{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T22:40:46Z","timestamp":1793400046520,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,6]],"date-time":"2022-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665014400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,6]],"date-time":"2022-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C11043\/A4286"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C11043\/A4286"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C18281\/A8145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C18281\/A8145"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C18281\/A11326"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C18281\/A11326"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C18281\/A15064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C18281\/A15064"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C18281\/A24432"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C18281\/A24432"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PharmacoEconomics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-022-01191-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,6]],"date-time":"2022-10-06T00:02:31Z","timestamp":1665014551000},"page":"1207-1220","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Prostate Cancer Screening in the UK: A Decision Model Analysis Based on the CAP Trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4763-8891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edna","family":"Keeney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabina","family":"Sanghera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard M.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roman","family":"Gulati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fredrik","family":"Wiklund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleanor I.","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny L.","family":"Donovan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Freddie","family":"Hamdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Neal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Athene","family":"Lane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma L.","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard","family":"Thom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark S.","family":"Clements","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl_5","key":"1191_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"v69","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdv222","volume":"26","author":"C Parker","year":"2015","unstructured":"Parker C, Gillessen S, Heidenreich A, et al. Cancer of the prostate: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2015;26(Suppl_5):v69-77.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1191_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1200\/JOP.2012.000715","volume":"8","author":"RK Nam","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nam RK, Oliver TK, Vickers AJ, et al. Prostate-specific antigen test for prostate cancer screening: American Society of Clinical Oncology provisional clinical opinion. J Oncol Pract. 2012;8(5):315.","journal-title":"J Oncol Pract"},{"issue":"19","key":"1191_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.4413","volume":"317","author":"K Bibbins-Domingo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bibbins-Domingo K, Grossman DC, Curry SJ. The US Preventive Services Task Force 2017 draft recommendation statement on screening for prostate cancer: an invitation to review and comment. JAMA. 2017;317(19):1949\u201350.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"1191_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21392","volume":"67","author":"RA Smith","year":"2017","unstructured":"Smith RA, Andrews KS, Brooks D, et al. Cancer screening in the United States, 2017: a review of current American Cancer Society guidelines and current issues in cancer screening. CA Cancer J Clin. 2017;67(2):100\u201321.","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"10","key":"1191_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-2326","volume":"162","author":"TJ Wilt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wilt TJ, Harris RP, Qaseem A. Screening for cancer: advice for high-value care from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2015;162(10):718\u201325.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"9959","key":"1191_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60525-0","volume":"384","author":"FH Schr\u00f6der","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schr\u00f6der FH, Hugosson J, Roobol MJ, et al. Screening and prostate cancer mortality: results of the European Randomised Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) at 13 years of follow-up. Lancet. 2014;384(9959):2027\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60525-0.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"1191_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2019.02.009","volume":"76","author":"J Hugosson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hugosson J, Roobol MJ, Mansson M, et al. A 16-yr follow-up of the European randomized study of screening for prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 2019;76(1):43\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2019.02.009.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1191_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.0154","volume":"319","author":"RM Martin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Martin RM, Donovan JL, Turner EL, et al. Effect of a low-intensity psa-based screening intervention on prostate cancer mortality: the CAP randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2018;319(9):883\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2018.0154.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"1191_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2013.12.062","volume":"65","author":"S Loeb","year":"2014","unstructured":"Loeb S, Bjurlin MA, Nicholson J, et al. Overdiagnosis and overtreatment of prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 2014;65(6):1046\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2013.12.062.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"1191_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d7894","volume":"344","author":"DJ Rosario","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rosario DJ, Lane JA, Metcalfe C, et al. Short term outcomes of prostate biopsy in men tested for cancer by prostate specific antigen: prospective evaluation within ProtecT study. BMJ. 2012;344: d7894. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.d7894.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"15","key":"1191_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1606221","volume":"375","author":"JL Donovan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Donovan JL, Hamdy FC, Lane JA, et al. Patient-reported outcomes after monitoring, surgery, or radiotherapy for prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(15):1425\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1606221.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"1191_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1038\/gim.2014.192","volume":"17","author":"N Pashayan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pashayan N, Duffy SW, Neal DE, et al. Implications of polygenic risk-stratified screening for prostate cancer on overdiagnosis. Genet Med. 2015;17(10):789\u201395.","journal-title":"Genet Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1191_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.37657","volume":"4","author":"T Callender","year":"2021","unstructured":"Callender T, Emberton M, Morris S, et al. Benefit, harm, and cost-effectiveness associated with magnetic resonance imaging before biopsy in age-based and risk-stratified screening for prostate cancer. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(3): e2037657. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.37657.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"1191_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17075","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-74172-z","volume":"10","author":"C Sipeky","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sipeky C, Talala KM, Tammela TLJ, et al. Prostate cancer risk prediction using a polygenic risk score. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):17075. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-74172-z.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"1191_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-017-0292-5","volume":"32","author":"A Auvinen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Auvinen A, Rannikko A, Taari K, et al. A randomized trial of early detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (ProScreen): study design and rationale. Eur J Epidemiol. 2017;32(6):521\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10654-017-0292-5.","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1191_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.20066","volume":"60","author":"AM Wolf","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wolf AM, Wender RC, Etzioni RB, et al. American Cancer Society guideline for the early detection of prostate cancer: update 2010. CA Cancer J Clin. 2010;60(2):70\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3322\/caac.20066.","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"1191_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2015.12.054","volume":"91","author":"AJ Vickers","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vickers AJ, Eastham JA, Scardino PT, et al. The Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center recommendations for prostate cancer screening. Urology. 2016;91:12\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urology.2015.12.054.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"10071","key":"1191_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32401-1","volume":"389","author":"HU Ahmed","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ahmed HU, El-Shater Bosaily A, Brown LC, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of multi-parametric MRI and TRUS biopsy in prostate cancer (PROMIS): a paired validating confirmatory study. Lancet. 2017;389(10071):815\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32401-1.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"19","key":"1191_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1801993","volume":"378","author":"V Kasivisvanathan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kasivisvanathan V, Rannikko AS, Borghi M, et al. MRI-targeted or standard biopsy for prostate-cancer diagnosis. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(19):1767\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1801993.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"1191_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2100852","volume":"85","author":"M Eklund","year":"2021","unstructured":"Eklund M, J\u00e4derling F, Discacciati A, et al. MRI-targeted or standard biopsy in prostate cancer screening. N Engl J Med. 2021;85(10):908\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2100852.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1191_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0211918","volume":"14","author":"A Karlsson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Karlsson A, Jauhiainen A, Gulati R, et al. A natural history model for planning prostate cancer testing: calibration and validation using Swedish registry data. PLoS ONE. 2019;14(2): e0211918. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0211918.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"1191_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X07312719","volume":"28","author":"R Etzioni","year":"2008","unstructured":"Etzioni R, Gulati R, Falcon S, et al. Impact of PSA screening on the incidence of advanced stage prostate cancer in the United States: a surveillance modeling approach. Med Decis Making. 2008;28(3):323\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0272989X07312719.","journal-title":"Med Decis Making"},{"issue":"4","key":"1191_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/kxq036","volume":"11","author":"R Gulati","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gulati R, Inoue L, Katcher J, et al. Calibrating disease progression models using population data: a critical precursor to policy development in cancer control. Biostatistics. 2010;11(4):707\u201319.","journal-title":"Biostatistics"},{"issue":"3","key":"1191_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-158-3-201302050-00003","volume":"158","author":"R Gulati","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gulati R, Gore JL, Etzioni R. Comparative effectiveness of alternative prostate-specific antigen-based prostate cancer screening strategies. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158(3):145\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/0003-4819-158-3-201302050-00003.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"1191_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-021-01009-6","volume":"39","author":"E Keeney","year":"2021","unstructured":"Keeney E, Thom H, Turner E, et al. Using a modified Delphi approach to gain consensus on relevant comparators in a cost-effectiveness model: application to prostate cancer screening. Pharmacoeconomics. 2021;39(5):589\u2013600. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40273-021-01009-6.","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"issue":"5","key":"1191_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2016150234","volume":"36","author":"AS Purysko","year":"2016","unstructured":"Purysko AS, Rosenkrantz AB, Barentsz JO, et al. PI-RADS Version 2: a pictorial update. Radiographics. 2016;36(5):1354\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/rg.2016150234.","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"1191_CR27","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. (2019). Prostate cancer: diagnosis and management [NICE Guideline No. 131]. https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng131. Accessed 30 Sep 2022"},{"issue":"12","key":"1191_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2021.06.001","volume":"24","author":"S Hao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hao S, Karlsson A, Heintz E, et al. Cost-effectiveness of magnetic resonance imaging in prostate cancer screening: a microsimulation study. Value Health. 2021;24(12):1763\u201372.","journal-title":"Value Health."},{"issue":"10","key":"1191_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216315595203","volume":"29","author":"J Round","year":"2015","unstructured":"Round J, Jones L, Morris S. Estimating the cost of caring for people with cancer at the end of life: a modelling study. Palliat Med. 2015;29(10):899\u2013907. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0269216315595203.","journal-title":"Palliat Med"},{"key":"1191_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-7596-1_3","volume-title":"Self-reported population health: an international perspective based on EQ-5D","author":"B Janssen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Janssen B, Szende A. Population norms for the EQ-5D. In: Szende A, Janssen B, Cabases J, editors. Self-reported population health: an international perspective based on EQ-5D. Dordrecht: Springer, Netherlands; 2014. p. 19\u201330."},{"key":"1191_CR31","unstructured":"National cancer registration and analysis service 2021. https:\/\/www.cancerdata.nhs.uk\/getdataout\/prostate. Accessed 13 May 2021."},{"key":"1191_CR32","unstructured":"Office for National Statistics. \"National life tables: UK.\" (2020)."},{"issue":"15","key":"1191_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1606220","volume":"375","author":"FC Hamdy","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hamdy FC, Donovan JL, Lane JA, et al. 10-Year outcomes after monitoring, surgery, or radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(15):1415\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1606220.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1191_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1332\/174426410x482999","volume":"6","author":"I Shemilt","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shemilt I, Thomas J, Morciano M. A web-based tool for adjusting costs to a specific target currency and price year. Evid Policy. 2010;6(1):51\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1332\/174426410x482999.","journal-title":"Evid Policy."},{"issue":"9","key":"1191_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(00)00211-0","volume":"53","author":"M Krahn","year":"2000","unstructured":"Krahn M, Ritvo P, Irvine J, et al. Construction of the Patient-Oriented Prostate Utility Scale (PORPUS): a multiattribute health state classification system for prostate cancer. J Clin Epidemiol. 2000;53(9):920\u201330.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1191_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2256","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04109-8","volume":"9","author":"T Dadaev","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dadaev T, Saunders EJ, Newcombe PJ, et al. Fine-mapping of prostate cancer susceptibility loci in a large meta-analysis identifies candidate causal variants. Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):2256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-018-04109-8.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"7","key":"1191_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0142-8","volume":"50","author":"FR Schumacher","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schumacher FR, Al Olama AA, Berndt SI, et al. Association analyses of more than 140,000 men identify 63 new prostate cancer susceptibility loci. Nat Genet. 2018;50(7):928\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41588-018-0142-8.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"1191_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06863-1","volume":"9","author":"M Matejcic","year":"2018","unstructured":"Matejcic M, Saunders EJ, Dadaev T, et al. Germline variation at 8q24 and prostate cancer risk in men of European ancestry. Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):1\u201311.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"10","key":"1191_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027130","volume":"6","author":"M Kici\u0144ski","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kici\u0144ski M, Vangronsveld J, Nawrot TS. An epidemiological reappraisal of the familial aggregation of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2011;6(10): e27130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0027130.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"12","key":"1191_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002998","volume":"16","author":"T Callender","year":"2019","unstructured":"Callender T, Emberton M, Morris S, et al. Polygenic risk-tailored screening for prostate cancer: a benefit\u2013harm and cost-effectiveness modelling study. PLoS Med. 2019;16(12): e1002998. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002998.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"1191_CR41","unstructured":"Office for National Statistics. \"Cancer survival in England: adults diagnosed between 2013 and 2017 and\nfollowed up to 2018.\" (2018)."},{"issue":"10","key":"1191_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-017729","volume":"7","author":"GJ Young","year":"2017","unstructured":"Young GJ, Harrison S, Turner EL, et al. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing of men in UK general practice: a 10-year longitudinal cohort study. BMJ Open. 2017;7(10): e017729. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-017729.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"1191_CR43","first-page":"1","volume":"2019","author":"S Caul","year":"2017","unstructured":"Caul S, Broggio J. Cancer registration statistics, England. Off Natl Stat. 2017;2019:1\u201316.","journal-title":"Off Natl Stat."},{"key":"1191_CR44","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. (2013). Guide to the methods of technology appraisal 2013."},{"issue":"8","key":"1191_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-020-00914-6","volume":"38","author":"M Paulden","year":"2020","unstructured":"Paulden M. Calculating and interpreting ICERs and net benefit. Pharmacoeconomics. 2020;38(8):785\u2013807. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40273-020-00914-6.","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"key":"1191_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2015.6275","volume":"2","author":"JA Roth","year":"2016","unstructured":"Roth JA, Gulati R, Gore JL, et al. Economic analysis of prostate-specific antigen screening and selective treatment strategies. JAMA Oncol. 2016;2:890.","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1191_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.28732","volume":"135","author":"R Pataky","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pataky R, Gulati R, Etzioni R, et al. Is prostate cancer screening cost-effective? A microsimulation model of prostate-specific antigen-based screening for British Columbia, Canada. Int J Cancer. 2014;135(4):939\u201347.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"1191_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/dju366","volume":"107","author":"EAM Heijnsdijk","year":"2014","unstructured":"Heijnsdijk EAM, de Carvalho TM, Auvinen A, et al. Cost-effectiveness of prostate cancer screening: a simulation study based on ERSPC data. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2014;107(1):366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jnci\/dju366.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"1191_CR49","volume-title":"Option appraisal: screening for prostate cancer model update","author":"S Hummel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hummel S, Chilcott J. Option appraisal: screening for prostate cancer model update. ScHARR, Sheffield: University of Sheffield; 2013."},{"issue":"4","key":"1191_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2013.05.030","volume":"64","author":"MJ Roobol","year":"2013","unstructured":"Roobol MJ, Kranse R, Bangma CH, et al. Screening for prostate cancer: results of the Rotterdam section of the European randomized study of screening for prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 2013;64(4):530\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2013.05.030.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1191_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X211050918","volume":"42","author":"JF O\u2019Mahony","year":"2021","unstructured":"O\u2019Mahony JF. Risk stratification in cost-effectiveness analyses of cancer screening: intervention eligibility, strategy choice, and optimality. Med Decis Making. 2021;42(4):513\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0272989X211050918.","journal-title":"Med Decis Making"},{"issue":"5","key":"1191_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2012.317","volume":"107","author":"EM Wever","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wever EM, Hugosson J, Heijnsdijk EA, et al. To be screened or not to be screened? Modeling the consequences of PSA screening for the individual. Br J Cancer. 2012;107(5):778\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/bjc.2012.317.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"1191_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989x10396717","volume":"31","author":"EM Wever","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wever EM, Draisma G, Heijnsdijk EA, et al. How does early detection by screening affect disease progression? Modeling estimated benefits in prostate cancer screening. Med Decis Making. 2011;31(4):550\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0272989x10396717.","journal-title":"Med Decis Making"},{"issue":"5","key":"1191_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamahealthforum.2022.1116","volume":"3","author":"EAM Heijnsdijk","year":"2022","unstructured":"Heijnsdijk EAM, Gulati R, Lange JM, et al. Evaluation of prostate cancer screening strategies in a low-resource, high-risk population in the Bahamas. JAMA Health Forum. 2022;3(5): e221116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamahealthforum.2022.1116.","journal-title":"JAMA Health Forum."},{"issue":"5","key":"1191_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2018.08.007","volume":"75","author":"S Hamid","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hamid S, Donaldson IA, Hu Y, et al. The SmartTarget Biopsy Trial: a prospective, \nwithin-person randomised, blinded trial comparing the accuracy of visual-registration and magnetic resonance imaging\/ultrasound image-fusion targeted biopsies for prostate cancer risk stratification. Eur Urol. 2019;75(5):733\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2018.08.007.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1191_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2021.01.016","volume":"7","author":"V Murthy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Murthy V, Sonni I, Jariwala N, et al. The role of PSMA PET\/CT and PET\/MRI in the initial staging of prostate cancer. Eur Urol Focus. 2021;7(2):258\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euf.2021.01.016.","journal-title":"Eur Urol Focus"},{"issue":"10231","key":"1191_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)30314-7","volume":"395","author":"MS Hofman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hofman MS, Lawrentschuk N, Francis RJ, et al. Prostate-specific membrane \nantigen PET-CT in patients with high-risk prostate cancer before curative-intent surgery or radiotherapy (proPSMA): a prospective, randomised, multicentre study. Lancet. 2020;395(10231):1208\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)30314-7.","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["PharmacoEconomics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40273-022-01191-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40273-022-01191-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40273-022-01191-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T10:24:26Z","timestamp":1669112666000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40273-022-01191-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,6]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1191"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40273-022-01191-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1170-7690","1179-2027"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1170-7690","type":"print"},{"value":"1179-2027","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 September 2022","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 October 2022","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"RMM is the lead principal investigator (and JLD, FCH and DEN co-PIs) of the CAP trial, funded by Cancer Research UK and the UK Department of Health (C11043\/A4286, C18281\/A8145, C18281\/A11326, C18281\/A15064 and C18281\/A24432). RMM was supported by a Cancer Research UK (C18281\/A29019) programme grant (the Integrative Cancer Epidemiology Programme). RMM is a National Institute for Health Research Senior Investigator (NIHR202411). RMM and HT were supported by the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol. The ProtecT trial is funded by the UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment Programme (NIHR HTA: projects 96\/20\/06, 96\/20\/99). RG was supported by the National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health (U01 CA253915 and R50 CA221836). HT was supported by a MRC grant MR\/S036709\/1\u00a0for this research. MSC was supported by the Swedish Research Council (through the Swedish eScience Research Centre and project 2018-02526), Prostatacancerf\u00f6rbundet, Karolinska Institutet and Cancerfonden (project CAN 2018\/539). The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Funding"}},{"value":"EK reports personal consulting fees unrelated to the present work from Pfizer, Roche, Novartis Pharma and BMS. SS reports a postdoctoral fellowship from the NIHR and support for travel from the University of Leeds. JD, RM, ET and EW report receiving grants to their institution from Cancer Research UK. RG reports receiving grants from the National Cancer Institute. HT reports receiving grants to his institution from the UK Medical Research Council, personal consulting fees unrelated to the present work from Pfizer, Roche, BMS, Eisai, Lundbeck, Merck, Novartis Pharma, and Janssen and owns stock in Clifton Insight (consulting company). MC reports receiving funding to his institution from the Swedish Research Council, the Swedish Cancer Society and the Swedish Prostate Cancer Federation.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest\/competing interests"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was not required.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Because of the nature of this research, participants of this study did not agree for their data to be shared publicly, thus supporting data are not available.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Availability of data and material"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Code availability"}},{"value":"EK, SS, RMM, ELT, HT and MSC contributed to the study conception and design. MSC developed the model and assisted with the analyses. EK performed the analyses with guidance from SS, RMM, RG, FW, ELT, HT and MSC. ELW assisted with data provision. The first draft of the manuscript was written by EK and MSC and all authors commented on subsequent versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.","order":9,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Author contributions"}},{"value":"EK affirms that this article is an honest, accurate and transparent account of the study being reported; that no important aspects of the study have been omitted; and that any discrepancies from the study as planned have been explained.","order":10,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Transparency declaration"}}]}}