{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T19:51:30Z","timestamp":1792007490956,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774224000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001349","name":"National Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["HSRG-WS17Jun008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HSRG-WS17Jun008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PharmacoEconomics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-026-01586-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T10:34:24Z","timestamp":1774262064000},"page":"879-892","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Economic Evaluation of Pre-emptive Pharmacogenetic Panel Testing versus No Genetic Testing in a Multi-ethnic Asian Population"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9504-9308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jamaica Roanne","family":"Briones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6884-1863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jia Hui","family":"Chai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4007-2645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaroslava","family":"Zemlyanska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9241-9236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elaine","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2929-8966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E. Shyong","family":"Tai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7150-1801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hwee Lin","family":"Wee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5470-3754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. Jaime","family":"Caro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"1586_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1038\/s41436-020-00995-w","volume":"23","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhu Y, Moriarty JP, Swanson KM, et al. A model-based cost-effectiveness analysis of pharmacogenomic panel testing in cardiovascular disease management: preemptive, reactive, or none? Genet Med. 2021;23:461\u201370.","journal-title":"Genet Med"},{"key":"1586_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6694","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-34116-9","volume":"13","author":"SH Chan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chan SH, Bylstra Y, Teo JX, et al. Analysis of clinically relevant variants from ancestrally diverse Asian genomes. Nat Commun. 2022;13:6694.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"1586_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13081","volume":"82","author":"SL Chan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chan SL, Ang X, Sani LL, et al. Prevalence and characteristics of adverse drug reactions at admission to hospital: a prospective observational study. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2016;82:1636\u201346.","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"1586_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mosch R, van der Lee M, Guchelaar HJ, et al. Pharmacogenetic panel testing: a review of current practice and potential for clinical implementation. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2024.","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-061724-080935"},{"key":"1586_CR5","unstructured":"Genes-Drugs. US Department of Health & Human Services (HHS): Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium, 2020."},{"key":"1586_CR6","unstructured":"Guidelines. USA: Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium. 2024."},{"key":"1586_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e129","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001257","volume":"150","author":"NL Pereira","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pereira NL, Cresci S, Angiolillo DJ, et al. CYP2C19 genetic testing for oral P2Y12 inhibitor therapy: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2024;150:e129\u201350.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1586_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1038\/s41397-018-0053-1","volume":"19","author":"SL Chan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chan SL, Ng HY, Sung C, et al. Economic burden of adverse drug reactions and potential for pharmacogenomic testing in Singaporean adults. Pharmacogenomics J. 2019;19:401\u201310.","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics J"},{"key":"1586_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-016-0476-z","volume":"40","author":"JS Schildcrout","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schildcrout JS, Denny JC, Roden DM. On the potential of preemptive genotyping towards preventing medication-related adverse events: results from the South Korean National Health Insurance Database. Drug Saf. 2017;40:1\u20132.","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"key":"1586_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2013.10.021","volume":"89","author":"SJ Bielinski","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bielinski SJ, Olson JE, Pathak J, et al. Preemptive genotyping for personalized medicine: design of the right drug, right dose, right time-using genomic data to individualize treatment protocol. Mayo Clin Proc. 2014;89:25\u201333.","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"1586_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2019.05.015","volume":"22","author":"MR Hart","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hart MR, Garrison LP Jr., Doyle DL, et al. Projected cost-effectiveness for 2 gene-drug pairs using a multigene panel for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Value Health. 2019;22:1231\u20139.","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"1586_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238146831986433","DOI":"10.1177\/2381468319864337","volume":"4","author":"Y Shi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shi Y, Graves JA, Garbett SP, et al. A decision-theoretic approach to panel-based, preemptive genotyping. MDM Policy Pract. 2019;4:2381468319864337.","journal-title":"MDM Policy Pract."},{"key":"1586_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.2754","volume":"112","author":"SA Morris","year":"2022","unstructured":"Morris SA, Alsaidi AT, Verbyla A, et al. Cost effectiveness of pharmacogenetic testing for drugs with Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guidelines: a systematic review. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2022;112:1318\u201328.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"1586_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2010.279","volume":"89","author":"MV Relling","year":"2011","unstructured":"Relling MV, Klein TE. CPIC: clinical pharmacogenetics implementation consortium of the pharmacogenomics research network. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2011;89:464\u20137.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"1586_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.2350","volume":"110","author":"M Whirl-Carrillo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Whirl-Carrillo M, Huddart R, Gong L, et al. An evidence-based framework for evaluating pharmacogenomics knowledge for personalized medicine. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2021;110:563\u201372.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"1586_CR16","unstructured":"Elaine Ah gi Lo LXM, Wee HL, Su-Yin DT, Yan B, Tan KML, Aminkeng F, Yuan NK, Shyong Tai E, Goh BC. Selection and prioritization of clinically actionable drug-gene pairs for a pre-emptive pharmacogenomics service in hospitals and primary care settings in Singapore. Pharmacogenom Glob Res Netw. 2021."},{"key":"1586_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1038\/s41397-025-00366-1","volume":"25","author":"FFJ Ng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ng FFJ, Verma R, Sani L, et al. A feasibility study on implementing pre-emptive pharmacogenomics testing in outpatient clinics in Singapore (IMPT study). Pharmacogenomics J. 2025;25:7.","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics J"},{"key":"1586_CR18","unstructured":"Tan J. Citizens, PRs aged 40 to 59 can enrol for Healthier SG programme. In: The straits times. Singapore: SPH Media Limited, Co., 2023."},{"key":"1586_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1177\/0969141315589644","volume":"22","author":"EY Loy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Loy EY, Molinar D, Chow KY, et al. National breast cancer screening programme, Singapore: evaluation of participation and performance indicators. J Med Screen. 2015;22:194\u2013200.","journal-title":"J Med Screen"},{"key":"1586_CR20","unstructured":"Drug and Vaccine Evaluation Methods and Process Guide. 3.1 ed. Republic of Singapore: Agency for Care Effectiveness. 2023."},{"key":"1586_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1080\/14737167.2022.2017285","volume":"22","author":"XY Wong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wong XY, Chng WJ, Aziz MIA, et al. Cost-effectiveness of daratumumab in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone for relapsed and\/or refractory multiple myeloma. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2022;22:207\u201315.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res"},{"key":"1586_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-016-0394-z","volume":"34","author":"JJ Caro","year":"2016","unstructured":"Caro JJ. Discretely integrated condition event (DICE) simulation for pharmacoeconomics. Pharmacoeconomics. 2016;34:665\u201372.","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"key":"1586_CR23","unstructured":"Delivering a transparent and flexible approach to health economic models. PPD Evidera 2025."},{"key":"1586_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2020.03.009","volume":"23","author":"JJ Caro","year":"2020","unstructured":"Caro JJ, Maconachie R, Woods M, et al. Leveraging DICE (Discretely-Integrated Condition Event) simulation to simplify the design and implementation of hybrid models. Value Health. 2020;23:1049\u201355.","journal-title":"Value Health."},{"key":"1586_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.2526","volume":"112","author":"CR Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee CR, Luzum JA, Sangkuhl K, et al. Clinical pharmacogenetics implementation consortium guideline for CYP2C19 genotype and clopidogrel therapy: 2022 update. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2022;112:959\u201367.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"1586_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2015.03.015","volume":"169","author":"HJ Kang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kang HJ, Clare RM, Gao R, et al. Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in Asian patients with acute coronary syndrome: a retrospective analysis from the Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes (PLATO) trial. Am Heart J. 2015;169:899-905.e1.","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"1586_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.01.008","volume":"310","author":"S Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang S, Wang W, Sawhney JPS, et al. Antithrombotic management and long-term outcomes following percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndrome in Asia. Int J Cardiol. 2020;310:16\u201322.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"1586_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S36757","volume":"6","author":"L Timmers","year":"2012","unstructured":"Timmers L, Swart EL, Boons CC, et al. The use of capecitabine in daily practice: a study on adherence and patients\u2019 experiences. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2012;6:741\u20138.","journal-title":"Patient Prefer Adherence"},{"key":"1586_CR29","unstructured":"NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology Colon Cancer. Version 4.2025 ed: National Comprehensive Cancer Network, 2025."},{"key":"1586_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30686-7","volume":"19","author":"LM Henricks","year":"2018","unstructured":"Henricks LM, Lunenburg CATC, de Man FM, et al. DPYD genotype-guided dose individualisation of fluoropyrimidine therapy in patients with cancer: a prospective safety analysis. Lancet Oncol. 2018;19:1459\u201367.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"1586_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4134","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0409500102","volume":"102","author":"SI Hung","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hung SI, Chung WH, Liou LB, et al. HLA-B*5801 allele as a genetic marker for severe cutaneous adverse reactions caused by allopurinol. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102:4134\u20139.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1586_CR32","unstructured":"Gout\u2014achieving the management goal. Republic of Singapore: Agency for Care Effectiveness, 2023."},{"key":"1586_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0801936","volume":"359","author":"E Link","year":"2008","unstructured":"Link E, Parish S, Armitage J, et al. SLCO1B1 variants and statin-induced myopathy\u2014a genomewide study. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:789\u201399.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1586_CR34","unstructured":"Prices and Price Indices. Republic of Singapore: Department of Statistics, 2024."},{"key":"1586_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2024.03.013","volume":"27","author":"S Ghabri","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ghabri S, Dawoud D, Drummond M. Methods for including adverse events in economic evaluations: suggestions for improvement. Value Health. 2024;27:936\u201342.","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"1586_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bishai D, Brenzel L, Padula WV. 383 Making models probabilistic and estimating the value of information. In: Handbook of applied health economics in vaccines. Oxford University Press; 2023.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780192896087.005.0006"},{"key":"1586_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.597","volume":"102","author":"JK Hicks","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hicks JK, Sangkuhl K, Swen JJ, et al. Clinical pharmacogenetics implementation consortium guideline (CPIC\u00ae) for CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genotypes and dosing of tricyclic antidepressants: 2016 update. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2017;102:37.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"1586_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.2149","author":"KR Crews","year":"2021","unstructured":"Crews KR, Monte AA, Huddart R, et al. Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium guideline for CYP2D6, OPRM1, and COMT genotypes and select opioid therapy. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cpt.2149.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"1586_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.113","volume":"98","author":"KA Birdwell","year":"2015","unstructured":"Birdwell KA, Decker B, Barbarino JM, et al. Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guidelines for CYP3A5 genotype and tacrolimus dosing. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2015;98:19\u201324.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"1586_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13040771","author":"TAM Mulder","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mulder TAM, de With M, del Re M, et al. Clinical CYP2D6 genotyping to personalize adjuvant tamoxifen treatment in ER-positive breast cancer patients: current status of a controversy. Cancers. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers13040771.","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"1586_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.668","volume":"102","author":"JA Johnson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Johnson JA, Caudle KE, Gong L, et al. Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guideline for pharmacogenetics-guided warfarin dosing: 2017 update. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2017;102:397\u2013404.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"1586_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.2008","volume":"109","author":"JH Karnes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Karnes JH, Rettie AE, Somogyi AA, et al. Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) Guideline for CYP2C9 and HLA-B Genotypes and Phenytoin Dosing: 2020 Update. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2021;109:302\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"1586_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.1304","volume":"105","author":"MV Relling","year":"2019","unstructured":"Relling MV, Schwab M, Whirl-Carrillo M, et al. Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium guideline for thiopurine dosing based on TPMT and NUDT15 genotypes: 2018 update. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2019;105:1095\u2013105.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"1586_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-016-0397-9","volume":"34","author":"CO Plumpton","year":"2016","unstructured":"Plumpton CO, Roberts D, Pirmohamed M, et al. A systematic review of economic evaluations of pharmacogenetic testing for prevention of adverse drug reactions. Pharmacoeconomics. 2016;34:771\u201393.","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"key":"1586_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11111123","volume":"11","author":"CA Brunette","year":"2021","unstructured":"Brunette CA, Dong OM, Vassy JL, et al. A cost\u2013consequence analysis of preemptive SLCO1B1 testing for statin myopathy risk compared to usual care. J Pers Med. 2021;11:1123.","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"key":"1586_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-021-07025-8","volume":"21","author":"S Turongkaravee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Turongkaravee S, Jittikoon J, Rochanathimoke O, et al. Pharmacogenetic testing for adverse drug reaction prevention: systematic review of economic evaluations and the appraisal of quality matters for clinical practice and implementation. BMC Health Serv Res. 2021;21:1042.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"1586_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.911","volume":"103","author":"U Amstutz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Amstutz U, Henricks LM, Offer SM, et al. Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guideline for dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase genotype and fluoropyrimidine dosing: 2017 update. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2018;103:210\u20136.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"1586_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.2147\/CEOR.S366906","volume":"14","author":"S Turongkaravee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Turongkaravee S, Praditsitthikorn N, Ngamprasertchai T, et al. Economic evaluation of multiple-pharmacogenes testing for the prevention of adverse drug reactions in people living with HIV. Clinicoecon Outcomes Res. 2022;14:447\u201363.","journal-title":"Clinicoecon Outcomes Res."},{"key":"1586_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1080\/09537104.2020.1792871","volume":"32","author":"M Biswas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Biswas M, Kali MSK, Biswas TK, et al. Risk of major adverse cardiovascular events of CYP2C19 loss-of-function genotype guided prasugrel\/ticagrelor vs clopidogrel therapy for acute coronary syndrome patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a meta-analysis. Platelets. 2021;32:591\u2013600.","journal-title":"Platelets"},{"key":"1586_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2014.07.019","volume":"168","author":"RV Jeger","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jeger RV, Pfisterer ME, Sorensen R, et al. Tradeoff between bleeding and stent thrombosis in different dual antiplatelet therapy regimes: Importance of case fatality rates and effective treatment durations. Am Heart J. 2014;168:698\u2013705.","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"1586_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0904327","volume":"361","author":"L Wallentin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wallentin L, Becker RC, Budaj A, et al. Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:1045\u201357.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1586_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pocock S, Brieger DB, Owen R, Chen J, Cohen MG, Goodman S, Granger CB, Nicolau JC, Simon T, Westermann D, Yasuda S, Hedman K, Mellstr\u00f6m C, Andersson Sundell K, Grieve R. Health-related quality of life 1-3 years post-myocardial infarction: its impact on prognosis. Open Heart. 2021 Feb;8(1):e001499","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2020-001499"},{"key":"1586_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0211493","volume":"14","author":"YS Yeoh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yeoh YS, Koh GC, Tan CS, et al. Health-related quality of life loss associated with first-time stroke. PLoS ONE. 2019;14:e0211493.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1586_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-018-1019-3","volume":"16","author":"B Doble","year":"2018","unstructured":"Doble B, Pufulete M, Harris JM, et al. Health-related quality of life impact of minor and major bleeding events during dual antiplatelet therapy: a systematic literature review and patient preference elicitation study. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2018;16:191.","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"1586_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2013.28.6.848","volume":"28","author":"MJ Kim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kim MJ, Jeon DS, Gwon HC, et al. Health-related quality-of-life after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with UA\/NSTEMI and STEMI: the Korean multicenter registry. J Korean Med Sci. 2013;28:848\u201354.","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"1586_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(15)00286-7","volume":"16","author":"D Meulendijks","year":"2015","unstructured":"Meulendijks D, Henricks LM, Sonke GS, et al. Clinical relevance of DPYD variants c.1679T>G, c.1236G>A\/HapB3, and c.1601G>A as predictors of severe fluoropyrimidine-associated toxicity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data. Lancet Oncol. 2015;16:1639\u201350.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"1586_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6605114","volume":"101","author":"T Shiroiwa","year":"2009","unstructured":"Shiroiwa T, Fukuda T, Tsutani K. Cost-effectiveness analysis of XELOX for metastatic colorectal cancer based on the NO16966 and NO16967 trials. Br J Cancer. 2009;101:12\u20138.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"1586_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h4848","volume":"351","author":"TM Ko","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ko TM, Tsai CY, Chen SY, et al. Use of HLA-B*58:01 genotyping to prevent allopurinol induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions in Taiwan: national prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2015;351:h4848.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1586_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1080\/13696998.2020.1757456","volume":"23","author":"SL Pruis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pruis SL, Jeon YK, Pearce F, et al. Cost-effectiveness of sequential urate lowering therapies for the management of gout in Singapore. J Med Econ. 2020;23:838\u201347.","journal-title":"J Med Econ"},{"key":"1586_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199411103311906","volume":"331","author":"JC Roujeau","year":"1994","unstructured":"Roujeau JC, Stern RS. Severe adverse cutaneous reactions to drugs. N Engl J Med. 1994;331:1272\u201385.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1586_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.2217\/pgs.15.125","volume":"16","author":"D Dong","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dong D, Tan-Koi WC, Teng GG, et al. Cost-effectiveness analysis of genotyping for HLA-B*5801 and an enhanced safety program in gout patients starting allopurinol in Singapore. Pharmacogenomics. 2015;16:1781\u201393.","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics"},{"key":"1586_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.13595","volume":"22","author":"W Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee W, Teng GG, Kok JC, et al. Validity and reliability of the Gout Impact Scale in a multi-ethnic Asian population. Int J Rheum Dis. 2019;22:1427\u201334.","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"}],"container-title":["PharmacoEconomics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40273-026-01586-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40273-026-01586-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40273-026-01586-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T12:03:05Z","timestamp":1782216185000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40273-026-01586-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["1586"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40273-026-01586-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1170-7690","1179-2027"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1170-7690","type":"print"},{"value":"1179-2027","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Hwee Lin Wee and Jaime Caro are Editorial Board Members of PharmacoEconomics. They were not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor in any of the subsequent editorial decisions. The authors declare no other competing interests that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"The cost data generated and analyzed in this study are sourced from the National University Hospital (NUH), Singapore. Due to restrictions under the current Institutional Review Board, these data are not publicly available. However, they can be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request and with approval from NUH. The model used in the study is also available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Data Availability Statements"}}]}}