume":"55","author":"JW Downing","year":"1979","unstructured":"Downing JW, Goodwin NM, Hicks J. The respiratory depressive effects of intravenous buprenorphine in patients in an intensive care unit. S Afr Med J. 1979;55(25):1023\u20137.","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"443_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/54.1.37","volume":"54","author":"PJ Watson","year":"1982","unstructured":"Watson PJ, et al. Single-dose comparison of buprenorphine 0.3 and 0.6 mg i.v. given after operation: clinical effects and plasma concentration. Br J Anaesth. 1982;54(1):37\u201343.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"6","key":"443_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/22.6.430","volume":"22","author":"A Tracqui","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tracqui A, Kintz P, Ludes B. Buprenorphine-related deaths among drug addicts in France: a report on 20 fatalities. J Anal Toxicol. 1998;22(6):430\u20134.","journal-title":"J Anal Toxicol"},{"issue":"6","key":"443_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922819829038","volume":"58","author":"M Lo Re","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lo Re M, et al. Buprenorphine overdose in young children: an underappreciated risk. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2019;58(6):613\u20137.","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"443_CR106","first-page":"32","volume":"12","author":"RA Sansone","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sansone RA, Sansone LA. Buprenorphine treatment for narcotic addiction: not without risks. Innov Clin Neurosci. 2015;12(3\u20134):32\u20136.","journal-title":"Innov Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"443_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14886","volume":"115","author":"TW Park","year":"2020","unstructured":"Park TW, et al. Associations between prescribed benzodiazepines, overdose death and buprenorphine discontinuation among people receiving buprenorphine. Addiction. 2020;115(5):924\u201332.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"4","key":"443_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13228","volume":"40","author":"B Oakley","year":"2021","unstructured":"Oakley B, et al. Managing opioid withdrawal precipitated by buprenorphine with buprenorphine. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2021;40(4):567\u201371.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"443_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000396","volume":"12","author":"N Lintzeris","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lintzeris N, et al. Transferring patients from methadone to buprenorphine: the feasibility and evaluation of practice guidelines. J Addict Med. 2018;12(3):234\u201340.","journal-title":"J Addict Med"},{"key":"443_CR110","unstructured":"SAMHSA. Buprenorphine. 2022 May 3; 2022. https:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/medication-assisted-treatment\/medications-counseling-related-conditions\/buprenorphine."},{"issue":"1","key":"443_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s13722-021-00220-2","volume":"16","author":"JSH Wong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wong JSH, et al. Comparing rapid micro-induction and standard induction of buprenorphine\/naloxone for treatment of opioid use disorder: protocol for an open-label, parallel-group, superiority, randomized controlled trial. Addict Sci Clin Pract. 2021;16(1):11.","journal-title":"Addict Sci Clin Pract"},{"key":"443_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The ASAM national practice guideline for the treatment of opioid use disorder: 2020 focused update. J Addict Med. 2020;14(2S Suppl 1):1\u201391.","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000633"},{"key":"443_CR113","unstructured":"SUBOXONE\u00ae (buprenorphine and naloxone) product monograph. Berkshire: Indivior UK Limited; 2007."},{"key":"443_CR114","unstructured":"SAMHSA. Treatment improvement protocol TIP 63. Medications for opioid use disorder: for healthcare and addiction professionals, policymakers, patients, and families. SAMHSA; 2021."},{"key":"443_CR115","unstructured":"NAABT. Precipitated withdrawal. What it is. How to avoid it. 2011 June 23; 2022. https:\/\/www.naabt.org\/documents\/cows_induction_flow_sheet.pdf."},{"key":"443_CR116","unstructured":"NAABT. Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS). Flowsheet for measuring symptoms over a period of time during buprenorphine induction. May 3, 2022. https:\/\/naabt.org\/documents\/cows_induction_flow_sheet.pdf."},{"issue":"4","key":"443_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.13135","volume":"30","author":"S Ahmed","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ahmed S, et al. Microinduction of buprenorphine\/naloxone: a review of the literature. Am J Addict. 2021;30(4):305\u201315.","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"issue":"1","key":"443_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12333","volume":"109","author":"YI Hser","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hser YI, et al. Treatment retention among patients randomized to buprenorphine\/naloxone compared to methadone in a multi-site trial. Addiction. 2014;109(1):79\u201387.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"5","key":"443_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2014.921743","volume":"46","author":"C Teruya","year":"2014","unstructured":"Teruya C, et al. Patient perspectives on buprenorphine\/naloxone: a qualitative study of retention during the starting treatment with agonist replacement therapies (START) study. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2014;46(5):412\u201326.","journal-title":"J Psychoactive Drugs"},{"issue":"1","key":"443_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2010.04.001","volume":"39","author":"SD Whitley","year":"2010","unstructured":"Whitley SD, et al. Factors associated with complicated buprenorphine inductions. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2010;39(1):51\u20137.","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"issue":"1","key":"443_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12680","volume":"25","author":"KE Dunn","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dunn KE, et al. Preliminary evidence of different and clinically meaningful opioid withdrawal phenotypes. Addict Biol. 2020;25(1): e12680.","journal-title":"Addict Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"443_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s13722-021-00244-8","volume":"16","author":"KK Adams","year":"2021","unstructured":"Adams KK, Machnicz M, Sobieraj DM. Initiating buprenorphine to treat opioid use disorder without prerequisite withdrawal: a systematic review. Addict Sci Clin Pract. 2021;16(1):36.","journal-title":"Addict Sci Clin Pract"},{"issue":"5","key":"443_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s12012-020-09624-z","volume":"21","author":"N Jamshidi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jamshidi N, Clark D, Murnion B. Recurrent takotsubo cardiomyopathy associated with opioid withdrawal during buprenorphine induction. Cardiovasc Toxicol. 2021;21(5):349\u201353.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Toxicol"},{"issue":"9","key":"443_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2018.1437921","volume":"56","author":"RM Surmaitis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Surmaitis RM, et al. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy associated with buprenorphine precipitated withdrawal. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2018;56(9):863\u20134.","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol (Phila)"},{"issue":"1","key":"443_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2017.10.001","volume":"47","author":"PC Olson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Olson PC, et al. Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy precipitated by opiate withdrawal. Heart Lung. 2018;47(1):73\u20135.","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"issue":"2","key":"443_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmab073","volume":"39","author":"THN Quattlebaum","year":"2022","unstructured":"Quattlebaum THN, Kiyokawa M, Murata KA. A case of buprenorphine-precipitated withdrawal managed with high-dose buprenorphine. Fam Pract. 2022;39(2):292\u20134.","journal-title":"Fam Pract"},{"key":"443_CR127","unstructured":"CDER. Clinical pharmacology and biopharmaceutics review(s). May 5; 2022. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/nda\/2002\/20-733_Subutex_BioPharmr.pdf."},{"issue":"2","key":"443_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.4172\/2157-7609.1000240","volume":"9","author":"DM Strickland","year":"2018","unstructured":"Strickland DM, Burson JK. Sublingual absorption of naloxone in a large clinical population. J Drug Metab Toxicol. 2018;9(2):240.","journal-title":"J Drug Metab Toxicol"},{"key":"443_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1747-597X-3-16","volume":"3","author":"K Simojoki","year":"2008","unstructured":"Simojoki K, Vorma H, Alho H. A retrospective evaluation of patients switched from buprenorphine (Subutex) to the buprenorphine\/naloxone combination (Suboxone). Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2008;3:16.","journal-title":"Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy"},{"key":"443_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102121","volume":"53","author":"G Bhatia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bhatia G, Sarkar S. Sublingual buprenorphine-naloxone precipitated withdrawal\u2014a case report with review of literature and clinical considerations. Asian J Psychiatry. 2020;53: 102121.","journal-title":"Asian J Psychiatry"},{"key":"443_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1097\/02024458-201706000-00006","volume":"8","author":"S Cortina","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cortina S, et al. Case report: high-dose methadone transition to buprenorphine\/naloxone in an inpatient with a prolonged QT interval. Can J Addict. 2017;8:25\u20138.","journal-title":"Can J Addict"},{"key":"443_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.2147\/SAR.S109919","volume":"7","author":"R Hammig","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hammig R, et al. Use of microdoses for induction of buprenorphine treatment with overlapping full opioid agonist use: the Bernese method. Subst Abuse Rehabil. 2016;7:99\u2013105.","journal-title":"Subst Abuse Rehabil"},{"issue":"1","key":"443_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.28766","volume":"68","author":"BM Buchheit","year":"2021","unstructured":"Buchheit BM, et al. Ambulatory microdose induction of buprenorphine-naloxone in two adolescent patients with sickle cell disease. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2021;68(1): e28766.","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"issue":"6","key":"443_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.13050","volume":"29","author":"P Azar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Azar P, et al. A case report: rapid micro-induction of buprenorphine\/naloxone to administer buprenorphine extended-release in an adolescent with severe opioid use disorder. Am J Addict. 2020;29(6):531\u20135.","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"issue":"5","key":"443_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2021.04.007","volume":"62","author":"M Irwin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Irwin M, et al. Buprenorphine for chronic pain in a pediatric patient with sickle-cell disease. J Pain Symptom Manag. 2021;62(5):1086\u201391.","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manag"},{"key":"443_CR136","unstructured":"BUTRANS\u00ae (buprenorphine) Transdermal System for transdermal administration CIII [Package Insert]; 2014. Stamford: Purdue Pharma L.P."},{"issue":"5","key":"443_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1521-0391.2011.00159.x","volume":"20","author":"M Hess","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hess M, et al. Transdermal buprenorphine to switch patients from higher dose methadone to buprenorphine without severe withdrawal symptoms. Am J Addict. 2011;20(5):480\u20131.","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"issue":"1","key":"443_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.12964","volume":"29","author":"VM Tang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tang VM, et al. Case series: limited opioid withdrawal with use of transdermal buprenorphine to bridge to sublingual buprenorphine in hospitalized patients. Am J Addict. 2020;29(1):73\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"issue":"4","key":"443_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e504","DOI":"10.1097\/MJT.0000000000001108","volume":"28","author":"A Raheemullah","year":"2019","unstructured":"Raheemullah A, Lembke A. Buprenorphine induction without opioid withdrawal: a case series of 15 opioid-dependent inpatients induced on buprenorphine using microdoses of transdermal buprenorphine. Am J Ther. 2019;28(4):e504\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Ther"},{"issue":"8","key":"443_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.12809","volume":"27","author":"P Azar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Azar P, Nikoo M, Miles I. Methadone to buprenorphine\/naloxone induction without withdrawal utilizing transdermal fentanyl bridge in an inpatient setting-Azar method. Am J Addict. 2018;27(8):601\u20134.","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"issue":"3","key":"443_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2019-233715","volume":"13","author":"MDG Caulfield","year":"2020","unstructured":"Caulfield MDG, et al. Transitioning a patient from injectable opioid agonist therapy to sublingual buprenorphine\/naloxone for the treatment of opioid use disorder using a microdosing approach. BMJ Case Rep. 2020;13(3): e233715.","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"443_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2019.1610200","volume":"51","author":"M Vogel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vogel M, et al. Chronic high-dose buprenorphine does not block subjective high from diacetylmorphine in a patient in heroin-assisted treatment. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2019;51(4):377\u201382.","journal-title":"J Psychoactive Drugs"},{"issue":"4","key":"443_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.13153","volume":"30","author":"ZH Latif","year":"2021","unstructured":"Latif ZH, et al. Chronic pain among patients with an opioid use disorder. Am J Addict. 2021;30(4):366\u201375.","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"issue":"1","key":"443_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-015-0521-9","volume":"12","author":"EA Salsitz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Salsitz EA. Chronic pain, chronic opioid addiction: a complex nexus. J Med Toxicol. 2016;12(1):54\u20137.","journal-title":"J Med Toxicol"},{"issue":"1","key":"443_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s40122-019-00143-6","volume":"9","author":"J Gudin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gudin J, Fudin J. A narrative pharmacological review of buprenorphine: a unique opioid for the treatment of chronic pain. Pain Ther. 2020;9(1):41\u201354.","journal-title":"Pain Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"443_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000170","volume":"120","author":"KY Chen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen KY, Chen L, Mao J. Buprenorphine-naloxone therapy in pain management. Anesthesiology. 2014;120(5):1262\u201374.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"443_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2005.06.030","volume":"118","author":"W Koppert","year":"2005","unstructured":"Koppert W, et al. Different profiles of buprenorphine-induced analgesia and antihyperalgesia in a human pain model. Pain. 2005;118(1\u20132):15\u201322.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"443_CR148","first-page":"193","volume":"53","author":"WW Zuurmond","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zuurmond WW, Meert TF, Noorduin H. Partial versus full agonists for opioid-mediated analgesia\u2014focus on fentanyl and buprenorphine. Acta Anaesthesiol Belg. 2002;53(3):193\u2013201.","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Belg"},{"issue":"6","key":"443_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpt.12196","volume":"39","author":"RB Raffa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Raffa RB, et al. The clinical analgesic efficacy of buprenorphine. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2014;39(6):577\u201383.","journal-title":"J Clin Pharm Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"443_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/ael051","volume":"96","author":"A Dahan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dahan A, et al. Buprenorphine induces ceiling in respiratory depression but not in analgesia. Br J Anaesth. 2006;96(5):627\u201332.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"443_CR151","first-page":"288","volume":"41","author":"SL Wallenstein","year":"1982","unstructured":"Wallenstein SL, et al. Clinical analgesic assay of sublingual buprenorphine and intramuscular morphine. NIDA Res Monogr. 1982;41:288\u201393.","journal-title":"NIDA Res Monogr"},{"issue":"9","key":"443_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1981.tb08867.x","volume":"36","author":"K Budd","year":"1981","unstructured":"Budd K. High dose buprenorphine for postoperative analgesia. Anaesthesia. 1981;36(9):900\u20133.","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"443_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.2741\/2147","volume":"12","author":"MC Pace","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pace MC, et al. Buprenorphine in long-term control of chronic pain in cancer patients. Front Biosci. 2007;12:1291\u20139.","journal-title":"Front Biosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"443_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdw097","volume":"27","author":"O Corli","year":"2016","unstructured":"Corli O, et al. Are strong opioids equally effective and safe in the treatment of chronic cancer pain? A multicenter randomized phase IV \u201creal life\u201d trial on the variability of response to opioids. Ann Oncol. 2016;27(6):1107\u201315.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"443_CR155","first-page":"109","volume":"16","author":"F Brema","year":"1996","unstructured":"Brema F, et al. Oral tramadol and buprenorphine in tumour pain. An Italian multicentre trial. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res. 1996;16(4\u20135):109\u201316.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharmacol Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"443_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002718","volume":"127","author":"R Aiyer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aiyer R, et al. Treatment of chronic pain with various buprenorphine formulations: a systematic review of clinical studies. Anesth Analg. 2018;127(2):529\u201338.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"5","key":"443_CR157","first-page":"899","volume":"17","author":"L Webster","year":"2016","unstructured":"Webster L, et al. Evaluation of the tolerability of switching patients on chronic full mu-opioid agonist therapy to buccal buprenorphine. Pain Med. 2016;17(5):899\u2013907.","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"443_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12011","volume":"14","author":"F Mitra","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mitra F, et al. A feasibility study of transdermal buprenorphine versus transdermal fentanyl in the long-term management of persistent non-cancer pain. Pain Med. 2013;14(1):75\u201383.","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"443_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2020.07.029","volume":"60","author":"K Quirk","year":"2020","unstructured":"Quirk K, et al. Sublingual buprenorphine for pediatric cancer pain: a case report and review of the literature. J Pain Symptom Manag. 2020;60(5):1055\u20138.","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manag"},{"key":"443_CR160","unstructured":"Product Information: BELBUCA(TM) buccal film, buprenorpine buccal film; 2015. Malvern: Endo Pharmaceuticals Inc."},{"key":"443_CR161","unstructured":"Product Information: Butrans(TM) transdermal patch, buprenorphine transdermal patch; 2019. Stamford: Purdue Pharma L.P."},{"key":"443_CR162","unstructured":"Product Information: SUBOXONE(R) sublingual film, buccal film, buprenorphine naloxone sublingual film, buccal film; 2015. Richmond: Indivior Inc."},{"key":"443_CR163","unstructured":"Product Information: BUNAVAIL(TM) buccal film, buprenorphine naloxone buccal film; 2014. Raleigh: BioDelivery Sciences International."},{"issue":"2","key":"443_CR164","first-page":"P29","volume":"69","author":"J Mendelson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mendelson J, et al. Bioavailability of oral and sublingual buprenorphine and naloxone tablets (abstract PI-113). Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2001;69(2):P29.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"443_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1981.tb01189.x","volume":"12","author":"RE Bullingham","year":"1981","unstructured":"Bullingham RE, et al. Sublingual buprenorphine used postoperatively: clinical observations and preliminary pharmacokinetic analysis. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1981;12(2):117\u201322.","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3 Suppl","key":"443_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ES59","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2012\/15\/ES59","volume":"15","author":"J Daitch","year":"2012","unstructured":"Daitch J, et al. Conversion of chronic pain patients from full-opioid agonists to sublingual buprenorphine. Pain Physician. 2012;15(3 Suppl):ES59\u201366.","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"issue":"4","key":"443_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2012.08.010","volume":"43","author":"PA Pade","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pade PA, et al. Prescription opioid abuse, chronic pain, and primary care: a co-occurring disorders clinic in the chronic disease model. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2012;43(4):446\u201350.","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"key":"443_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/adar.2021.10009","volume":"1","author":"CM Cameron","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cameron CM, et al. Mechanisms underlying the anti-suicidal treatment potential of buprenorphine. Adv Drug Alcohol Res. 2021;1: 10009.","journal-title":"Adv Drug Alcohol Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"443_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pny217","volume":"20","author":"AN Quaye","year":"2019","unstructured":"Quaye AN, Zhang Y. Perioperative management of buprenorphine: solving the conundrum. Pain Med. 2019;20(7):1395\u2013408.","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"443_CR170","unstructured":"ACOG. Opioid use and opioid use disorder in pregnancy. ACOG. 2017(711)."},{"issue":"5","key":"443_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1973.03220320013004","volume":"225","author":"G Blinick","year":"1973","unstructured":"Blinick G, Jerez E, Wallach RC. Methadone maintenance, pregnancy, and progeny. JAMA. 1973;225(5):477\u20139.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5150","key":"443_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1038\/219180a0","volume":"219","author":"G Blinick","year":"1968","unstructured":"Blinick G. Menstrual function and pregnancy in narcotics addicts treated with methadone. Nature. 1968;219(5150):180.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2 Suppl","key":"443_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(03)00062-0","volume":"70","author":"RE Johnson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Johnson RE, Jones HE, Fischer G. Use of buprenorphine in pregnancy: patient management and effects on the neonate. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2003;70(2 Suppl):S87-101.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"443_CR174","unstructured":"FDA. Subutex (Buprenorphine HCI) Suboxone (Buprenorphine HCI & Naloxone HCI Dihydrate) Tablets. 2002 October 26; 2022. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/nda\/2002\/20-732_20-733_Subutex.cfm#:~:text=Subutex%20%28Buprenorphine%20HCI%29%20Suboxone%20%28Buprenorphine%20HCI%20%26%20Naloxone,Application%20No.%3A%20020732%20%26%20020733%20Approval%20Date%3A%2010%2F08%2F2002."},{"key":"443_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2022.108765","volume":"139","author":"DM Schiff","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schiff DM, et al. \u201cYou have to take this medication, but then you get punished for taking it:\u201d lack of agency, choice, and fear of medications to treat opioid use disorder across the perinatal period. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2022;139: 108765.","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"issue":"24","key":"443_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2320","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1005359","volume":"363","author":"HE Jones","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jones HE, et al. Neonatal abstinence syndrome after methadone or buprenorphine exposure. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(24):2320\u201331.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"443_CR177","volume":"11","author":"S Minozzi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Minozzi S, et al. Maintenance agonist treatments for opiate-dependent pregnant women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020;11: CD006318.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"443_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e385","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1593993","volume":"6","author":"SL Wiegand","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wiegand SL, et al. Naloxone and metabolites quantification in cord blood of prenatally exposed newborns and correlations with maternal concentrations. AJP Rep. 2016;6(4):e385\u201390.","journal-title":"AJP Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"443_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100179","volume":"2","author":"HM Link","year":"2020","unstructured":"Link HM, et al. Buprenorphine-naloxone use in pregnancy: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM. 2020;2(3): 100179.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM"},{"key":"443_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.11.030","volume":"185","author":"K Kaltenbach","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kaltenbach K, et al. Prenatal exposure to methadone or buprenorphine: early childhood developmental outcomes. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2018;185:40\u20139.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"3","key":"443_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e796","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-1985","volume":"132","author":"HC Sachs","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sachs HC, Committee on Drugs. The transfer of drugs and therapeutics into human breast milk: an update on selected topics. Pediatrics. 2013;132(3):e796\u2013809.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"443_CR182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.00238","volume":"10","author":"M Wilde","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wilde M, et al. Metabolic pathways and potencies of new fentanyl analogs. Front Pharmacol. 2019;10:238.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"443_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-019-01294-y","volume":"66","author":"JLS Leen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Leen JLS, Juurlink DN. Carfentanil: a narrative review of its pharmacology and public health concerns. Can J Anaesth. 2019;66(4):414\u201321.","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"issue":"17","key":"443_CR184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2014.07.033","volume":"22","author":"G Weltrowska","year":"2014","unstructured":"Weltrowska G, et al. \u2019Carba\u2019-carfentanil (trans isomer): a mu opioid receptor (MOR) partial agonist with a distinct binding mode. Bioorg Med Chem. 2014;22(17):4581\u20136.","journal-title":"Bioorg Med Chem"},{"key":"443_CR185","unstructured":"NIDDK. LiverTox: clinical and research information on drug-induced liver injury [Internet]: Naloxone, in LiverTox; 2020. Bethesda: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases."},{"issue":"6","key":"443_CR186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2008.03286.x","volume":"66","author":"U Halbsguth","year":"2008","unstructured":"Halbsguth U, et al. Oral diacetylmorphine (heroin) yields greater morphine bioavailability than oral morphine: bioavailability related to dosage and prior opioid exposure. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2008;66(6):781\u201391.","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"443_CR187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.07.035","volume":"144","author":"MK Greenwald","year":"2014","unstructured":"Greenwald MK, Comer SD, Fiellin DA. Buprenorphine maintenance and mu-opioid receptor availability in the treatment of opioid use disorder: implications for clinical use and policy. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2014;144:1\u201311.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"3","key":"443_CR188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(00)00110-X","volume":"23","author":"J Zubieta","year":"2000","unstructured":"Zubieta J, et al. Buprenorphine-induced changes in mu-opioid receptor availability in male heroin-dependent volunteers: a preliminary study. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2000;23(3):326\u201334.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"4","key":"443_CR189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-005-0023-6","volume":"181","author":"SD Comer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Comer SD, Walker EA, Collins ED. Buprenorphine\/naloxone reduces the reinforcing and subjective effects of heroin in heroin-dependent volunteers. Psychopharmacology. 2005;181(4):664\u201375.","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"11","key":"443_CR190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300251","volume":"28","author":"MK Greenwald","year":"2003","unstructured":"Greenwald MK, et al. Effects of buprenorphine maintenance dose on mu-opioid receptor availability, plasma concentrations, and antagonist blockade in heroin-dependent volunteers. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003;28(11):2000\u20139.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"}],"container-title":["Drugs in R&D"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40268-023-00443-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40268-023-00443-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40268-023-00443-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,25]],"date-time":"2023-11-25T05:07:52Z","timestamp":1700888872000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40268-023-00443-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]]},"references-count":190,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["443"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40268-023-00443-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1174-5886","1179-6901"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1174-5886","type":"print"},{"value":"1179-6901","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 September 2023","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 November 2023","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This work did not receive funding.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Funding"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interests to declare.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"JW and EC contributed to conception and design of the article. All authors contributed to the literature search. All authors contributed to the drafting and revision process.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Author contributions"}},{"value":"This study was not human-subjects research and, as such, did not require ethics approval.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Availability of data and materials"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":9,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Code availability"}}]}}