{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T02:43:09Z","timestamp":1792723389646,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,16]],"date-time":"2013-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1358294400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Drugs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40272-012-0004-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,15]],"date-time":"2013-01-15T14:50:14Z","timestamp":1358261414000},"page":"19-27","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":115,"title":["Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Neonates and Infants"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Steven J.","family":"Czinn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samra","family":"Blanchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"4_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.129","volume":"104","author":"PM Sherman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sherman PM, Hassall E, Fagundes-Neto U, et al. A global, evidence-based consensus on the definition of gastroesophageal reflux disease in the pediatric population. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009;104:1278\u201395.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"4_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2009.01306.x","volume":"98","author":"B Hegar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hegar B, Dewanti NR, Kadim M, et al. Natural evolution of regurgitation in healthy infants. Acta Paediatr. 2009;98:1189\u201393.","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"4_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200201000-00015","volume":"34","author":"S Osatakul","year":"2002","unstructured":"Osatakul S, Sriplung H, Puetpaiboon A, et al. Prevalence and natural course of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms: a 1-year cohort study in Thai infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2002;34(1):63\u20137.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"4_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.109.6.1061","volume":"109","author":"AJ Martin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Martin AJ, Pratt N, Kennedy JD, et al. Natural history and familial relationships of infant spilling to 9\u00a0years of age. Pediatrics. 2002;109:1061\u20137.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"4_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.88.4.834","volume":"88","author":"Y Vandeplas","year":"1991","unstructured":"Vandeplas Y, Goyvaerts H, Helven R, et al. Gastroesophageal reflux, as measured by 24-hour pH monitoring, in 509 healthy infants screened for risk of sudden infant death syndrome. Pediatrics. 1991;88:834\u201340.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"4_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200311001-00003","volume":"37","author":"RB Coletti","year":"2003","unstructured":"Coletti RB, DiLorenzo C. Overview of pediatric gastroesophageal reflux disease and proton pump inhibitor therapy. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2003;37:S7\u201311.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"4_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.51.4.475","volume":"51","author":"TI Omari","year":"2002","unstructured":"Omari TI, Barnett CP, Benninga MA, et al. Mechanisms of gastro-oesophageal reflux in preterm and term infants with reflux disease. Gut. 2002;51(4):475\u20139.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"4_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S17","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200311001-00005","volume":"37","author":"G Davidson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Davidson G. The role of lower esophageal sphincter function and dysmotility in gastroesophageal reflux in premature infants and in the first year of life. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2003;37:S17\u201322.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"4_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(95)90741-6","volume":"109","author":"TI Omari","year":"1995","unstructured":"Omari TI, Miki K, Fraser R, et al. Esophageal body and lower esophageal sphincter function in healthy premature infants. Gastroenterology. 1995;109:1757\u201364.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"4_CR10","first-page":"A498","volume":"104","author":"C Lorenzo Di","year":"1993","unstructured":"Di Lorenzo C, Mertz H, Alvarez S, et al. Gastric receptive relaxation is absent in newborn infants [abstract]. Gastroenterology. 1993;104:A498.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"4_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200101000-00017","volume":"32","author":"AM Ravelli","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ravelli AM, Tobanelli P, Volpi S, et al. Vomiting and gastric motility in infants with cow\u2019s milk allergy. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2001;32:59\u201364.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"4_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(03)00242-7","volume":"143","author":"SR Jadcherla","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jadcherla SR, Duong HQ, Hoffmann RG, et al. Esophageal body and upper esophageal sphincter motor responses to esophageal provocation during maturation in preterm newborns. J Pediatr. 2003;143:31\u20138.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"4_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3782(93)90108-7","volume":"35","author":"EJ Kelly","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kelly EJ, Newell SJ, Brownlee KG, et al. Gastric acid secretion in preterm infants. Early Hum Dev. 1993;35:215\u201320.","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"4_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-199207000-00009","volume":"15","author":"B Weisselberg","year":"1992","unstructured":"Weisselberg B, Yahav J, Reichman B, et al. Basal and meal-stimulated pepsinogen secretion in preterm infants: a longitudinal study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1992;15:58\u201362.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"4_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mpg.0000361306.15727.54","volume":"49","author":"Y Vandenplas","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vandenplas Y, Rudolph CD, Di Lorenzo C, et al. Pediatric gastroesophageal reflux clinical practice guidelines: joint recommendations of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (NASPGHAN) and the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2009;49(4):498\u2013547.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"4_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/3-211-32317-1_4","volume-title":"Gastroesophageal reflux disease","author":"S Khan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Khan S, Orenstein SR. Gastroesophageal reflux disease in infants and children. In: Granderath FA, Kamolz T, Pointner R, editors. Gastroesophageal reflux disease. New York: Springer; 2006. p. 45\u201364."},{"key":"4_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1177\/000992289403301104","volume":"33","author":"AP Feranchak","year":"1994","unstructured":"Feranchak AP, Orenstein SR, Cohn JF. Behaviors associated with onset of gastroesophageal reflux episodes in infants: prospective study using split-screen video and pH probe. Clin Pediatr. 1994;33:654\u201362.","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr"},{"key":"4_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-004-1403-3","volume":"163","author":"Y Vandenplas","year":"2004","unstructured":"Vandenplas Y, Badriul H, Verghote M, et al. Oesophageal pH monitoring and reflux oesophagitis in irritable infants. Eur J Pediatr. 2004;163:300\u20134.","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"4_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.110.5.972","volume":"110","author":"S Salvatore","year":"2002","unstructured":"Salvatore S, Vandenplas Y. Gastroesophageal reflux and cow milk allergy: is there a link? Pediatrics. 2002;110:972\u201384.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"4_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200410000-00015","volume":"39","author":"RG Nielsen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nielsen RG, Bindslev-Jensen C, Kruse-Andersen S, et al. Severe gastroesophageal reflux disease and cow milk hypersensitivity in infants and children: disease association and evaluation of a new challenge procedure. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2004;39:383\u201391.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"4_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2009.11.016","volume":"11","author":"CF Poets","year":"2010","unstructured":"Poets CF. Apnea of prematurity: what can observational studies tell us about pathophysiology. Sleep Med. 2010;11:701\u20137.","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"4_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2001.111324","volume":"138","author":"AL Kimball","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kimball AL, Carlton DP. Gastroesophageal reflux medications in the treatment of apnea in premature infants. J Pediatr. 2001;138:355\u201360.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"4_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1177\/000992289603501201","volume":"35","author":"SR Orenstein","year":"1996","unstructured":"Orenstein SR, Shalaby TM, Cohn JF. Reflux symptoms in 100 normal infants: diagnostic validity of the infant gastroesophageal reflux questionnaire. Clin Pediatr. 1996;35:607\u201314.","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr"},{"key":"4_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2006.02.016","volume":"4","author":"L Kleinman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kleinman L, Rothman M, Strauss R, et al. The infant gastroesophageal reflux questionnaire revised: development and validation as an evaluative instrument. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006;4:588\u201396.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"4_CR25","first-page":"96","volume":"25","author":"S Aggarwal","year":"2004","unstructured":"Aggarwal S, Mittal SK, Kalra KK, et al. Infant gastroesophageal reflux disease score: reproducibility and validity in a developing country. Trop Gastroenterol. 2004;25:96\u20138.","journal-title":"Trop Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01636.x","volume":"103","author":"TL Abell","year":"2008","unstructured":"Abell TL, Camilleri M, Donohoe K, et al. Consensus recommendations for gastric emptying scintigraphy: a joint report of the American Neurogastroenterology and Motility Society and the Society of Nuclear Medicine. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008;103(3):753\u201363.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"4_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3181ffde67","volume":"52","author":"HM Mousa","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mousa HM, Rosen R, Woodley WW, et al. Esophageal impedance monitoring for gastroesophageal reflux. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2011;52:129\u201339.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"4_CR28","first-page":"235","volume-title":"Oesophageal pH monitoring for gastroesophageal reflux in infants and children","author":"Y Vandenplas","year":"1992","unstructured":"Vandenplas Y. Oesophageal pH monitoring for gastroesophageal reflux in infants and children. New York: Wiley; 1992. p. 235\u201344."},{"key":"4_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s10024-003-0203-5","volume":"7","author":"BB Dahms","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dahms BB. Reflux esophagitis: sequelae and differential diagnosis in infants and children including eosinophilic esophagitis. Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2004;7:5\u201316.","journal-title":"Pediatr Dev Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2002.120695","volume":"140","author":"RG Heine","year":"2002","unstructured":"Heine RG, Cameron DJ, Chow CW, et al. Esophagitis in distressed infants: poor diagnostic agreement between esophageal pH monitoring and histopathologic findings. J Pediatr. 2002;140(1):14\u20139.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"4_CR31","first-page":"S4","volume":"53","author":"TG Wenzl","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wenzl TG. Role of diagnostic tests in GERD. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2011;53:S4\u20136.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"4_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-3140","volume":"118","author":"M Lopez-Alonso","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lopez-Alonso M, Moya MJ, Cabo JA, et al. Twenty-four hour esophageal impedance-pH monitoring in healthy preterm neonates: rate and characteristics of acid, weakly acid, and weakly alkaline gastroesophageal reflux. Pediatrics. 2006;118:299\u2013308.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"4_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.mpd0331","volume":"142","author":"TM Shalaby","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shalaby TM, Orenstein SR. Efficacy of telephone teaching of conservative therapy for infants with symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux referred by pediatricians to pediatric gastroenterologist. J Pediatr. 2003;142:57\u201361.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"4_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1268","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1900","volume":"122","author":"A Horvath","year":"2008","unstructured":"Horvath A, Dziechciarz P, Szajewska H. The effect of thickened-feed interventions on gastroesophageal reflux in infants: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Pediatrics. 2008;122:e1268\u201377.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"4_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(96)80160-6","volume":"97","author":"G Iacono","year":"1996","unstructured":"Iacono G, Carroccio A, Cavataio F, et al. Gastroesophageal reflux and cow\u2019s milk allergy in infants: a prospective study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1996;97(3):822\u20137.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"4_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.69.6.768","volume":"62","author":"WF Meyers","year":"1982","unstructured":"Meyers WF, Herbst JJ. Effectiveness of positioning therapy for gastroesophageal reflux. Pediatrics. 1982;62:768\u201372.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"4_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.3.650","volume":"105","author":"American Academy of Pediatrics Task Force on Infant Sleep Position and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome","year":"2000","unstructured":"American Academy of Pediatrics Task Force on Infant Sleep Position and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Changing concepts of sudden infant death syndrome: Implications for Infant sleep environment and sleep position. Pediatrics. 2000;105:650\u20136.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"4_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-1499","volume":"116","author":"American Academy of Pediatrics Task Force on Sudden Infant Death Syndrome","year":"2005","unstructured":"American Academy of Pediatrics Task Force on Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. The changing concept of sudden death syndrome: diagnostic coding shifts, controversies regarding the sleeping environment, and new variables to consider in reducing risk. Pediatrics. 2005;116:1245\u201355.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"4_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2004.05.026","volume":"145","author":"TI Omari","year":"2004","unstructured":"Omari TI, Rommel N, Staunton E, et al. Paradoxical impact of body position on gastroesophageal reflux and gastric emptying in the premature neonate. J Pediatr. 2004;145:194\u2013200.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"4_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2007.06.014","volume":"151","author":"MP Wijk Van","year":"2007","unstructured":"Van Wijk MP, Benniga MA, et al. Effect of body position changes on post prandial gastroesophageal reflux and gastric emptying in the healthy premature neonate. J Pediatr. 2007;151:591\u20136.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"4_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2002.024463","volume":"90","author":"R Buono Del","year":"2005","unstructured":"Del Buono R, Wenzl TG, Ball G, et al. Effect of Gaviscon Infant on gastroesophageal reflux in infants assessed by combined intraluminal impedance \/pH. Arch Dis Child. 2005;90:460\u20133.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"5","key":"4_CR42","first-page":"349","volume":"40","author":"P Levi","year":"1985","unstructured":"Levi P, Marmo F, Saluzzo C, et al. Bethanechol versus antiacids in treatment of gastroesophageal reflux. Helv Paediatr Acta. 1985;40(5):349\u201359.","journal-title":"Helv Paediatr Acta"},{"issue":"3","key":"4_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.2165\/00148581-200911030-00004","volume":"11","author":"MP Tighe","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tighe MP, Afazal NA, Bevan A, et al. Current pharmacological management of gastro-esophageal reflux in children: an evidence-based systematic review. Pediatr Drugs. 2009;11(3):185\u2013202.","journal-title":"Pediatr Drugs"},{"key":"4_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529409094839","volume":"29","author":"A Carroccio","year":"1994","unstructured":"Carroccio A, Iacono G, Montalto F, et al. Domperidone plus magnesium hydroide and aluminium hydroxide: a valid therapy in children with gastroesophageal reflux. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1994;29:300\u20134.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"4_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(85)80315-2","volume":"106","author":"BB Grill","year":"1985","unstructured":"Grill BB, Hillemeier C, Semeraro LA, et al. Effects of domperidone therapy on symptoms and upper gastrointestinal motility in infants with gastro-oesophageal reflux. J Pediatr. 1985;106:311\u20136.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"4_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2005.02422.x","volume":"59","author":"DS Pritchard","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pritchard DS, Baber N, Stephenson T. Should domperidone be used for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux in children? Systematic review of randomized controlled trials in children aged 1\u00a0month to 11\u00a0years old. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2005;59:725\u20139.","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200011000-00006","volume":"31","author":"Y Vandenplas","year":"2000","unstructured":"Vandenplas Y, ESPGHAN Cisapride Panel, European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. Current pediatric indications for cisapride. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2000;31(5):480\u20139.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"4_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maclennan S, Augood C, Cash-Gibson L, et al. Cisapride treatment for gastro-oesophageal reflux in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;(4):CD002300.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002300.pub2"},{"key":"4_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.2.e24","volume":"105","author":"V Khoshoo","year":"2000","unstructured":"Khoshoo V, Edell D, Clarke R. Effect of cisapride on the QT interval in infants with gastroesophageal reflux. Pediatrics. 2000;105:e24.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"4_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(89)80351-8","volume":"115","author":"V Tolia","year":"1989","unstructured":"Tolia V, Calhoun J, Kuhns L, et al. Randomized, prospective double blind trial of metoclopramide and placebo for gastroesophageal reflux in infants. J Pediatr. 1989;115:141\u20135.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"4_CR51","first-page":"40","volume":"55","author":"I Loore De","year":"1979","unstructured":"De Loore I, Van Ravensteyn H, Ameryckx L. Domperidone drops in the symptomatic treatment of chronic paediatric vomiting and regurgitation: a comparison with metoclopramide. Postgrad Med J. 1979;55(Suppl. 1):40\u20132.","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"4_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200201000-00005","volume":"34","author":"SR Jadcherla","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jadcherla SR, Berseth CL. Effect of erythromycin on gastroduodenal contractile activity in developing neonates. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2002;34:16\u201322.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"4_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.156.7.647","volume":"156","author":"WO Cooper","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cooper WO, Griffin MR, Arbogast P, et al. Very early exposure to erythromycin and infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2002;156:647\u201350.","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"4_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ng E, Shah VS. Erythromycin for the prevention and treatment of feeding intolerance in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;(3):CD001815.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001815.pub2"},{"issue":"4","key":"4_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2006.05.029","volume":"149","author":"T Omari","year":"2006","unstructured":"Omari T, Benninga M, Sansom L, et al. Effect of baclofen on esophagogastric motility and gastroesophageal reflux in children with gastroesophageal reflux disease: a randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr. 2006;149(4):468\u201374.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"4_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7211194","volume":"25","author":"LR Moran","year":"2005","unstructured":"Moran LR, Cincotta T, Krishnamoorthy K, et al. The use of baclofen in full-term neonates with hypertonia. J Perinatol. 2005;25:66\u20138.","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"4_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-198902000-00005","volume":"8","author":"S Cucchiara","year":"1989","unstructured":"Cucchiara S, Gobio-Casali L, Balli F, et al. Cimetidine treatment of reflux esophagitis in children: an Italian multicentric study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1989;8:150\u20136.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"4_CR58","first-page":"346","volume":"22","author":"G Oderda","year":"1990","unstructured":"Oderda G, Dell\u2019olio D, Forni M, et al. Treatment of childhood peptic oesophagitis with famotidine and alginate-antacid. Ital J Gastroenterol. 1990;22:346\u20139.","journal-title":"Ital J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"4_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-199707000-00008","volume":"25","author":"D Simeone","year":"1997","unstructured":"Simeone D, Caria MC, Miele E, et al. Treatment of childhood esophagitis: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial of nizatidine. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1997;25:51\u20135.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"4_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00637754","volume":"36","author":"E Mallet","year":"1989","unstructured":"Mallet E, Mouterde O, Dubois F, et al. Use of ranitidine in young infants with gastro-oesophageal reflux. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1989;36:641\u20132.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"4_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F151","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.78.2.F151","volume":"78","author":"A Kuusela","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kuusela A. Long-term gastric pH monitoring for determining optimal dose of ranitidine for critically ill preterm and term neonates. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 1998;78:F151\u20133.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"4_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9270(99)00867-9","volume":"95","author":"JM Ribeiro","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ribeiro JM, Lucas M, Baptista A, et al. Fatal hepatitis associated with ranitidine. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000;95:559\u201360.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"4_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.1997.05268.x","volume":"43","author":"LA Garcia Rodriguez","year":"1997","unstructured":"Garcia Rodriguez LA, Wallander MA, Stricker BH. The risk of acute liver injury associated with cimetidine and other acid-suppressing anti-ulcer drugs. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1997;43:183\u20138.","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"4_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.308.6927.503","volume":"308","author":"LA Garcia Rodriguez","year":"1994","unstructured":"Garcia Rodriguez LA, Jick H. Risk of gynecomastia associated with cimetidine, omeprazole and other antiulcer drugs. BMJ. 1994;308:503\u20136.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"4_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2000.00788.x","volume":"14","author":"CAM Stedman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Stedman CAM, Barclay ML. Review article: comparison of the pharmacokinetics, acid suppression and efficacy of proton pump inhibitors. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2000;14:963\u201378.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"4_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31812e0149","volume":"45","author":"JJ Barron","year":"2007","unstructured":"Barron JJ, Tan H, Spalding J, et al. Proton pump inhibitor utilization patterns in infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2007;45:421\u20137.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"4_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1067\/S0022-3476(03)00207-5","volume":"143","author":"DJ Moore","year":"2003","unstructured":"Moore DJ, Tao BS, Lines DR, et al. Double-blind placebo controlled trial of omeprazole in irritable infants with gastroesophageal reflux. J Pediatr. 2003;143:219\u201323.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"4_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.09.054","volume":"154","author":"SR Orenstein","year":"2009","unstructured":"Orenstein SR, Hassall E, Furmaga-Jablonska W, et al. Multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled trial assessing efficacy and safety of proton pump inhibitor lansoprazole in infants with symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease. J Pediatr. 2009;154:514\u201320.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"4_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.87.2.148","volume":"87","author":"VM Tsou","year":"1991","unstructured":"Tsou VM, Young RM, Hart MH, et al. Elevated plasma aluminum levels in normal infants receiving antacids containing aluminum. Pediatrics. 1991;87(2):148\u201351.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"4_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mpg.0000252190.97545.07","volume":"44","author":"TI Omari","year":"2007","unstructured":"Omari TI, Haslam RR, Lundborg P, et al. Effect of omeprazole on acid gastroesophageal reflux and gastric acidity in preterm infants with pathological reflux. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2007;44:41\u20134.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"9","key":"4_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.59.9.905-a","volume":"59","author":"AL Sorbie","year":"1984","unstructured":"Sorbie AL, Symon DN, Stockdale EJ. Gaviscon bezoars. Arch Dis Child. 1984;59(9):905\u20136.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"4_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.63.4.679","volume":"63","author":"A Portuguez-Malavasi","year":"1979","unstructured":"Portuguez-Malavasi A, Aranda JV. Antacid bezoar in a newborn. Pediatrics. 1979;63:679\u201380.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"4_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2007.10.014","volume":"152","author":"E Hassall","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hassall E. Talk is cheap, often effective: symptoms in infants often respond to non-pharmacologic measures. J Pediatr. 2008;152:301\u20133.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Drugs"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40272-012-0004-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40272-012-0004-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40272-012-0004-2","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,6]],"date-time":"2022-02-06T00:52:49Z","timestamp":1644108769000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40272-012-0004-2"}},"subtitle":["When and How to Treat"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,16]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]}},"alternative-id":["4"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40272-012-0004-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1174-5878","1179-2019"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1174-5878","type":"print"},{"value":"1179-2019","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,16]]}}}