{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T13:42:28Z","timestamp":1775569348554,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,23]],"date-time":"2020-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608681600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,23]],"date-time":"2020-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Unitaid"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003323","name":"Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida et les H\u00e9patites Virales","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003323","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PharmacoEconomics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-020-00987-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,23]],"date-time":"2020-12-23T09:04:04Z","timestamp":1608714244000},"page":"331-343","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Cost-Utility Analysis of a Dolutegravir-Based Versus Low-Dose Efavirenz-Based Regimen for the Initial Treatment of HIV-Infected Patients in Cameroon (NAMSAL ANRS 12313 Trial)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"39","author":[{"name":"For The New Antiretroviral\u00a0and Monitoring Strategies in HIV-infected Adults in Low-Income Countries (NAMSAL) ANRS 12313 Study Group","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marw\u00e2n-al-Qays","family":"Bousmah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie Lib\u00e9r\u00e9e","family":"Nishimwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tamara","family":"Tovar-Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martial","family":"Lantche Wandji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mireille","family":"Mpoudi-Etame","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gwena\u00eblle","family":"Maradan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierrette","family":"Omgba Bassega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Varloteaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Montoyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Kouanfack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Delaporte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7567-5200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylvie","family":"Boyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"987_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Updated recommendations on first-line and second-line antiretroviral regimens and post-exposure prophylaxis and recommendations on early infant diagnosis of HIV [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018. Report No.: WHO\/CDS\/HIV\/18.51. Available from: http:\/\/www.who.int\/hiv\/pub\/guidelines\/ARV2018update\/en\/."},{"key":"987_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32835f1db0","volume":"27","author":"Z Shubber","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shubber Z, Calmy A, Andrieux-Meyer I, Vitoria M, Renaud-Th\u00e9ry F, Shaffer N, et al. Adverse events associated with nevirapine and efavirenz-based first-line antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. AIDS. 2013;27:1403\u201312.","journal-title":"AIDS."},{"key":"987_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1215541","volume":"369","author":"SL Walmsley","year":"2013","unstructured":"Walmsley SL, Antela A, Clumeck N, Duiculescu D, Eberhard A, Guti\u00e9rrez F, et al. Dolutegravir plus abacavir-lamivudine for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. N Engl J Med. 2013;369:1807\u201318.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"987_CR4","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Statement on DTG\u2014Geneva 18 May 2018 [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/medicines\/publications\/drugalerts\/Statement_on_DTG_18May_2018final.pdf."},{"key":"987_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000445","volume":"13","author":"AM Hill","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hill AM, Mitchell N, Hughes S, Pozniak AL. Risks of cardiovascular or central nervous system adverse events and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, for dolutegravir versus other antiretrovirals: meta-analysis of randomized trials. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2018;13:102\u201311.","journal-title":"Curr Opin HIV AIDS."},{"key":"987_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S2055-6640(20)30277-6","volume":"5","author":"A Hill","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hill A, Waters L, Pozniak A. Are new antiretroviral treatments increasing the risks of clinical obesity? J Virus Erad. 2019;5:41\u20133.","journal-title":"J Virus Erad."},{"key":"987_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62187-X","volume":"383","author":"ENCORE1 Study Group","year":"2014","unstructured":"ENCORE1 Study Group. Efficacy of 400 mg efavirenz versus standard 600 mg dose in HIV-infected, antiretroviral-naive adults (ENCORE1): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2014;383:1474\u201382.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"987_CR8","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Update of recommendations on first-and second-line antiretroviral regimens [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019. Report No.: WHO\/CDS\/HIV\/19.15. Available from: https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/325892\/WHO-CDS-HIV-19.15-eng.pdf."},{"key":"987_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"NAMSAL ANRS 12313 Study Group. Dolutegravir-based or low-dose efavirenz-based regimen for the treatment of HIV-1. N Engl J Med. 2019;381:816\u201326.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1904340"},{"key":"987_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e677","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(20)30238-1","volume":"7","author":"A Calmy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Calmy A, Sanchez TT, Kouanfack C, Mpoudi-Etame M, Leroy S, Perrineau S, et al. Dolutegravir-based and low-dose efavirenz-based regimen for the initial treatment of HIV-1 infection (NAMSAL): week 96 results from a two-group, multicentre, randomised, open label, phase 3 non-inferiority trial in Cameroon. Lancet HIV. 2020;7:e677\u201387.","journal-title":"Lancet HIV."},{"key":"987_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e267","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30118-9","volume":"16","author":"SC Inzaule","year":"2016","unstructured":"Inzaule SC, Ondoa P, Peter T, Mugyenyi PN, Stevens WS, de Wit TFR, et al. Affordable HIV drug-resistance testing for monitoring of antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa. Lancet Infect Dis. 2016;16:e267\u201375.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis."},{"key":"987_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e59","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(19)30345-5","volume":"7","author":"M Kall","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kall M, Marcellin F, Harding R, Lazarus JV, Carrieri P. Patient-reported outcomes to enhance person-centred HIV care. Lancet HIV. 2020;7:e59-68.","journal-title":"Lancet HIV."},{"key":"987_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e146","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(17)30190-X","volume":"5","author":"AN Phillips","year":"2018","unstructured":"Phillips AN, Cambiano V, Nakagawa F, Revill P, Jordan MR, Hallett TB, et al. Cost-effectiveness of public-health policy options in the presence of pretreatment NNRTI drug resistance in sub-Saharan Africa: a modelling study. Lancet HIV. 2018;5:e146\u201354.","journal-title":"Lancet HIV."},{"key":"987_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e116","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(18)30317-5","volume":"6","author":"AN Phillips","year":"2019","unstructured":"Phillips AN, Venter F, Havlir D, Pozniak A, Kuritzkes D, Wensing A, et al. Risks and benefits of dolutegravir-based antiretroviral drug regimens in sub-Saharan Africa: a modelling study. Lancet HIV. 2019;6:e116\u201327.","journal-title":"Lancet HIV."},{"key":"987_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e193","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(19)30400-X","volume":"7","author":"AN Phillips","year":"2020","unstructured":"Phillips AN, Bansi-Matharu L, Venter F, Havlir D, Pozniak A, Kuritzkes DR, et al. Updated assessment of risks and benefits of dolutegravir versus efavirenz in new antiretroviral treatment initiators in sub-Saharan Africa: modelling to inform treatment guidelines. Lancet HIV. 2020;7:e193-200.","journal-title":"Lancet HIV."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"987_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(01)00449-8","volume":"54","author":"AC Justice","year":"2001","unstructured":"Justice AC, Holmes W, Gifford AL, Rabeneck L, Zackin R, Sinclair G, et al. Development and validation of a self-completed HIV symptom index. J Clin Epidemiol. 2001;54(Suppl 1):S77-90.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol."},{"key":"987_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-143-10-200511150-00008","volume":"143","author":"DB Clifford","year":"2005","unstructured":"Clifford DB, Evans S, Yang Y, Acosta EP, Goodkin K, Tashima K, et al. Impact of efavirenz on neuropsychological performance and symptoms in HIV-infected individuals. Ann Intern Med. 2005;143:714\u201321.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med."},{"key":"987_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1348\/014466505X29657","volume":"44","author":"JD Henry","year":"2005","unstructured":"Henry JD, Crawford JR. The short-form version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21): construct validity and normative data in a large non-clinical sample. Br J Clin Psychol. 2005;44:227\u201339.","journal-title":"Br J Clin Psychol."},{"key":"987_CR19","volume-title":"User\u2019s manual for the SF-12v2 health survey","author":"M Kosinski","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kosinski M, Turner-Bowker DM, Gandek B, Ware JE. User\u2019s manual for the SF-12v2 health survey. Lincoln: QualityMetric Incorporated; 2008."},{"key":"987_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-014-0247-6","volume":"33","author":"RM Hunter","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hunter RM, Baio G, Butt T, Morris S, Round J, Freemantle N. An educational review of the statistical issues in analysing utility data for cost-utility analysis. PharmacoEconomics. 2015;33:355\u201366.","journal-title":"PharmacoEconomics."},{"key":"987_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respe.2011.02.074","volume":"59","author":"C Protopopescu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Protopopescu C, Boyer S, Marcellin F, Carrieri M-P, Koulla-Shiro S, Spire B. Validation de l\u2019\u00e9chelle de qualit\u00e9 de vie SF-12 chez des patients infect\u00e9s par le VIH au Cameroun (enqu\u00eate EVAL\u2013ANRS 12\u2013116). Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique. 2011;59:S9.","journal-title":"Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique."},{"key":"987_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000135827.18610.0d","volume":"42","author":"JE Brazier","year":"2004","unstructured":"Brazier JE, Roberts J. The estimation of a preference-based measure of health from the SF-12. Med Care. 2004;42:851\u20139.","journal-title":"Med Care."},{"key":"987_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dhaliwal I, Duflo E, Glennerster R, Tulloch C. Comparative cost-effectiveness analysis to inform policy in developing countries: a general framework with applications for education. Education Policy in Developing Countries. Paul Glewwe. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 2013. p. 285\u2013338.","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226078854.003.0008"},{"key":"987_CR24","unstructured":"Global Fund. Pooled Procurement Mechanism Reference Pricing: ARVs (version: quarter 3 2020) [Internet]. 2020. https:\/\/www.theglobalfund.org\/media\/5813\/ppm_arvreferencepricing_table_en.pdf."},{"key":"987_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. Exchange rates (indicator) [Internet]. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1787\/037ed317-en.","DOI":"10.1787\/037ed317-en"},{"key":"987_CR26","unstructured":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. GDP implicit price deflator in United States [Internet]. 2020. Available from: https:\/\/fred.stlouisfed.org\/series\/USAGDPDEFAISMEI."},{"key":"987_CR27","volume-title":"Economic evaluation in clinical trials","author":"HA Glick","year":"2014","unstructured":"Glick HA, Doshi JA, Sonnad SS, Polsky D. Economic evaluation in clinical trials. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2014.","edition":"2"},{"key":"987_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2013.02.002","volume":"16","author":"D Husereau","year":"2013","unstructured":"Husereau D, Drummond M, Petrou S, Carswell C, Moher D, Greenberg D, et al. Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS)\u2013explanation and elaboration: a report of the ISPOR Health Economic Evaluation Publication Guidelines Good Reporting Practices Task Force. Value Health. 2013;16:231\u201350.","journal-title":"Value Health."},{"key":"987_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Briggs A, Sculpher M, Claxton K. Decision modelling for health economic evaluation [Internet]. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2006 [cited 2020 May 21]. Available from: https:\/\/econpapers.repec.org\/bookchap\/oxpobooks\/9780198526629.htm.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198526629.001.0001"},{"key":"987_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2016.02.017","volume":"19","author":"B Woods","year":"2016","unstructured":"Woods B, Revill P, Sculpher M, Claxton K. Country-level cost-effectiveness thresholds: initial estimates and the need for further research. Value Health. 2016;19:929\u201335.","journal-title":"Value Health."},{"key":"987_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1002\/1099-1050(200010)9:7<623::AID-HEC539>3.0.CO;2-V","volume":"9","author":"M L\u00f6thgren","year":"2000","unstructured":"L\u00f6thgren M, Zethraeus N. Definition, interpretation and calculation of cost-effectiveness acceptability curves. Health Econ. 2000;9:623\u201330.","journal-title":"Health Econ."},{"key":"987_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2011.06.011","volume":"14","author":"KN Simpson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Simpson KN, Baran RW, Kirbach SE, Dietz B. Economics of switching to second-line antiretroviral therapy with lopinavir\/ritonavir in Africa: estimates based on DART trial results and costs for Uganda and Kenya. Value Health. 2011;14:1048\u201354.","journal-title":"Value Health."},{"key":"987_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s41669-019-0157-9","volume":"4","author":"S Boyer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Boyer S, Nishimwe ML, Sagaon-Teyssier L, March L, Koulla-Shiro S, Bousmah M-Q, et al. Cost-effectiveness of three alternative boosted protease inhibitor-based second-line regimens in HIV-infected patients in West and Central Africa. Pharmacoecon Open. 2020;4:45\u201360.","journal-title":"Pharmacoecon Open."},{"key":"987_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000709","volume":"29","author":"L Ciaffi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ciaffi L, Koulla-Shiro S, Sawadogo A, le Moing V, Eymard-Duvernay S, Izard S, et al. Efficacy and safety of three second-line antiretroviral regimens in HIV-infected patients in Africa. AIDS. 2015;29:1473\u201381.","journal-title":"AIDS."},{"key":"987_CR35","volume-title":"Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programmes","author":"MF Drummond","year":"2015","unstructured":"Drummond MF, Sculpher MJ, Claxton K, Stoddart GL, Torrance GW. Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programmes. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2015."},{"key":"987_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X04268955","volume":"24","author":"SMC van Osch","year":"2004","unstructured":"van Osch SMC, Wakker PP, van den Hout WB, Stiggelbout AM. Correcting biases in standard gamble and time tradeoff utilities. Med Decis Mak. 2004;24:511\u20137.","journal-title":"Med Decis Mak."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"987_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S123","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000327633.85221.9a","volume":"22","author":"A Medina-Lara","year":"2008","unstructured":"Medina-Lara A, Wakholi BN, Kasirye A, Munderi P, Watera C, Lalloo DG, et al. Utility assessment of HIV\/AIDS-related health states in HIV-infected Ugandans. AIDS. 2008;22(Suppl 1):S123-130.","journal-title":"AIDS."},{"key":"987_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Long-Term Virological Suppression Working Group for the Collaboration of Observational HIV Epidemiological Research Europe (COHERE) in EuroCoord. Long-term virological suppression on first-line efavirenz\u200a+\u200atenofovir\u200a+\u200aemtricitabine\/lamivudine for HIV-1. AIDS. 2019;33:745\u201351.","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002126"},{"key":"987_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S192735","volume":"13","author":"F Altice","year":"2019","unstructured":"Altice F, Evuarherhe O, Shina S, Carter G, Beaubrun AC. Adherence to HIV treatment regimens: systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2019;13:475\u201390.","journal-title":"Patient Prefer Adherence."}],"container-title":["PharmacoEconomics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40273-020-00987-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40273-020-00987-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40273-020-00987-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]],"date-time":"2024-08-20T00:08:36Z","timestamp":1724112516000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40273-020-00987-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,23]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["987"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40273-020-00987-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1170-7690","1179-2027"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1170-7690","type":"print"},{"value":"1179-2027","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 November 2020","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 December 2020","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors report no conflict of interest in relation to this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by the Cameroon National Ethics Committee. All participants provided written informed consent.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The manuscript has data included as electronic supplementary material. More complete data are available from the authors upon request.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Availability of data and material"}},{"value":"Available from the authors upon reasonable request.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Code availability"}}]}}