{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T07:19:57Z","timestamp":1792653597032,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,24]],"date-time":"2019-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571875200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,24]],"date-time":"2019-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PharmacoEconomics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-019-00849-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,24]],"date-time":"2019-10-24T16:26:16Z","timestamp":1571934376000},"page":"25-37","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":229,"title":["Economic Burden of Anxiety Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2605-3456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Konnopka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"K\u00f6nig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10100","key":"849_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32154-2","volume":"390","author":"GBD 2016 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators","year":"2017","unstructured":"GBD 2016 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet. 2017;390(10100):1211\u20131259.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9","key":"849_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2011.07.018","volume":"21","author":"HU Wittchen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wittchen HU, et al. The size and burden of mental disorders and other disorders of the brain in Europe 2010. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2011;21(9):655\u201379.","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"849_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2015.17.3\/bbandelow","volume":"17","author":"B Bandelow","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bandelow B, Michaelis S. Epidemiology of anxiety disorders in the 21st century. Dial Clin Neurosci. 2015;17(3):327\u201335.","journal-title":"Dial Clin Neurosci."},{"issue":"9","key":"849_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881113495118","volume":"27","author":"NA Fineberg","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fineberg NA, et al. The size, burden and cost of disorders of the brain in the UK. J Psychopharmacol. 2013;27(9):761\u201370.","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol."},{"issue":"10","key":"849_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2011.08.008","volume":"21","author":"A Gustavsson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gustavsson A, et al. Cost of disorders of the brain in Europe 2010. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2011;21(10):718\u201379.","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"849_CR6","first-page":"w13751","volume":"143","author":"A Maercker","year":"2013","unstructured":"Maercker A, et al. The costs of disorders of the brain in Switzerland: an update from the European Brain Council Study for 2010. Swiss Med Wkly. 2013;143:w13751.","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly."},{"issue":"2","key":"849_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1080\/08039480801979792","volume":"62","author":"J Olesen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Olesen J, et al. Cost of disorders of the brain in Denmark. Nord J Psychiatry. 2008;62(2):114\u201320.","journal-title":"Nord J Psychiatry."},{"issue":"2","key":"849_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-008-0868-7","volume":"29","author":"M Pugliatti","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pugliatti M, et al. Cost of disorders of the brain in Italy. Neurol Sci. 2008;29(2):99\u2013107.","journal-title":"Neurol Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"849_CR9","first-page":"208","volume":"106","author":"J Schoenen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schoenen J, et al. Cost estimates of brain disorders in Belgium. Acta Neurol Belg. 2006;106(4):208\u201314.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Belg."},{"key":"849_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2010.01367.x","volume":"190","author":"LJ Stovner","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stovner LJ, et al. Cost of disorders of the brain in Norway. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl. 2010;190:1\u20135.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand Suppl."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"849_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-006-0725-8","volume":"119","author":"J Wancata","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wancata J, Sobocki P, Katschnig H. Cost of disorders of the brain in Austria in the year 2004 [in German]. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2007;119(3\u20134):91\u20138.","journal-title":"Wien Klin Wochenschr."},{"key":"849_CR12","unstructured":"OECD. OECD Health Statistics 2018. Available at: \nhttp:\/\/www.oecd.org\/els\/health-systems\/health-data.htm\n\n. Accessed 29 Jun 2018."},{"key":"849_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-8-32","volume":"8","author":"JO Friedrich","year":"2008","unstructured":"Friedrich JO, Adhikari NK, Beyene J. The ratio of means method as an alternative to mean differences for analyzing continuous outcome variables in meta-analysis: a simulation study. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2008;8:32.","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol."},{"issue":"17","key":"849_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4501","volume":"31","author":"JO Friedrich","year":"2012","unstructured":"Friedrich JO, Adhikari NK, Beyene J. Ratio of geometric means to analyze continuous outcomes in meta-analysis: comparison to mean differences and ratio of arithmetic means using empiric data and simulation. Stat Med. 2012;31(17):1857\u201386.","journal-title":"Stat Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"849_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1522-7154(1996)2:4<167::AID-ANXI2>3.0.CO;2-L","volume":"2","author":"RL DuPont","year":"1996","unstructured":"DuPont RL, et al. Economic costs of anxiety disorders. Anxiety. 1996;2(4):167\u201372.","journal-title":"Anxiety."},{"issue":"7","key":"849_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v60n0702","volume":"60","author":"PE Greenberg","year":"1999","unstructured":"Greenberg PE, et al. The economic burden of anxiety disorders in the 1990s. J Clin Psychiatry. 1999;60(7):427\u201335.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry."},{"key":"849_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-13-338","volume":"13","author":"M Sado","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sado M, et al. Cost of anxiety disorders in Japan in 2008: a prevalence-based approach. BMC Psychiatry. 2013;13:338.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry."},{"issue":"7","key":"849_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2013.09.009","volume":"27","author":"E Shirneshan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shirneshan E, et al. Incremental direct medical expenditures associated with anxiety disorders for the U.S. adult population: evidence from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. J Anxiety Disord. 2013;27(7):720\u20137.","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord."},{"issue":"3","key":"849_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2007.00973.x","volume":"117","author":"M Sillanp\u00e4\u00e4","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sillanp\u00e4\u00e4 M, Andlin-Sobocki P, Lonnqvist J. Costs of brain disorders in Finland. Acta Neurol Scand. 2008;117(3):167\u201372.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand."},{"issue":"4","key":"849_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2015.04.008","volume":"37","author":"CJ Huang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Huang CJ, et al. Health care utilization and expenditures of persons with diabetes comorbid with anxiety disorder: a national population-based cohort study. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2015;37(4):299\u2013304.","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry."},{"issue":"3","key":"849_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.10.008","volume":"115","author":"C Acarturk","year":"2009","unstructured":"Acarturk C, et al. Economic costs of social phobia: a population-based study. J Affect Disord. 2009;115(3):421\u20139.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"key":"849_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.01.041","volume":"213","author":"J Dams","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dams J, et al. Excess costs of social anxiety disorder in Germany. J Affect Disord. 2017;213:23\u20139.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"849_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1002\/da.10131","volume":"19","author":"M Marciniak","year":"2004","unstructured":"Marciniak M, et al. Medical and productivity costs of anxiety disorders: case control study. Depress Anxiety. 2004;19(2):112\u201320.","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety."},{"issue":"4","key":"849_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2007.04.004","volume":"29","author":"M Olfson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Olfson M, Gameroff MJ. Generalized anxiety disorder, somatic pain and health care costs. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2007;29(4):310\u20136.","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"849_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(00)00323-2","volume":"68","author":"A Patel","year":"2002","unstructured":"Patel A, et al. The economic consequences of social phobia. J Affect Disord. 2002;68(2\u20133):221\u201333.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"issue":"5","key":"849_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-6185(98)00026-7","volume":"12","author":"CS Rees","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rees CS, Richards JC, Smith LM. Medical utilisation and costs in panic disorder: a comparison with social phobia. J Anxiety Disord. 1998;12(5):421\u201335.","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord."},{"issue":"3","key":"849_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-012-9503-4","volume":"48","author":"J Rovira","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rovira J, et al. The cost of generalized anxiety disorder in primary care settings: results of the ANCORA study. Community Ment Health J. 2012;48(3):372\u201383.","journal-title":"Community Ment Health J."},{"issue":"3","key":"849_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2013.01.036","volume":"168","author":"T Rutledge","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rutledge T, et al. Anxiety associations with cardiac symptoms, angiographic disease severity, and healthcare utilization: the NHLBI-sponsored Women\u2019s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation. Int J Cardiol. 2013;168(3):2335\u201340.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol."},{"key":"849_CR29","first-page":"151","volume":"6","author":"S Toghanian","year":"2014","unstructured":"Toghanian S, et al. Economic and humanistic burden of illness in generalized anxiety disorder: an analysis of patient survey data in Europe. Clinicoecon Outcomes Res. 2014;6:151\u201363.","journal-title":"Clinicoecon Outcomes Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"849_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2012.12.016","volume":"21","author":"HM Vasiliadis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vasiliadis HM, et al. The excess healthcare costs associated with depression and anxiety in elderly living in the community. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2013;21(6):536\u201348.","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry."},{"issue":"2","key":"849_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266462317000526","volume":"33","author":"R Drost","year":"2017","unstructured":"Drost R, et al. Conceptualizations of the societal perspective within economic evaluations: a systematic review. Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 2017;33(2):251\u201360.","journal-title":"Int J Technol Assess Health Care."}],"container-title":["PharmacoEconomics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40273-019-00849-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40273-019-00849-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40273-019-00849-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,22]],"date-time":"2020-10-22T19:25:42Z","timestamp":1603394742000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40273-019-00849-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,24]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["849"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40273-019-00849-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1170-7690","1179-2027"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1170-7690","type":"print"},{"value":"1179-2027","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 October 2019","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"No funding was received for this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Funding"}},{"value":"Alexander Konnopka and Hannah K\u00f6nig have no conflicts interest to declare.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}}]}}