{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T20:03:36Z","timestamp":1780085016132,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,26]],"date-time":"2015-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448496000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,26]],"date-time":"2015-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health","award":["Bando Giovani Ricercatori 2009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Bando Giovani Ricercatori 2009"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Drugs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40272-015-0155-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,26]],"date-time":"2015-11-26T10:47:29Z","timestamp":1448534849000},"page":"13-23","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Recommendations Concerning the First-Line Treatment of Children with Tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Nicola","family":"Principi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Galli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Lancella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Tadolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni Battista","family":"Migliori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Villani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanna","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"For the Italian Pediatric TB Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"155_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis control: WHO report 2014. Geneva: World Health Organization, Geneve, Switzerland, 2014. Available at http:\/\/www.who.int\/tb\/publications\/global_report\/en\/. Accessed 16 Aug 2015."},{"key":"155_CR2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Guidelines for treatment of tuberculosis. 4th ed. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2010. Available at http:\/\/www.who.int\/tb\/publications\/2010\/9789241547833\/en\/. Accessed 15 Aug 2015."},{"key":"155_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e453","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(14)70245-1","volume":"2","author":"PJ Dodd","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dodd PJ, Gardiner E, Coghlan R, Seddon JA. Burden of childhood tuberculosis in 22 high-burden countries: a mathematical modelling study. Lancet Glob Health. 2014;2:e453\u20139.","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"155_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-S1-S4","volume":"14","author":"P Piccini","year":"2014","unstructured":"Piccini P, Chiappini E, Tortoli E, de Martino M, Galli L. Clinical peculiarities of tuberculosis. BMC Infect Dis. 2014;14(Suppl 1):S4.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"155_CR5","unstructured":"Guidelines for the planning and management of NIH Consensus Development Conferences Online Bethesda (MD): National Institutes of Health, Office of the Director, Office of Medical Applications of Research; 1993. Updated October 2001."},{"key":"155_CR6","unstructured":"Il Programma Nazionale per le Linee Guida (PNLG). Methodological handbook-how to produce, disseminate and update clinical practice recommendations. Available at http:\/\/www.pnlg.it\/en_method. Accessed 30 Dec 2014."},{"key":"155_CR7","unstructured":"Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Netwok (SIGN). Available at http:\/\/www.sign.ac.uk\/. Accessed 30 Dec 2014."},{"key":"155_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2010.09.005","volume":"12","author":"SM Graham","year":"2011","unstructured":"Graham SM. Treatment of paediatric TB: revised WHO guidelines. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2011;12:22\u20136.","journal-title":"Paediatr Respir Rev"},{"key":"155_CR9","unstructured":"Report of the Committee on infectious diseases, Red Book 2009, 28th edn. Elk Grove Village: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2009:680\u2013701."},{"key":"155_CR10","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Guidance for national tuberculosis programmes on the management of tuberculosis in children. World Health Organization, Geneve, Switzerland, 2014. Available at http:\/\/www.who.int\/tb\/publications\/childtb_guidelines\/en\/. Accessed 16 Aug 2015."},{"key":"155_CR11","first-page":"965","volume":"11","author":"S Thee","year":"2007","unstructured":"Thee S, Detjen A, Quarcoo D, Wahn U, Magdorf K. Ethambutol in paediatric tuberculosis: aspects of ethambutol serum concentration, efficacy and toxicity in children. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2007;11:965\u201371.","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"155_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2012.05.011","volume":"92","author":"N Principi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Principi N, Esposito S. Diagnosis and therapy of tuberculous meningitis in children. Tuberculosis. 2012;92:377\u201383.","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"},{"key":"155_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5560","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.05429-11","volume":"55","author":"S Thee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Thee S, Seddon JA, Donald PR, Seifart HI, Werely CJ, Hesseling AC, Rosenkranz B, Roll S, Magdorf K, Schaaf HS. Pharmacokinetics of isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide in children younger than two years of age with tuberculosis: evidence for implementation of revised World Health Organization recommendations. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011;55:5560\u20137.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"155_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12003","volume":"17","author":"LM Verhagen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Verhagen LM, L\u00f3pez D, Hermans PW, Warris A, de Groot R, Garc\u00eda JF, de Waard JH, Aarnoutse RE. Pharmacokinetics of anti-tuberculosis drugs in Venezuelan children younger than 16 years of age: supportive evidence for the implementation of revised WHO dosing recommendations. Trop Med Int Health. 2012;17:1449\u201356.","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"155_CR15","unstructured":"McKenna L. Momentum in the pediatric tuberculosis treatment pipeline. Available at http:\/\/i-base.info\/htb\/28481. Accessed 28 Oct 2015."},{"key":"155_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11318-3","volume":"360","author":"GE Thwaites","year":"2002","unstructured":"Thwaites GE, Chau TT, Stepniewska K, Phu NH, Chuong LV, Sinh DX, White NJ, Parry CM, Farrar JJ. Diagnosis of adult tuberculous meningitis by use of clinical and laboratory features. Lancet. 2002;360:1287\u201392.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"155_CR17","unstructured":"British Thoracic Society. Tuberculosis: clinical diagnosis and management of tuberculosis, and measures for its prevention and control. Available at http:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/CG117. Accessed 16 Aug 2015."},{"key":"155_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2508001","volume":"172","author":"American Thoracic Society; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2005","unstructured":"American Thoracic Society; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Infectious Diseases Society of America. American Thoracic Society\/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\/Infectious Diseases Society of America. Controlling tuberculosis in the United States. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005;172:1169\u2013227.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"155_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2013064","DOI":"10.4084\/mjhid.2013.064","volume":"5","author":"S Esposito","year":"2013","unstructured":"Esposito S, Tagliabue C, Bosis S. Tuberculosis in children. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis. 2013;5:e2013064.","journal-title":"Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis"},{"key":"155_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02751037","volume":"60","author":"GP Mathur","year":"1993","unstructured":"Mathur GP, Mathur S, Rastogi S. Should we ban B6 supplementation of INH therapy in childhood tuberculosis? Indian J Pediatr. 1993;60:717\u20139.","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"key":"155_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1177\/004947559802800218","volume":"28","author":"L Mbala","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mbala L, Matendo R, Nkailu R. Is vitamin B6 supplementation of isoniazid therapy useful in childhood tuberculosis. Trop Doct. 1998;28:103\u20134.","journal-title":"Trop Doct"},{"key":"155_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.4046\/trd.2013.75.5.199","volume":"75","author":"WJ Koh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Koh WJ, Chang B, Jeong BH, Jeon K, Kim SY, Lee NY, Ki CS, Kwon OJ. Increasing recovery of nontuberculous Mycobacteria from respiratory specimens over a 10-year period in a tertiary referral hospital in South Korea. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul). 2013;75:199\u2013204.","journal-title":"Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul)"},{"key":"155_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3182456c55","volume":"31","author":"K Gray","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gray K, Wood N, Gunasekera H, Sheikh M, Hazelton B, Barzi F, Isaacs D. Vitamin D and tuberculosis status in refugee children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2012;31:521\u20133.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"14","key":"155_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-014-0652-7","volume":"11","author":"E Venturini","year":"2014","unstructured":"Venturini E, Facchini L, Martinez-Alier N, Novelli V, Galli L, de Martino M, Chiappini E. Vitamin D and tuberculosis: a multicenter study in children. BMC Infect Dis. 2014;11(14):652.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"155_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.113886","volume":"102","author":"N Tukvadze","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tukvadze N, Sanikidze E, Kipiani M, Hebbar G, Easley KA, Shenvi N, Kempker RR, Frediani JK, Mirtskhulava V, Alvarez JA, Lomtadze N, Vashakidze L, Hao L, Del Rio C, Tangpricha V, Blumberg HM, Ziegler TR. High-dose vitamin D3 in adults with pulmonary tuberculosis: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2015;102(5):1059\u201369.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"155_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)70053-8","volume":"15","author":"P Daley","year":"2015","unstructured":"Daley P, Jagannathan V, John KR, Sarojini J, Latha A, Vieth R, Suzana S, Jeyaseelan L, Christopher DJ, Smieja M, Mathai D. Adjunctive vitamin D for treatment of active tuberculosis in India: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2015;15:528\u201334.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"155_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1433","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3742","volume":"130","author":"XR Wu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wu XR, Yin QQ, Jiao AX, Xu BP, Sun L, Jiao WW, Xiao J, Miao Q, Shen C, Liu F, Shen D, Shen A. Pediatric tuberculosis at Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital: 2002\u20132010. Pediatrics. 2012;130:e1433\u201340.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"155_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16","DOI":"10.4081\/pr.2011.e16","volume":"3","author":"PR Donald","year":"2011","unstructured":"Donald PR. Antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity in children. Pediatr Rep. 2011;3:e16.","journal-title":"Pediatr Rep"},{"key":"155_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.32102","volume":"35","author":"YS Huang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Huang YS, Chern HD, Su WJ, Wu JC, Lai SL, Yang SY, Chang FY, Lee SD. Polymorphism of the N-acetyltransferase 2 gene as a susceptibility risk factor for antituberculosis drug-induced hepatitis. Hepatology. 2002;35:883\u20139.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"155_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.11.0304","volume":"16","author":"PY Wang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wang PY, Xie SY, Hao Q, Zhang C, Jiang BF. NAT2 polymorphisms and susceptibility to anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury: a meta-analysis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2012;16:589\u201395.","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"155_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000589","volume":"34","author":"M Levy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Levy M, Rigaudi\u00e8re F, de Lauzanne A, Koehl B, Melki I, Lorrot M, Faye A. Ethambutol-related impaired visual function in childrens less than 5\u00a0years of age treated for a mycobacterial infection: diagnosis and evolution. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2015;34:346\u201350.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"155_CR32","first-page":"736","volume-title":"Red book: 2012 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases","author":"American Academy of Pediatrics","year":"2012","unstructured":"American Academy of Pediatrics. Tuberculosis. In: Pickering LK, Baker CJ, Kimberlin DW, Long SS, editors. Red book: 2012 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 29th ed. Elk Grove Village: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2012. p. 736\u201359.","edition":"29"},{"key":"155_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200202000-00002","volume":"21","author":"FS Al-Dossary","year":"2002","unstructured":"Al-Dossary FS, Ong LT, Correa AG, Starke JR. Treatment of childhood tuberculosis with a six month directly observed regimen of only two weeks of daily therapy. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2002;21:91\u20137.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"155_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-010-0009-2","volume":"47","author":"PR Menon","year":"2010","unstructured":"Menon PR, Lodha R, Sivanandan S, Kabra SK. Intermittent or daily short course chemotherapy for tuberculosis in children: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Indian Pediatr. 2010;47:67\u201373.","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Drugs"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40272-015-0155-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40272-015-0155-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40272-015-0155-z","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40272-015-0155-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]],"date-time":"2022-07-29T16:25:07Z","timestamp":1659111907000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40272-015-0155-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,26]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]}},"alternative-id":["155"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40272-015-0155-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1174-5878","1179-2019"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1174-5878","type":"print"},{"value":"1179-2019","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 November 2015","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}