{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T21:41:21Z","timestamp":1792100481142,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713916800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Drugs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40272-024-00630-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T03:35:31Z","timestamp":1713929731000},"page":"277-286","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Perforated Appendicitis in Children: Management, Microbiology, and Antibiotic Stewardship"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6925-650X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine B.","family":"Snyder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5563-3652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine J.","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7809-886X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christie L.","family":"Buonpane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"630_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2018.234","volume":"20","author":"RF Hamdy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hamdy RF, et al. Comparative effectiveness of ceftriaxone plus metronidazole versus anti-pseudomonal antibiotics for perforated appendicitis in children. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2019;20(5):399\u2013405.","journal-title":"Surg Infect (Larchmt)"},{"issue":"6","key":"630_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2012.10.003","volume":"204","author":"S Bansal","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bansal S, et al. Appendicitis in children less than 5 years old: influence of age on presentation and outcome. Am J Surg. 2012;204(6):1031\u20135 (discussion 1035).","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"630_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.5409\/wjcp.v4.i2.19","volume":"4","author":"P Marzuillo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Marzuillo P, et al. Appendicitis in children less than five years old: a challenge for the general practitioner. World J Clin Pediatr. 2015;4(2):19\u201324.","journal-title":"World J Clin Pediatr"},{"issue":"10","key":"630_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.23484","volume":"3","author":"DT Gray","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gray DT, Mizrahi T. Trends in appendicitis and perforated appendicitis prevalence in children in the United States, 2001\u20132015. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(10): e2023484.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"630_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.09.049","volume":"176","author":"ME Broker","year":"2012","unstructured":"Broker ME, et al. Discriminating between simple and perforated appendicitis. J Surg Res. 2012;176(1):79\u201383.","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"630_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000000874","volume":"260","author":"KN Kelly","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kelly KN, et al. Disease severity, not operative approach, drives organ space infection after pediatric appendectomy. Ann Surg. 2014;260(3):466\u201371 (discussion 472\u20133).","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"630_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2011.104","volume":"13","author":"R Dhupar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dhupar R, et al. Outcomes of operative management of appendicitis. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2012;13(3):141\u20136.","journal-title":"Surg Infect (Larchmt)"},{"issue":"6","key":"630_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2012.03.025","volume":"47","author":"S Rice-Townsend","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rice-Townsend S, et al. Hospital readmission after management of appendicitis at freestanding children\u2019s hospitals: contemporary trends and financial implications. J Pediatr Surg. 2012;47(6):1170\u20136.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"630_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2008.08.051","volume":"43","author":"SD St Peter","year":"2008","unstructured":"St Peter SD, et al. An evidence-based definition for perforated appendicitis derived from a prospective randomized trial. J Pediatr Surg. 2008;43(12):2242\u20135.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"630_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2021.10.006","volume":"171","author":"CL Buonpane","year":"2022","unstructured":"Buonpane CL, et al. Controversy in the classification of appendicitis and utilization of postoperative antibiotics. Surgery. 2022;171(4):1022\u20136.","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"12","key":"630_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.11298","volume":"106","author":"E Omling","year":"2019","unstructured":"Omling E, et al. Nationwide study of appendicitis in children. Br J Surg. 2019;106(12):1623\u201331.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"630_CR12","first-page":"3268567","volume":"2020","author":"A Totapally","year":"2020","unstructured":"Totapally A, et al. Do racial\/ethnic and economic factors affect the rate of complicated appendicitis in children? Surg Res Pract. 2020;2020:3268567.","journal-title":"Surg Res Pract"},{"key":"630_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.2147\/PHMT.S155302","volume":"9","author":"EC Howell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Howell EC, Dubina ED, Lee SL. Perforation risk in pediatric appendicitis: assessment and management. Pediatric Health Med Ther. 2018;9:135\u201345.","journal-title":"Pediatric Health Med Ther"},{"issue":"10","key":"630_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922812441659","volume":"51","author":"FC Blanco","year":"2012","unstructured":"Blanco FC, Sandler AD, Nadler EP. Increased incidence of perforated appendicitis in children with obesity. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2012;51(10):928\u201332.","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)"},{"issue":"12","key":"630_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.2010.271","volume":"145","author":"M Camp","year":"2010","unstructured":"Camp M, et al. Provider density and health system facility factors and their relationship to rates of pediatric perforated appendicitis in US counties. Arch Surg. 2010;145(12):1139\u201344.","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"630_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2787","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-012-1749-z","volume":"36","author":"JE Anderson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Anderson JE, et al. Examining a common disease with unknown etiology: trends in epidemiology and surgical management of appendicitis in California, 1995\u20132009. World J Surg. 2012;36(12):2787\u201394.","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"630_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.4103\/0189-6725.132796","volume":"11","author":"M Singh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Singh M, et al. Complicated appendicitis: analysis of risk factors in children. Afr J Paediatr Surg. 2014;11(2):109\u201313.","journal-title":"Afr J Paediatr Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"630_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2012.12.008","volume":"184","author":"D Papandria","year":"2013","unstructured":"Papandria D, et al. Risk of perforation increases with delay in recognition and surgery for acute appendicitis. J Surg Res. 2013;184(2):723\u20139.","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"630_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-012-1962-y","volume":"16","author":"SR Markar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Markar SR, et al. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy for complicated and uncomplicated appendicitis in children. J Gastrointest Surg. 2012;16(10):1993\u20132004.","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"630_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-019-04610-1","volume":"36","author":"S Maita","year":"2020","unstructured":"Maita S, et al. Nonoperative treatment for nonperforated appendicitis in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Surg Int. 2020;36(3):261\u20139.","journal-title":"Pediatr Surg Int"},{"issue":"11","key":"630_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2015.07.008","volume":"50","author":"Y Tanaka","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tanaka Y, et al. Long-term outcomes of operative versus nonoperative treatment for uncomplicated appendicitis. J Pediatr Surg. 2015;50(11):1893\u20137.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"630_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2015.10.024","volume":"51","author":"J Hartwich","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hartwich J, et al. Nonoperative treatment of acute appendicitis in children: a feasibility study. J Pediatr Surg. 2016;51(1):111\u20136.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"630_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000000835","volume":"261","author":"JF Svensson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Svensson JF, et al. Nonoperative treatment with antibiotics versus surgery for acute nonperforated appendicitis in children: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Ann Surg. 2015;261(1):67\u201371.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"630_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.2011.6","volume":"146","author":"ML Blakely","year":"2011","unstructured":"Blakely ML, et al. Early vs interval appendectomy for children with perforated appendicitis. Arch Surg. 2011;146(6):660\u20135.","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"630_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2004.07.018","volume":"39","author":"H Ikeda","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ikeda H, et al. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in children with uncomplicated and complicated appendicitis. J Pediatr Surg. 2004;39(11):1680\u20135.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"630_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2009.03.037","volume":"44","author":"X Wang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wang X, et al. Complicated appendicitis in children: is laparoscopic appendectomy appropriate? A comparative study with the open appendectomy\u2013our experience. J Pediatr Surg. 2009;44(10):1924\u20137.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"630_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2007.08.021","volume":"194","author":"JP Roach","year":"2007","unstructured":"Roach JP, et al. Complicated appendicitis in children: a clear role for drainage and delayed appendectomy. Am J Surg. 2007;194(6):769\u201372 (discussion 772\u20133).","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"630_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-005-7946-2","volume":"30","author":"DW Vane","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vane DW, Fernandez N. Role of interval appendectomy in the management of complicated appendicitis in children. World J Surg. 2006;30(1):51\u20134.","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"630_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2003.08.027","volume":"186","author":"TR Weber","year":"2003","unstructured":"Weber TR, et al. Is delayed operative treatment worth the trouble with perforated appendicitis is children? Am J Surg. 2003;186(6):685\u20138 (discussion 688\u20139).","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"630_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0095414","volume":"9","author":"HT Jackson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jackson HT, et al. Culture-independent evaluation of the appendix and rectum microbiomes in children with and without appendicitis. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(4): e95414.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"5","key":"630_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.24953\/turkjped.2018.05.008","volume":"60","author":"T Tartar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tartar T, et al. Does microbial resistance profile change in community-based intra-abdominal infections? Evaluation of the culture results of patients with appendicitis. Turk J Pediatr. 2018;60(5):520\u20136.","journal-title":"Turk J Pediatr"},{"issue":"7","key":"630_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2021.03.027","volume":"56","author":"CPD Kwok","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kwok CPD, Tsui SYB, Chan KWE. Updates on bacterial resistance and empirical antibiotics treatment of complicated acute appendicitis in children. J Pediatr Surg. 2021;56(7):1145\u20139.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"630_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4414\/SMW.2022.w30222","volume":"152","author":"F Gerber","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gerber F, et al. Evidence-based optimisation of empirical antibiotic regimens in paediatric complicated appendicitis: a retrospective study of 94 patients. Swiss Med Wkly. 2022;152: w30222.","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"issue":"6","key":"630_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2011.135","volume":"13","author":"CY Chen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chen CY, et al. Bacteriology of acute appendicitis and its implication for the use of prophylactic antibiotics. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2012;13(6):383\u201390.","journal-title":"Surg Infect (Larchmt)"},{"issue":"11","key":"630_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e290","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002420","volume":"38","author":"I Viel-Theriault","year":"2019","unstructured":"Viel-Theriault I, et al. Contemporary microbiology and antimicrobial treatment of complicated appendicitis: the value of a short-term study. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2019;38(11):e290\u20134.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"11","key":"630_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13111839","volume":"13","author":"K Zachos","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zachos K, et al. Association of the bacteria of the vermiform appendix and the peritoneal cavity with complicated acute appendicitis in children. Diagnostics (Basel). 2023;13(11):1839.","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"issue":"2","key":"630_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2012.034","volume":"14","author":"SH Lob","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lob SH, et al. Epidemiology and susceptibility of Gram-negative appendicitis pathogens: SMART 2008\u20132010. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2013;14(2):203\u20138.","journal-title":"Surg Infect (Larchmt)"},{"issue":"11","key":"630_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2012.04.025","volume":"47","author":"F Schmitt","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schmitt F, et al. Bacterial studies of complicated appendicitis over a 20-year period and their impact on empirical antibiotic treatment. J Pediatr Surg. 2012;47(11):2055\u201362.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"630_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027769","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1027769","volume":"13","author":"J Felber","year":"2023","unstructured":"Felber J, et al. Bacterial pathogens in pediatric appendicitis: a comprehensive retrospective study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2023;13:1027769.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"630_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2021.12.003","volume":"57","author":"A Hu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hu A, et al. Antibiotic resistance is common in the cultures of intraabdominal abscess drainage after appendectomy. J Pediatr Surg. 2022;57(9):102\u20136.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"630_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2937","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11112937","volume":"11","author":"A Husna","year":"2023","unstructured":"Husna A, et al. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL): challenges and opportunities. Biomedicines. 2023;11(11):2937.","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"630_CR42","volume":"149","author":"V Andrey","year":"2019","unstructured":"Andrey V, et al. Impact of co-amoxicillin-resistant Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the rate of infectious complications in paediatric complicated appendicitis. Swiss Med Wkly. 2019;149: w20055.","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"630_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-004-1280-x","volume":"20","author":"CM Snelling","year":"2004","unstructured":"Snelling CM, Poenaru D, Drover JW. Minimum postoperative antibiotic duration in advanced appendicitis in children: a review. Pediatr Surg Int. 2004;20(11\u201312):838\u201345.","journal-title":"Pediatr Surg Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"630_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1177\/1457496918783721","volume":"108","author":"AA Akingboye","year":"2019","unstructured":"Akingboye AA, Davies B, Tien T. Pus samples in complicated appendicitis: an important investigation or a waste of resources: a prospective cohort study. Scand J Surg. 2019;108(1):55\u201360.","journal-title":"Scand J Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"630_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1086\/649554","volume":"50","author":"JS Solomkin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Solomkin JS, et al. Diagnosis and management of complicated intra-abdominal infection in adults and children: guidelines by the Surgical Infection Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;50(2):133\u201364.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"630_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2010.06.038","volume":"45","author":"SL Lee","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lee SL, et al. Antibiotics and appendicitis in the pediatric population: an American Pediatric Surgical Association Outcomes and Clinical Trials Committee systematic review. J Pediatr Surg. 2010;45(11):2181\u20135.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"630_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2005.12.054","volume":"41","author":"SD St Peter","year":"2006","unstructured":"St Peter SD, et al. A simple and more cost-effective antibiotic regimen for perforated appendicitis. J Pediatr Surg. 2006;41(5):1020\u20134.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"630_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2008.02.018","volume":"43","author":"SD St Peter","year":"2008","unstructured":"St Peter SD, et al. Single daily dosing ceftriaxone and metronidazole vs standard triple antibiotic regimen for perforated appendicitis in children: a prospective randomized trial. J Pediatr Surg. 2008;43(6):981\u20135.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"630_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1089\/109629603322761382","volume":"4","author":"EP Nadler","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nadler EP, et al. Monotherapy versus multi-drug therapy for the treatment of perforated appendicitis in children. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2003;4(4):327\u201333.","journal-title":"Surg Infect (Larchmt)"},{"issue":"6","key":"630_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1053\/jpsu.2000.6924","volume":"35","author":"SJ Fishman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fishman SJ, et al. Perforated appendicitis: prospective outcome analysis for 150 children. J Pediatr Surg. 2000;35(6):923\u20136.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"630_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2016.261","volume":"18","author":"JE Mazuski","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mazuski JE, et al. The Surgical Infection Society revised guidelines on the management of intra-abdominal infection. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2017;18(1):1\u201376.","journal-title":"Surg Infect (Larchmt)"},{"issue":"3","key":"630_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000005006","volume":"274","author":"J Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee J, et al. IMPPACT (Intravenous Monotherapy for Postoperative Perforated Appendicitis in Children Trial): randomized clinical trial of monotherapy versus multi-drug antibiotic therapy. Ann Surg. 2021;274(3):406\u201310.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"630_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1606847","volume":"28","author":"Y Dreznik","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dreznik Y, et al. Dual versus triple antibiotics regimen in children with perforated acute appendicitis. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2018;28(6):491\u20134.","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"630_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2020.11.067","volume":"260","author":"TB Seddik","year":"2021","unstructured":"Seddik TB, et al. Reducing piperacillin and tazobactam use for pediatric perforated appendicitis. J Surg Res. 2021;260:141\u20138.","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"630_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2021.11.009","volume":"57","author":"MA Kashtan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kashtan MA, et al. Ceftriaxone with metronidazole versus piperacillin\/tazobactam in the management of complicated appendicitis in children: results from a multicenter pediatric NSQIP analysis. J Pediatr Surg. 2022;57(10):365\u201372.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"630_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2023.02.027","volume":"58","author":"S Zeineddin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zeineddin S, et al. Postoperative antibiotics for complicated appendicitis in children: piperacillin\/tazobactam versus ceftriaxone with metronidazole. J Pediatr Surg. 2023;58(6):1128\u201332.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"630_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1007\/s100960100581","volume":"20","author":"HC Maltezou","year":"2001","unstructured":"Maltezou HC, et al. Piperacillin\/Tazobactam versus cefotaxime plus metronidazole for treatment of children with intra-abdominal infections requiring surgery. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2001;20(9):643\u20136.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"630_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kronman MP et al. Extended-versus narrower-spectrum antibiotics for appendicitis. Pediatrics. 2016;138(1).","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-4547"},{"issue":"8","key":"630_CR59","first-page":"591","volume":"163","author":"AO Ciftci","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ciftci AO, et al. Comparative trial of four antibiotic combinations for perforated appendicitis in children. Eur J Surg. 1997;163(8):591\u20136.","journal-title":"Eur J Surg"},{"issue":"21","key":"630_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1996","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1411162","volume":"372","author":"RG Sawyer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sawyer RG, et al. Trial of short-course antimicrobial therapy for intraabdominal infection. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(21):1996\u20132005.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"630_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2015.4236","volume":"151","author":"CC van Rossem","year":"2016","unstructured":"van Rossem CC, et al. Antibiotic duration after laparoscopic appendectomy for acute complicated appendicitis. JAMA Surg. 2016;151(4):323\u20139.","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"630_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(00)90017-4","volume":"35","author":"JL Lelli Jr","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lelli JL Jr, et al. Historical changes in the postoperative treatment of appendicitis in children: impact on medical outcome. J Pediatr Surg. 2000;35(2):239\u201344 (discussion 244\u20135).","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"630_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2010.02.090","volume":"45","author":"JD Fraser","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fraser JD, et al. A complete course of intravenous antibiotics vs a combination of intravenous and oral antibiotics for perforated appendicitis in children: a prospective, randomized trial. J Pediatr Surg. 2010;45(6):1198\u2013202.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"630_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2016.163","volume":"18","author":"BP Blackwood","year":"2017","unstructured":"Blackwood BP, Hunter CJ, Grabowski J. Variability in antibiotic regimens for surgical necrotizing enterocolitis highlights the need for new guidelines. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2017;18(2):215\u201320.","journal-title":"Surg Infect (Larchmt)"},{"issue":"2","key":"630_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2007.10.002","volume":"195","author":"OO Adibe","year":"2008","unstructured":"Adibe OO, et al. Postoperative antibiotic therapy for children with perforated appendicitis: long course of intravenous antibiotics versus early conversion to an oral regimen. Am J Surg. 2008;195(2):141\u20133.","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"630_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2016.02.057","volume":"51","author":"TJ Loux","year":"2016","unstructured":"Loux TJ, et al. Early transition to oral antibiotics for treatment of perforated appendicitis in pediatric patients: Confirmation of the safety and efficacy of a growing national trend. J Pediatr Surg. 2016;51(6):903\u20137.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"630_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-019-1799-6","volume":"19","author":"C Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang C, Li Y, Ji Y. Intravenous versus intravenous\/oral antibiotics for perforated appendicitis in pediatric patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pediatr. 2019;19(1):407.","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"12","key":"630_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-018-4343-0","volume":"34","author":"MR Arnold","year":"2018","unstructured":"Arnold MR, et al. Home intravenous versus oral antibiotics following appendectomy for perforated appendicitis in children: a randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Surg Int. 2018;34(12):1257\u201368.","journal-title":"Pediatr Surg Int"},{"issue":"12","key":"630_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.136.12.1391","volume":"136","author":"HE Rice","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rice HE, et al. Results of a pilot trial comparing prolonged intravenous antibiotics with sequential intravenous\/oral antibiotics for children with perforated appendicitis. Arch Surg. 2001;136(12):1391\u20135.","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"630_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2022.03.032","volume":"58","author":"NJ Skertich","year":"2023","unstructured":"Skertich NJ, et al. A shortened course of Amoxicillin\/Clavulanate is the preferred antibiotic treatment after surgery for perforated appendicitis in children. J Pediatr Surg. 2023;58(3):558\u201363.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"630_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2020.05.082","volume":"256","author":"AJ Gordon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gordon AJ, et al. Oral antibiotics and abscess formation after appendectomy for perforated appendicitis in children. J Surg Res. 2020;256:56\u201360.","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"630_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2020.12.059","volume":"263","author":"B Ketha","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ketha B, et al. Eliminating use of home oral antibiotics in pediatric complicated appendicitis. J Surg Res. 2021;263:151\u20134.","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"630_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2017.08.054","volume":"52","author":"Y Yousef","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yousef Y, et al. Standardization of care for pediatric perforated appendicitis improves outcomes. J Pediatr Surg. 2017;52(12):1916\u201320.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"630_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2014.01.045","volume":"49","author":"J Slusher","year":"2014","unstructured":"Slusher J, et al. Standardization and improvement of care for pediatric patients with perforated appendicitis. J Pediatr Surg. 2014;49(6):1020\u20134 (discussion 1024\u20135).","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Drugs"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40272-024-00630-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40272-024-00630-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40272-024-00630-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]],"date-time":"2024-05-06T08:25:12Z","timestamp":1714983912000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40272-024-00630-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["630"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40272-024-00630-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1174-5878","1179-2019"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1174-5878","type":"print"},{"value":"1179-2019","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 March 2024","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 April 2024","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declared that there was no funding.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Funding"}},{"value":"The authors (Katherine B. Snyder, Catherine J. Hunter, and Christie Buonpane) have no disclosures or competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Katherine B. Snyder: literature review, original draft, critical revisions; Catherine J. Hunter: original draft, critical revisions; Christie Buonpane: conception, literature review, original draft, critical revisions, final approval.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Author Contributions"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Data availability"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":9,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":10,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Code availability"}}]}}