{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T08:51:22Z","timestamp":1774947082938,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,18]],"date-time":"2018-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1526601600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PharmacoEconomics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-018-0671-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,18]],"date-time":"2018-05-18T02:36:53Z","timestamp":1526611013000},"page":"1031-1041","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Are PCSK9 Inhibitors Cost Effective?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Max J.","family":"Korman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kjetil","family":"Retterst\u00f8l","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivar S\u00f8nb\u00f8","family":"Kristiansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7539-082X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Torbj\u00f8rn","family":"Wisl\u00f8ff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"671_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO Mortality database. \n                    http:\/\/www.who.int\/healthinfo\/mortality_data\/en\/\n                    \n                  . Accessed 23 Dec 2017."},{"issue":"39","key":"671_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2999","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw272","volume":"37","author":"AL Catapano","year":"2016","unstructured":"Catapano AL, Graham I, De Backer G, Wiklund O, Chapman MJ, Drexel H, et al. 2016 ESC\/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias. Eur Heart J. 2016;37(39):2999\u20133058.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J."},{"issue":"5","key":"671_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-017-0492-6","volume":"35","author":"C Carroll","year":"2017","unstructured":"Carroll C, Tappenden P, Rafia R, Hamilton J, Chambers D, Clowes M, et al. Evolocumab for treating primary hypercholesterolaemia and mixed dyslipidaemia: an evidence review group perspective of a NICE single technology appraisal. Pharmacoeconomics. 2017;35(5):537\u201347.","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics."},{"issue":"16","key":"671_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1501031","volume":"372","author":"JG Robinson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Robinson JG, Farnier M, Krempf M, Bergeron J, Luc G, Averna M, et al. Efficacy and safety of alirocumab in reducing lipids and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(16):1489\u201399.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"18","key":"671_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.4030","volume":"311","author":"JG Robinson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Robinson JG, Nedergaard BS, Rogers WJ, Fialkow J, Neutel JM, Ramstad D, et al. Effect of evolocumab or ezetimibe added to moderate- or high-intensity statin therapy on LDL-C lowering in patients with hypercholesterolemia: the LAPLACE-2 randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2014;311(18):1870\u201382.","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"issue":"18","key":"671_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1615664","volume":"376","author":"MS Sabatine","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sabatine MS, Giugliano RP, Keech AC, Honarpour N, Wiviott SD, Murphy SA, et al. Evolocumab and clinical outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(18):1713\u201322.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"32","key":"671_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2459","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx144","volume":"38","author":"BA Ference","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ference BA, Ginsberg HN, Graham I, Ray KK, Packard CJ, Bruckert E, et al. Low-density lipoproteins cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. 1. Evidence from genetic, epidemiologic, and clinical studies. A consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel. Eur Heart J. 2017;38(32):2459\u201372.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J."},{"key":"671_CR8","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency. European Public Assessment report. \n                    http:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/docs\/en_GB\/document_library\/EPAR_-_Product_Information\/human\/003766\/WC500191398.pdf\n                    \n                  . Accessed 21 Dec 2017."},{"key":"671_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"j4042","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j4042","volume":"358","author":"N Hawkes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hawkes N. Evolocumab, \u201cmust become cheaper\u201d to be cost effective in enhancing benefits of statins. BMJ. 2017;358:j4042. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.j4042\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"671_CR10","unstructured":"Norwegian Medicines Agency. [Reimbursement report\u2014Alirocumab for treatment of hypercholesterolemia] In Norwegian. 08.06.2016. \n                    https:\/\/legemiddelverket.no\/Documents\/Refusjon%20og%20pris\/Helse%C3%B8konomiske%20rapporter\/P\/Praluent_hyperkolesterolemi_2016.pdf\n                    \n                  . Accessed 4 May 2018."},{"key":"671_CR11","unstructured":"Drummond M (2015) Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programmes, 4th edn, vol. xiii. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 445."},{"issue":"10","key":"671_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2017.2762","volume":"2","author":"GC Fonarow","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fonarow GC, Keech AC, Pedersen TR, Giugliano RP, Sever PS, Lindgren P, et al. Cost-effectiveness of evolocumab therapy for reducing cardiovascular events in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. JAMA Cardiol. 2017;2(10):1069\u201378.","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"671_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.22535","volume":"39","author":"SR Gandra","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gandra SR, Villa G, Fonarow GC, Lothgren M, Lindgren P, Somaratne R, et al. Cost-effectiveness of LDL-C lowering with evolocumab in patients with high cardiovascular risk in the United States. Clin Cardiol. 2016;39(6):313\u201320.","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"671_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2017.02.011","volume":"39","author":"G Villa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Villa G, Lothgren M, Kutikova L, Lindgren P, Gandra SR, Fonarow GC, et al. Cost-effectiveness of evolocumab in patients with high cardiovascular risk in Spain. Clin Ther. 2017;39(4):771\u2013786 e3.","journal-title":"Clin Ther."},{"issue":"9753","key":"671_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61350-5","volume":"376","author":"Cholesterol treatment trialists collaboration","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cholesterol treatment trialists collaboration. Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170 000 participants in 26 randomised trials. Lancet. 2010;376(9753):1670\u201381.","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"1","key":"671_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvx010","volume":"4","author":"M Korman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Korman M, Wisl\u00f8ff T. Modelling the cost-effectiveness of PCSK9 inhibitors vs. ezetimibe through LDL-C reductions in a Norwegian setting. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother. 2018;4(1):15\u201322. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvx010\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother"},{"issue":"8","key":"671_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.9924","volume":"318","author":"DS Kazi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kazi DS, Penko J, Coxson PG, Moran AE, Ollendorf DA, Tice JA, et al. Updated cost-effectiveness analysis of PCSK9 inhibitors based on the results of the FOURIER trial. JAMA. 2017;318(8):748\u201350.","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"issue":"7","key":"671_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.11004","volume":"316","author":"DS Kazi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kazi DS, Moran AE, Coxson PG, Penko J, Ollendorf DA, Pearson SD, et al. Cost-effectiveness of PCSK9 inhibitor therapy in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia or atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. JAMA. 2016;316(7):743\u201353.","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"671_CR19","unstructured":"Tice JA, Ollendorf DA, Chapman R, Kumar V, Seidner M, Rind DM, Pearson SD. Evolocumab for treatment of high cholesterol: effectiveness and value. ICER-report September 11, 2017."},{"key":"671_CR20","unstructured":"Tice JA, Ollendorf DA, Cunningham C, Pearson SD. PCSK9 Inhibitors for treatment of high cholesterol: effectiveness, value, and value-based price benchmarks. ICER-report 2015."},{"issue":"1","key":"671_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0169761","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169761","volume":"12","author":"A Arrieta","year":"2017","unstructured":"Arrieta A, Page TF, Veledar E, Nasir K. Economic evaluation of PCSK9 inhibitors in reducing cardiovascular risk from health system and private payer perspectives. PLoS One. 2017;12(1):e0169761.","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"671_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arrieta A, Hong JC, Khera R, Virani SS, Krumholz HM, Nasir K. Updated cost-effectiveness assessments of PCSK9 inhibitors from the perspectives of the health system and private payers: insights derived from the FOURIER trial. JAMA Cardiol. 2017.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2017.3655"},{"key":"671_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pe\u00f1aloza-Ramos MC, Jowett S, Sutton AJ, McManus RJ, Barton P. The importance of model structure in the cost-effectiveness analysis of primary care interventions for the management of hypertension. Value Health. 2017 [Published online 19.10.2017].","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2017.03.003"},{"issue":"14","key":"671_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/hta19140","volume":"19","author":"K Claxton","year":"2015","unstructured":"Claxton K, Martin M, Soares M, Rice N, Spackman E, Hinde S, Devlin N, Smith PC, Sculpher M. Methods for the estimation of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence cost-effectiveness threshold. Health Technol Assess. 2015;19(14):1\u2013503.","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess."},{"issue":"8","key":"671_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2016.02.017","volume":"19","author":"B Woods","year":"2016","unstructured":"Woods B, Revill P, Sculpher M, Claxton K. Country-level cost-effectiveness thresholds: initial estimates and the need for further research. Value Health. 2016;19(8):929\u201335.","journal-title":"Value Health."},{"issue":"1","key":"671_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1609243","volume":"376","author":"K Fitzgerald","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fitzgerald K, White S, Borodovsky A, Bettencourt BR, Strahs A, Clausen V, Wijngaard P, Horton JD, Taubel J, Brooks A, Fernando C, Kauffman RS, Kallend D, Vaishnaw A, Simon A. A highly durable RNAi therapeutic inhibitor of PCSK9. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(1):41\u201351.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"671_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-014-0152-z","volume":"32","author":"T Wisl\u00f8ff","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wisl\u00f8ff T, Hagen G, Klemp M. Economic evaluation of warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. Pharmacoeconomics. 2014;32(6):601\u201312.","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics."},{"issue":"16","key":"671_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1701488","volume":"376","author":"PM Ridker","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ridker PM, Revkin J, Amarenco P, Brunell R, Curto M, Civeira F, et al. Cardiovascular efficacy and safety of bococizumab in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(16):1527\u201339.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"671_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-015-0369-5","volume":"34","author":"B Woods","year":"2016","unstructured":"Woods B, Faria R, Griffin S. Assessing the value of new treatments for hepatitis C: are international decision makers getting this right? Pharmacoeconomics. 2016;34(5):427\u201333.","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics."}],"container-title":["PharmacoEconomics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40273-018-0671-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40273-018-0671-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40273-018-0671-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,17]],"date-time":"2019-05-17T21:25:39Z","timestamp":1558128339000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40273-018-0671-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,18]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]}},"alternative-id":["671"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40273-018-0671-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1170-7690","1179-2027"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1170-7690","type":"print"},{"value":"1179-2027","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 May 2018","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The present analysis received no funding and was entirely undertaken by the authors during their regular work hours and\/or leisure time.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Funding"}},{"value":"No funding was received to conduct the work. Mr Korman reports no potential conflicts of interest. Dr Retterst\u00f8l reports personal fees and grants from Oslo Economics, Sanofi, Amgen, Achea, Mills DA, Norwegian Directorate of Health, Norwegian Medical Association, MSD and Sunovion in the Nordic Region. Dr Kristiansen reports funding from Amgen through Oslo Economics. Dr Wisl\u00f8ff reports personal fees from Amgen through Oslo Economics.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}