{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T07:22:36Z","timestamp":1790925756721,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,12]],"date-time":"2017-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1494547200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-017-0730-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,11]],"date-time":"2017-05-11T21:01:37Z","timestamp":1494536497000},"page":"2285-2307","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":146,"title":["The Impact of Resistance Training on Swimming Performance: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4660-6572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmet","family":"Crowley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Lyons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"730_CR1","first-page":"152","volume-title":"Biomechanics and medicine in swimming VII","author":"K Wakayoshi","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wakayoshi K, D\u2019Acquisto J, Cappaert J, et al. Relationship between metabolic parameters and stroking technique characteristics in front crawl. In: Troup JP, Hollander AP, Strasse D, Trappe SW, Cappaert JM, Trappe TA, editors. Biomechanics and medicine in swimming VII. London: Taylor & Francis; 1996. p. 152\u20138."},{"issue":"3","key":"730_CR2","first-page":"547","volume":"20","author":"S Girold","year":"2006","unstructured":"Girold S, Calmels P, Maurin D, et al. Assisted and resisted sprint training in swimming. J Strength Cond Res. 2006;20(3):547\u201354.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"01","key":"730_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-972957","volume":"16","author":"K Wakayoshi","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wakayoshi K, D\u2019Acquisto L, Cappaert J, et al. Relationship between oxygen uptake, stroke rate and swimming velocity in competitive swimming. Int J Sports Med. 1995;16(01):19\u201323.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"730_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03168231","volume":"64","author":"R Gonz\u00e1lez-Boto","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Boto R, Salguero A, Tuero C, et al. Monitoring the effects of training load changes on stress and recovery in swimmers. J Physiol Biochem. 2008;64(1):19\u201326.","journal-title":"J Physiol Biochem"},{"issue":"6","key":"730_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.2165\/11630760-000000000-00000","volume":"42","author":"ST Aspenes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Aspenes ST, Karlsen T. Exercise-training intervention studies in competitive swimming. Sports Med. 2012;42(6):527\u201343.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"730_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.4100\/jhse.2012.72.18","volume":"7","author":"PG Morou\u00e7o","year":"2012","unstructured":"Morou\u00e7o PG, Marinho DA, Amaro NM, et al. Effects of dry-land strength training on swimming performance: a brief review. J Hum Sport Exerc. 2012;7(2):553\u20139.","journal-title":"J Hum Sport Exerc"},{"issue":"3","key":"730_CR7","first-page":"357","volume":"8","author":"S Aspenes","year":"2009","unstructured":"Aspenes S, Kjendlie P-L, Hoff J, et al. Combined strength and endurance training in competitive swimmers. J Sport Sci Med. 2009;8(3):357\u201365.","journal-title":"J Sport Sci Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"730_CR8","first-page":"300","volume":"9","author":"N Garrido","year":"2010","unstructured":"Garrido N, Marinho DA, Reis VM, et al. Does combined dry land strength and aerobic training inhibit performance of young competitive swimmers. J Sport Sci Med. 2010;9(2):300\u201310.","journal-title":"J Sport Sci Med"},{"key":"730_CR9","first-page":"555","volume-title":"Handbook of Physiology","author":"B Saltin","year":"1983","unstructured":"Saltin B, Gollnick P. Skeletal muscle adaptability: significance for metabolism and performance. In: Peachey LD, Adrain RH, Geiger SR, editors. Handbook of Physiology. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins; 1983. p. 555\u2013631."},{"key":"730_CR10","first-page":"255","volume-title":"Strength and conditioning: biological principles and practical applications","author":"RU Newton","year":"2011","unstructured":"Newton RU, Cormie P, Cardinale M. Principles of athletic training. In: Cardinale M, Newton R, Nosaka K, editors. Strength and conditioning: biological principles and practical applications. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011. p. 255\u201370."},{"issue":"6","key":"730_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1519\/SSC.0b013e31826db467","volume":"34","author":"GG Haff","year":"2012","unstructured":"Haff GG, Nimphius S. Training principles for power. J Strength Cond Res. 2012;34(6):2\u201312.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"730_CR12","first-page":"62","volume-title":"Strength and conditioning for sports performance","author":"JE Goodwin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Goodwin JE, Cleather DJ. The biomechanical principles underpinning strength and conditioning. In: Jefferys I, Moody J, editors. Strength and conditioning for sports performance. Oxon: Routledge; 2016. p. 62\u20135."},{"issue":"10","key":"730_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-016-0486-0","volume":"46","author":"TJ Suchomel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Suchomel TJ, Nimphius S, Stone MH. The importance of muscular strength in athletic performance. Sports Med. 2016;46(10):1\u201331.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"730_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198201000-00010","volume":"14","author":"RL Sharp","year":"1981","unstructured":"Sharp RL, Troup JP, Costill DL. Relationship between power and sprint freestyle swimming. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1981;14(1):53\u20136.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"1","key":"730_CR15","first-page":"16","volume":"2","author":"D Costill","year":"1986","unstructured":"Costill D, Rayfield F, Kirwan J, et al. A computer based system for the measurement of force and power during front crawl swimming. J Swim Res. 1986;2(1):16\u20139.","journal-title":"J Swim Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"730_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199308000-00011","volume":"25","author":"H Tanaka","year":"1993","unstructured":"Tanaka H, Costill DL, Thomas R, et al. Dry-land resistance training for competitive swimming. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1993;25(8):952\u20139.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"3","key":"730_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199825030-00005","volume":"25","author":"H Tanaka","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tanaka H, Swensen T. Impact of resistance training on endurance performance. Sports Med. 1998;25(3):191\u2013200.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"730_CR18","first-page":"599","volume":"21","author":"S Girold","year":"2007","unstructured":"Girold S, Maurin D, Dugu\u00e9 B, et al. Effects of dry-land vs. resisted-and assisted-sprint exercises on swimming sprint performances. J Strength Cond Res. 2007;21(2):599\u2013605.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"730_CR19","first-page":"209","volume":"8","author":"SW Trappe","year":"1994","unstructured":"Trappe SW, Pearson DR. Effects of weight assisted dry-land strength training on swimming performance. J Strength Cond Res. 1994;8(4):209\u201313.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"730_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200232090-00001","volume":"32","author":"DJ Smith","year":"2002","unstructured":"Smith DJ, Norris SR, Hogg JM. Performance evaluation of swimmers. Sports Med. 2002;32(9):539\u201354.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"730_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199213010-00002","volume":"13","author":"HM Toussaint","year":"1992","unstructured":"Toussaint HM, Beek PJ. Biomechanics of competitive front crawl swimming. Sports Med. 1992;13(1):8\u201324.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"730_CR22","first-page":"39","volume-title":"Swimming science V. International Series of Sport Sciences","author":"AP Hollander","year":"1988","unstructured":"Hollander AP, de Groot G, van Ingen Schenau GJ, et al. Contribution of the legs to propulsion in front crawl swimming. In: Ungerechts BE, Wilke K, Reischle K, editors. Swimming science V. International Series of Sport Sciences, vol. 18. Champaign: Human Kinetics; 1988. p. 39\u201344."},{"key":"730_CR23","first-page":"180","volume-title":"Swimming II","author":"W Bucher","year":"1975","unstructured":"Bucher W. The influence of the leg kick and the arm stroke on the total speed during the crawl stroke. In: Lewillie L, Clarys JP, editors. Swimming II. Balitimore: University Park Press; 1975. p. 180\u20137."},{"issue":"3","key":"730_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210050581","volume":"80","author":"V Deschodt","year":"1999","unstructured":"Deschodt V, Arsac L, Rouard A. Relative contribution of arms and legs in humans to propulsion in 25-m sprint front-crawl swimming. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1999;80(3):192\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"730_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-004-1281-4","volume":"94","author":"P Zamparo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zamparo P, Pendergast D, Mollendorf J, et al. An energy balance of front crawl. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2005;94(1\u20132):134\u201344.","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"730_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135","volume":"151","author":"D Moher","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Ann Intern Med. 2009;151(4):264\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"730_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/83.8.713","volume":"83","author":"CG Maher","year":"2003","unstructured":"Maher CG, Sherrington C, Herbert RD, et al. Reliability of the PEDro scale for rating quality of randomized controlled trials. Phys Ther. 2003;83(8):713\u201321.","journal-title":"Phys Ther."},{"issue":"3","key":"730_CR28","first-page":"5","volume":"7","author":"AJ Roberts","year":"1991","unstructured":"Roberts AJ, Termin B, Reilly M, et al. Effectiveness of biokinetic training on swimming performance in collegiate swimmers. J Swim Res. 1991;7(3):5\u201311.","journal-title":"J Swim Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"730_CR29","first-page":"122","volume":"21","author":"H-S Song","year":"2009","unstructured":"Song H-S, Park D-H, Jung D-S. The effect of periodized strength training application on the Korea national team. Int J Appl Sports Sci. 2009;21(2):122\u201345.","journal-title":"Int J Appl Sports Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"730_CR30","first-page":"24","volume":"2","author":"J Manning","year":"1986","unstructured":"Manning J, Dooly-Manning C, Terrell D, et al. Effects of a power circuit weight training programme on power production and performance. J Swim Res. 1986;2(1):24\u20139.","journal-title":"J Swim Res"},{"key":"730_CR31","first-page":"149","volume-title":"Swimming science. V International Series on Sport Sciences","author":"D Strass","year":"1988","unstructured":"Strass D. Effects of maximal strength training on sprint performance of competitive swimmers. In: Ungerechts B, Wilke K, Reischle K, editors. Swimming science. V International Series on Sport Sciences, vol. 18. Champaign: Human Kinetics; 1988. p. 149\u201356."},{"issue":"2","key":"730_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e318220e6e4","volume":"26","author":"S Girold","year":"2012","unstructured":"Girold S, Jalab C, Bernard O, et al. Dry-land strength training vs. electrical stimulation in sprint swimming performance. J Strength Cond Res. 2012;26(2):497\u2013505.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"730_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2013-0488","volume":"10","author":"M Weston","year":"2015","unstructured":"Weston M, Hibbs AE, Thompson KG. Isolated core training improves sprint performance in national-level junior swimmers. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2015;10(2):204\u201310.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"issue":"3","key":"730_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.3.3.294","volume":"3","author":"M Konstantaki","year":"2008","unstructured":"Konstantaki M, Winter E, Swaine I. Effects of arms-only swimming training on performance, movement economy, and aerobic power. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2008;3(3):294\u2013304.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"issue":"4","key":"730_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31822d5404","volume":"26","author":"AJ Dragunas","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dragunas AJ, Dickey JP, Nolte VW. The effect of drag suit training on 50-m freestyle performance. J Strength Cond Res. 2012;26(4):989\u201394.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"03","key":"730_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1024797","volume":"11","author":"HM Toussaint","year":"1990","unstructured":"Toussaint HM, Vervoorn K. Effects of specific high resistance training in the water on competitive swimmers. Int J Sports Med. 1990;11(03):228\u201333.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"730_CR37","first-page":"126","volume":"5","author":"AC Fry","year":"1991","unstructured":"Fry AC, Kraemer WJ. Physical performance characteristics of American collegiate football players. J Strength Cond Res. 1991;5(3):126\u201338.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"730_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e318185f36c","volume":"22","author":"RK Hetzler","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hetzler RK, Stickley CD, Lundquist KM, et al. Reliability and accuracy of handheld stopwatches compared with electronic timing in measuring sprint performance. J Strength Cond Res. 2008;22(6):1969\u201376.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"730_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199512000-00014","volume":"27","author":"F Pichon","year":"1995","unstructured":"Pichon F, Chatard J-C, Martin A, et al. Electrical stimulation and swimming performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995;27(12):1671\u20136.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"2","key":"730_CR40","first-page":"27","volume":"1","author":"E Maglischo","year":"1985","unstructured":"Maglischo E, Maglischo C, Zier D, et al. The effect of sprint-assisted and sprint-resisted swimming on stroke mechanics. J Swim Res. 1985;1(2):27\u201333.","journal-title":"J Swim Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"730_CR41","first-page":"101","volume":"7","author":"MR McGuigan","year":"2008","unstructured":"McGuigan MR, Winchester JB. The relationship between isometric and dynamic strength in college football players. J Sports Sci Med. 2008;7(1):101\u20135.","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Med"},{"key":"730_CR42","first-page":"173","volume-title":"Swimming science V. International Series of Sport Sciences","author":"E Bollens","year":"1988","unstructured":"Bollens E, Annemans L, Vaes W, et al. Peripheral EMG comparison between fully tethered and free front crawl swimming. In: Ungerechts B, Wilke K, Reischle K, editors. Swimming science V. International Series of Sport Sciences, vol. 18. Champaign: Human Kinetics; 1988. p. 173\u201381."},{"issue":"2","key":"730_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.27.2.161","volume":"27","author":"P Morou\u00e7o","year":"2011","unstructured":"Morou\u00e7o P, Keskinen KL, Vilas-Boas JP, et al. Relationship between tethered forces and the four swimming techniques performance. J Appl Biomech. 2011;27(2):161\u20139.","journal-title":"J Appl Biomech"},{"key":"730_CR44","first-page":"391","volume-title":"Biomechanics and medicine in swimming IX","author":"S Shimonagata","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shimonagata S, Taguchi M, Miura M. Effect of swimming power, swimming power endurance and dry-land power on 100 m freestyle performance. In: Chatard JC, editor. Biomechanics and medicine in swimming IX. Saint Etienne: University of Saint-Etienne; 2003. pp. 391\u20136."},{"issue":"1","key":"730_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-6870(85)90143-7","volume":"16","author":"J Clarys","year":"1985","unstructured":"Clarys J. Hydrodynamics and electromyography: ergonomics aspects in aquatics. Appl Ergon. 1985;16(1):11\u201324.","journal-title":"Appl Ergon."},{"key":"730_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1981.51.6.1437","volume":"51","author":"EF Coyle","year":"1981","unstructured":"Coyle EF, Feiring DC, Rotkis TC, et al. Specificity of power improvements through slow and fast isokinetic training. Appl Physiol. 1981;51:1437\u201342.","journal-title":"Appl Physiol"},{"key":"730_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00429034","volume":"52","author":"H Kanehisa","year":"1983","unstructured":"Kanehisa H, Miyashita M. Specificty of velocity in strength training. Euro J Appl Physiol. 1983;52:104\u20136.","journal-title":"Euro J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"730_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.2478\/v10078-012-0025-5","volume":"32","author":"J Sadowski","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sadowski J, Mastalerz A, Gromisz W, et al. Effectiveness of the power dry-land training programmes in youth swimmers. J Hum Kinet. 2012;32:77\u201386.","journal-title":"J Hum Kinet"},{"issue":"4","key":"730_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000240","volume":"28","author":"R Ramos Veliz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ramos Veliz R, Requena B, Suarez-Arrones L, et al. Effects of 18-week in-season heavy-resistance and power training on throwing velocity, strength, jumping, and maximal sprint swim performance of elite male water polo players. J Strength Cond Res. 2014;28(4):1007\u201314.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"730_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1026102","volume":"3","author":"PD Gollnick","year":"1982","unstructured":"Gollnick PD. Relationship of strength and endurance with skeletal muscle structure and metabolic potential. Int J Sports Med. 1982;3:26\u201332.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"730_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000684","volume":"29","author":"AA Dingley","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dingley AA, Pyne DB, Youngson J, et al. Effectiveness of a dry-land resistance training programme on strength, power, and swimming performance in paralympic swimmers. J Strength Cond Res. 2015;29(3):619\u201326.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"730_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1080\/026404100750017805","volume":"18","author":"AM Stewart","year":"2000","unstructured":"Stewart AM, Hopkins WG. Seasonal training and performance of competitive swimmers. J Sports Sci. 2000;18(11):873\u201384.","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"key":"730_CR53","first-page":"381","volume-title":"Biomechanics and medicine in swimming VIII","author":"D Costill","year":"1999","unstructured":"Costill D. Training adaptations for optimal performance. In: Keskinen KL, Komi PV, Hollander AP, editors. Biomechanics and medicine in swimming VIII. Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4: University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4; 1999. p. 381\u201390."},{"key":"730_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199508000-00015","volume":"27","author":"C Delecluse","year":"1995","unstructured":"Delecluse C, Van Coppenolle H, Willems E, et al. Influence of high resistance and high velocity training on sprint performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995;27:1203\u20139.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"730_CR55","first-page":"27","volume":"1","author":"EW Maglischo","year":"1985","unstructured":"Maglischo EW, Maglischo CW, Zier DJ, et al. The effect of sprint-assisted and sprint-ressisted swimming on stroke mechanics. J Swimming Res. 1985;1:27\u201333.","journal-title":"J Swimming Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"730_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3233\/IES-2012-0468","volume":"21","author":"D Ju\u00e1rez Santos-Garc\u00eda","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ju\u00e1rez Santos-Garc\u00eda D, Gonz\u00e1lez-Rav\u00e9 JM, Legaz Arrese A, et al. Acute effects of two resisted exercises on 25\u00a0m swimming performance. Isokinet Exerc Sci. 2013;21(1):29\u201335.","journal-title":"Isokinet Exerc Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"730_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000707","volume":"29","author":"ES Villarreal De","year":"2015","unstructured":"De Villarreal ES, Suarez-Arrones L, Requena B, et al. Enhancing performance in professional water polo players: dryland training, in-water training, and combined training. J Strength Cond Res. 2015;29(4):1089\u201397.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"730_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-014-3093-5","volume":"115","author":"J Ribeiro","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ribeiro J, Figueiredo P, Sousa A, et al. $$\\dot{\\rm{V}}$$ V \u02d9 O2 kinetics and metabolic contributions during full and upper body extreme swimming intensity. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2015;115(5):1117\u201324.","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol."},{"issue":"03","key":"730_CR59","first-page":"191","volume":"37","author":"F Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez F, L\u00e4tt E, J\u00fcrim\u00e4e J, et al. VO2 kinetics in all-out arm stroke, leg kick and whole stroke front crawl 100-m swimming. Int J Sports Med. 2016;37(03):191\u20136.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"730_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-016-3372-4","volume":"116","author":"KS Morris","year":"2016","unstructured":"Morris KS, Osborne MA, Shephard ME, et al. Velocity, aerobic power and metabolic cost of whole body and arms only front crawl swimming at various stroke rates. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2016;116(5):1075\u201385.","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"730_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3471","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001443","volume":"30","author":"CJ McGowan","year":"2016","unstructured":"McGowan CJ, Pyne DB, Raglin JS, et al. Current warm-up practices and contemporary issues faced by elite swimming coaches. J Strength Cond Res. 2016;30(12):3471\u201380.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"730_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2010.523086","volume":"29","author":"T Telles","year":"2011","unstructured":"Telles T, Barbosa AC, Campos MH, et al. Effect of hand paddles and parachute on the index of coordination of competitive crawl-strokers. J Sports Sci. 2011;29(4):431\u20138.","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"key":"730_CR63","first-page":"191","volume-title":"Swimming V","author":"JP Clarys","year":"1988","unstructured":"Clarys JP, Toussaint HM, Bollens E, et al. Muscular specificity and intensity in swimming against a mechanical resistance: surface EMG in MAD-and free swimming. In: Ungerechts BE, Reischle K, Wilke K, editors. Swimming V. Champaign: Human Kinetics; 1988. p. 191\u20139."},{"issue":"5","key":"730_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-010-1696-z","volume":"111","author":"P Figueiredo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Figueiredo P, Zamparo P, Sousa A, et al. An energy balance of the 200 m front crawl race. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2011;111(5):767\u201377.","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"730_CR65","first-page":"429","volume-title":"Biomechanics and medicine in swimming VIII","author":"JC Chatard","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chatard JC, Mujika I. Training load and performance in swimming. In: Keskinen KL, Komi PV, Hollander AP, editors. Biomechanics and medicine in swimming VIII. Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4: University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4; 1999. p. 429\u201334"},{"key":"730_CR66","first-page":"29","volume":"21","author":"D Costill","year":"1980","unstructured":"Costill D, Sharp R, Troup J. Muscle strength: contributions to sprint swimming. Swim World. 1980;21:29\u201334.","journal-title":"Swim World."},{"issue":"6","key":"730_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198512000-00001","volume":"17","author":"AB Craig","year":"1985","unstructured":"Craig AB, Skehan PL, Pawelczyk JA, et al. Velocity, stroke rate, and distance per stroke during elite swimming competition. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1985;17(6):625\u201334.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"2","key":"730_CR68","first-page":"11","volume":"20","author":"J Hay","year":"1983","unstructured":"Hay J, Guimaraes A, Grimston S. A quantitative look at swimming biomechanics. Swimming Technique. 1983;20(2):11\u20137.","journal-title":"Swimming Technique."},{"key":"730_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-197901130-00011","volume":"11","author":"AB Craig","year":"1979","unstructured":"Craig AB, Pendergast DR. Relationships of stroke rate, distance per stroke, and velocity in competitive swimming. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1979;11:278\u201383.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"1","key":"730_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.2011.10599716","volume":"82","author":"C Schnitzler","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schnitzler C, Seifert L, Chollet D. Arm coordination and performance level in the 400-m front crawl. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2011;82(1):1\u20138.","journal-title":"Res Q Exerc Sport"},{"issue":"1","key":"730_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1139\/h2004-055","volume":"29","author":"LP Laffite","year":"2004","unstructured":"Laffite LP, Vilas-Boas JP, Demarle A, et al. Changes in physiological and stroke parameters during a maximal 400-m free swimming test in elite swimmers. Can J Appl Physiol. 2004;29(1):17\u201331.","journal-title":"Can J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"730_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1080\/02640410801974984","volume":"26","author":"M Alberty","year":"2008","unstructured":"Alberty M, Potdevin F, Dekerle J, et al. Changes in swimming technique during time to exhaustion at freely chosen and controlled stroke rates. J Sports Sci. 2008;26(11):1191\u2013200.","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"730_CR73","first-page":"12","volume":"6","author":"F Huot-Marchand","year":"2005","unstructured":"Huot-Marchand F, Nesi X, Sidney M, et al. Is improvement in performance linked to higher stroke length values in top-level 100-m front crawl swimmers? J Hum Mov Stud. 2005;6(1):12\u20138.","journal-title":"J Hum Mov Stud"},{"key":"730_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.5040\/9781492595809.ch-014","volume-title":"Research methods in biomechanics","author":"KJ Deluzio","year":"2014","unstructured":"Deluzio KJ, Harrison AJ, Coffey N, et al. Analysis of biomechnical waveform data. In: Robertson DGE, Caldwell GE, Hamill J, Kamen G, Whittlesey SN, editors. Research methods in biomechanics. 2nd ed. Champaign: Human Kinetics; 2014. p. 317\u201337.","edition":"2"},{"issue":"1","key":"730_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.103.1.67-75","volume":"103","author":"RJ Fernandes","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fernandes RJ, Marinho DA, Barbosa TM, et al. Is time limit at the minimum swimming velocity of VO2 max influenced by stroking parameters? Percept Mot Skills. 2006;103(1):67\u201375.","journal-title":"Percept Mot Skills"},{"issue":"S1","key":"730_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S17","DOI":"10.1139\/h2004-055","volume":"29","author":"LP Laffite","year":"2004","unstructured":"Laffite LP, Vilas-Boas JP, Demarle A, et al. Changes in physiological and stroke parameters during a maximal 400-m free swimming test in elite swimmers. Can J Appl Physiol. 2004;29(S1):S17\u201331.","journal-title":"Can J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"730_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31818acfba","volume":"41","author":"M Alberty","year":"2009","unstructured":"Alberty M, Sidney M, Pelayo P, et al. Stroking characteristics during time to exhaustion tests. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;41(3):637.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"730_CR78","first-page":"1","volume":"51","author":"DA Marinho","year":"2006","unstructured":"Marinho DA, Boas JPV, Keskinen KL, et al. Behaviour of the kinematic parameters during a time to exhaustion test at VO2max in elite swimmers. J Hum Movement Stud. 2006;51:1\u201310.","journal-title":"J Hum Movement Stud"},{"issue":"3","key":"730_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.9.3.219","volume":"9","author":"KL Keskinen","year":"1993","unstructured":"Keskinen KL, Komi PV. Stroking characteristics of front crawl swimming during exercise. J Appl Biomech. 1993;9(3):219\u201326.","journal-title":"J Appl Biomech"},{"key":"730_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.2478\/v10078-012-0029-1","volume":"32","author":"R Fernandes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fernandes R, Vilas-Boas J. Time to exhaustion at the VO2max velocity in swimming: a review. J Hum Kinet. 2012;32:121\u201334.","journal-title":"J Hum Kinet"},{"issue":"6","key":"730_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199928060-00004","volume":"28","author":"M Leveritt","year":"1999","unstructured":"Leveritt M, Abernethy PJ, Barry BK, et al. Concurrent strength and endurance training. A review. Sports Med. 1999;28(6):413\u201327.","journal-title":". Sports Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"730_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2293","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31823a3e2d","volume":"26","author":"JM Wilson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wilson JM, Marin PJ, Rhea MR, et al. Concurrent training: a meta-analysis examining interference of aerobic and resistance exercises. J Strength Cond Res. 2012;26(8):2293\u2013307.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"730_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1681.2002.03623.x","volume":"29","author":"JA Hawley","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hawley JA. Adaptations of skeletal muscle to prolonged, intense endurance training. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2002;29(3):218\u201322.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"730_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200232010-00003","volume":"32","author":"PB Laursen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Laursen PB, Jenkins DG. The scientific basis for high-intensity interval training. Sports Med. 2002;32(1):53\u201373.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"730_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-014-0162-1","volume":"44","author":"JJ Fyfe","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fyfe JJ, Bishop DJ, Stepto NK. Interference between concurrent resistance and endurance exercise: molecular bases and the role of individual training variables. Sports Med. 2014;44(6):743\u201362.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"730_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.2165\/11537690-000000000-00000","volume":"41","author":"P Cormie","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cormie P, McGuigan MR, Newton RU. Developing maximal neuromuscular power. Sports Med. 2011;41(1):17\u201338.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"730_CR87","first-page":"95","volume":"15","author":"DG Sale","year":"1987","unstructured":"Sale DG. Influence of exercise and training on motor unit activation. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 1987;15:95\u2013151.","journal-title":"Exerc Sport Sci Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"730_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1139\/H09-023","volume":"34","author":"JA Hawley","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hawley JA. Molecular responses to strength and endurance training: are they incompatible? Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2009;34(3):355\u201361.","journal-title":"Appl Physiol Nutr Metab"},{"issue":"9","key":"730_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200737090-00001","volume":"37","author":"VG Coffey","year":"2007","unstructured":"Coffey VG, Hawley JA. The molecular bases of training adaptation. Sports Med. 2007;37(9):737\u201363.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"730_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e9199","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009199","volume":"5","author":"HS Ghosh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ghosh HS, McBurney M, Robbins PD. SIRT1 negatively regulates the mammalian target of rapamycin. PLoS One. 2010;5(2):e9199.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"12","key":"730_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1992","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00166.2012","volume":"112","author":"CE Donges","year":"2012","unstructured":"Donges CE, Burd NA, Duffield R, et al. Concurrent resistance and aerobic exercise stimulates both myofibrillar and mitochondrial protein synthesis in sedentary middle-aged men. J Appl Physiol. 2012;112(12):1992\u20132001.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"730_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00091.2013","volume":"305","author":"W Apro","year":"2013","unstructured":"Apro W, Wang L, Ponten M, et al. Resistance exercise induced mTORC1 signalling is not impaired by subsequent endurance exercise in human skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2013;305:22\u201332.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"730_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00086.2011","volume":"111","author":"L Wang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wang L, Mascher H, Psilander N, et al. Resistance exercise enhances the molecular signalling of mitochondrial biogenesis induced by endurance exercise in human skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol. 2011;111(5):1335\u201344.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"730_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318256fbe8","volume":"44","author":"TR Lundberg","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lundberg TR, Fernandez-Gonzalo R, Gustafsson T, et al. Aerobic exercise alters skeletal muscle molecular responses to resistance exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012;44(9):1680\u20138.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"1","key":"730_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001091","volume":"30","author":"PG Botonis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Botonis PG, Toubekis AG, Platanou TI. Concurrent strength and interval endurance training in elite water polo players. J Strength Cond Res. 2016;30(1):126\u201333.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"730_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E849","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00299.2005","volume":"290","author":"VG Coffey","year":"2006","unstructured":"Coffey VG, Shield A, Canny BJ, et al. Interaction of contractile activity and training history on mRNA abundance in skeletal muscle from trained athletes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006;290(5):E849\u201355.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"730_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.05-4809fje","volume":"20","author":"VG Coffey","year":"2006","unstructured":"Coffey VG, Zhong Z, Shield A, et al. Early signalling responses to divergent exercise stimuli in skeletal muscle from well-trained humans. FASEB J. 2006;20(1):190\u20132.","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"2","key":"730_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-014-0252-0","volume":"44","author":"K Baar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Baar K. Using molecular biology to maximize concurrent training. Sports Med. 2014;44(2):117\u201325.","journal-title":"Sports Med"}],"container-title":["Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40279-017-0730-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40279-017-0730-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40279-017-0730-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T10:36:32Z","timestamp":1692786992000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40279-017-0730-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,12]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]}},"alternative-id":["730"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-017-0730-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0112-1642","1179-2035"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0112-1642","type":"print"},{"value":"1179-2035","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,12]]}}}