{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T21:38:40Z","timestamp":1790285920424,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,21]],"date-time":"2019-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571616000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,21]],"date-time":"2019-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012676","name":"National Collegiate Athletic Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012676","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23 HD078502"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23 HD078502"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Rehabilitation Medicine Scientist Training Program","award":["K12HD001097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K12HD001097"]}]},{"name":"Grand Alliance CARE Consortium: NCAA and DoD","award":["W81XWH-14-2-0151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-14-2-0151"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-019-01200-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,21]],"date-time":"2019-10-21T06:52:29Z","timestamp":1571640749000},"page":"1027-1038","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Effect of Routine Sport Participation on Short-Term Clinical Neurological Outcomes: A Comparison of Non-Contact, Contact, and Collision Sport Athletes"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9630-0048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James T.","family":"Eckner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingshen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay D.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Bancroft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Pohorence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuming","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven P.","family":"Broglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher C.","family":"Giza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin M.","family":"Guskiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey S.","family":"Kutcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"McCrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"1200_CR1","unstructured":"N. F. S. H. S. A. National. (2016, March 9, 2016). 2014\u20132015 High School Athletics Participaiton Survey. \nhttp:\/\/www.nfhs.org\/ParticipationStatics\/PDF\/2014-15_Participation_Survey_Results.pdf\n\n."},{"key":"1200_CR2","unstructured":"N. National. (2016, December 12, 2017). NCAA Sports Sponsorship and Participation Rates Report: Student-Athlete Participation 1981\u20131981\u20132015\u20132016. \nhttp:\/\/www.ncaapublications.com\/productdownloads\/PR1516.pdf\n\n."},{"key":"1200_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2010.1512","volume":"31","author":"TM Talavage","year":"2014","unstructured":"Talavage TM, Nauman EA, Breedlove EL, Yoruk U, Dye AE, Morigaki KE, et al. Functionally-detected cognitive impairment in high school football players without clinically-diagnosed concussion. J Neurotrauma. 2014;31:327\u201338.","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma."},{"key":"1200_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2012.01.034","volume":"45","author":"EL Breedlove","year":"2012","unstructured":"Breedlove EL, Robinson M, Talavage TM, Morigaki KE, Yoruk U, O\u2019Keefe K, et al. Biomechanical correlates of symptomatic and asymptomatic neurophysiological impairment in high school football. J Biomech. 2012;45:1265\u201372.","journal-title":"J Biomech."},{"key":"1200_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1080\/87565641.2015.1016161","volume":"40","author":"EA Nauman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nauman EA, Breedlove KM, Breedlove EL, Talavage TM, Robinson ME, Leverenz LJ. Post-season neurophysiological deficits assessed by ImPACT and fMRI in athletes competing in American football. Dev Neuropsychol. 2015;40:85\u201391.","journal-title":"Dev Neuropsychol."},{"key":"1200_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2014.0279","volume":"5","author":"K Abbas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abbas K, Shenk TE, Poole VN, Breedlove EL, Leverenz LJ, Nauman EA, et al. Alteration of default mode network in high school football athletes due to repetitive subconcussive mild traumatic brain injury: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Brain Connect. 2015;5:91\u2013101.","journal-title":"Brain Connect."},{"key":"1200_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1080\/87565641.2014.990455","volume":"40","author":"K Abbas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abbas K, Shenk TE, Poole VN, Robinson ME, Leverenz LJ, Nauman EA, et al. Effects of repetitive sub-concussive brain injury on the functional connectivity of Default Mode Network in high school football athletes. Dev Neuropsychol. 2015;40:51\u20136.","journal-title":"Dev Neuropsychol."},{"key":"1200_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2014.3415","volume":"31","author":"B Johnson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Johnson B, Neuberger T, Gay M, Hallett M, Slobounov S. Effects of subconcussive head trauma on the default mode network of the brain. J Neurotrauma. 2014;31:1907\u201313.","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma."},{"key":"1200_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.03.006","volume":"14","author":"SM Slobounov","year":"2017","unstructured":"Slobounov SM, Walter A, Breiter HC, Zhu DC, Bai X, Bream T, et al. The effect of repetitive subconcussive collisions on brain integrity in collegiate football players over a single football season: a multi-modal neuroimaging study. Neuroimage Clin. 2017;14:708\u201318.","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"key":"1200_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00390","volume":"8","author":"NW Churchill","year":"2017","unstructured":"Churchill NW, Hutchison MG, Di Battista AP, Graham SJ, Schweizer TA. Structural, functional, and metabolic brain markers differentiate collision versus contact and non-contact athletes. Front Neurol. 2017;8:390.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"1200_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2013.3233","volume":"31","author":"EM Davenport","year":"2014","unstructured":"Davenport EM, Whitlow CT, Urban JE, Espeland MA, Jung Y, Rosenbaum DA, et al. Abnormal white matter integrity related to head impact exposure in a season of high school varsity football. J Neurotrauma. 2014;31:1617\u201324.","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma."},{"key":"1200_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2015.4267","volume":"33","author":"EM Davenport","year":"2016","unstructured":"Davenport EM, Apkarian K, Whitlow CT, Urban JE, Jensen JH, Szuch E, et al. Abnormalities in diffusional kurtosis metrics related to head impact exposure in a season of high school varsity football. J Neurotrauma. 2016;33:2133\u201346.","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma."},{"key":"1200_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2016160564","volume":"281","author":"N Bahrami","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bahrami N, Sharma D, Rosenthal S, Davenport EM, Urban JE, Wagner B, et al. Subconcussive head impact exposure and white matter tract changes over a single season of youth football. Radiology. 2016;281:919\u201326.","journal-title":"Radiology."},{"key":"1200_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2011.10.001","volume":"30","author":"JJ Bazarian","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bazarian JJ, Zhu T, Blyth B, Borrino A, Zhong J. Subject-specific changes in brain white matter on diffusion tensor imaging after sports-related concussion. Magn Reson Imaging. 2012;30:171\u201380.","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging."},{"key":"1200_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e94734","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0094734","volume":"9","author":"JJ Bazarian","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bazarian JJ, Zhu T, Zhong J, Janigro D, Rozen E, Roberts A, et al. Persistent, long-term cerebral white matter changes after sports-related repetitive head impacts. PLoS One. 2014;9:e94734.","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"1200_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3679","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-016-1680-9","volume":"44","author":"K Merchant-Borna","year":"2016","unstructured":"Merchant-Borna K, Asselin P, Narayan D, Abar B, Jones CM, Bazarian JJ. Novel method of weighting cumulative helmet impacts improves correlation with brain white matter changes after one football Season of sub-concussive head blows. Ann Biomed Eng. 2016;44:3679\u201392.","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng."},{"key":"1200_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-017-9672-4","volume":"12","author":"MC Mayinger","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mayinger MC, Merchant-Borna K, Hufschmidt J, Muehlmann M, Weir IR, Rauchmann BS, et al. White matter alterations in college football players: a longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging study. Brain Imaging Behav. 2017;12:44\u201353.","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav."},{"key":"1200_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1080\/87565641.2015.1020945","volume":"40","author":"IY Chun","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chun IY, Mao X, Breedlove EL, Leverenz LJ, Nauman EA, Talavage TM. DTI detection of longitudinal WM Abnormalities due to accumulated head impacts. Dev Neuropsychol. 2015;40:92\u20137.","journal-title":"Dev Neuropsychol."},{"key":"1200_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000438220.16190.42","volume":"82","author":"TW McAllister","year":"2014","unstructured":"McAllister TW, Ford JC, Flashman LA, Maerlender A, Greenwald RM, Beckwith JG, et al. Effect of head impacts on diffusivity measures in a cohort of collegiate contact sport athletes. Neurology. 2014;82:63\u20139.","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"1200_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.13735","volume":"308","author":"IK Koerte","year":"2012","unstructured":"Koerte IK, Ertl-Wagner B, Reiser M, Zafonte R, Shenton ME. White matter integrity in the brains of professional soccer players without a symptomatic concussion. JAMA. 2012;308:1859\u201361.","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"1200_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1080\/87565641.2014.940619","volume":"39","author":"VN Poole","year":"2014","unstructured":"Poole VN, Abbas K, Shenk TE, Breedlove EL, Breedlove KM, Robinson ME, et al. MR spectroscopic evidence of brain injury in the non-diagnosed collision sport athlete. Dev Neuropsychol. 2014;39:459\u201373.","journal-title":"Dev Neuropsychol."},{"key":"1200_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1080\/87565641.2014.984810","volume":"40","author":"VN Poole","year":"2015","unstructured":"Poole VN, Breedlove EL, Shenk TE, Abbas K, Robinson ME, Leverenz LJ, et al. Sub-concussive hit characteristics predict deviant brain metabolism in football athletes. Dev Neuropsychol. 2015;40:12\u20137.","journal-title":"Dev Neuropsychol."},{"key":"1200_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2254","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2016.4786","volume":"34","author":"K Kawata","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kawata K, Rubin LH, Takahagi M, Lee JH, Sim T, Szwanki V, et al. Subconcussive impact-dependent increase in plasma S100beta levels in collegiate football players. J Neurotrauma. 2017;34:2254\u201360.","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma."},{"key":"1200_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.14423\/SMJ.0000000000000342","volume":"108","author":"MJ Wilson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wilson MJ, Harkrider AW, King KA. Effect of repetitive, subconcussive impacts on electrophysiological measures of attention. South Med J. 2015;108:559\u201366.","journal-title":"South Med J."},{"key":"1200_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-011-0421-3","volume":"40","author":"SM Gysland","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gysland SM, Mihalik JP, Register-Mihalik JK, Trulock SC, Shields EW, Guskiewicz KM. The relationship between subconcussive impacts and concussion history on clinical measures of neurologic function in collegiate football players. Ann Biomed Eng. 2012;40:14\u201322.","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng."},{"key":"1200_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1080\/87565641.2016.1243114","volume":"42","author":"BL Brett","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brett BL, Solomon GS. Comparison of neurocognitive performance in contact and noncontact nonconcussed high school athletes across a two-year interval. Dev Neuropsychol. 2017;42:70\u201382.","journal-title":"Dev Neuropsychol."},{"key":"1200_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182582fe7","volume":"78","author":"TW McAllister","year":"2012","unstructured":"McAllister TW, Flashman LA, Maerlender A, Greenwald RM, Beckwith JG, Tosteson TD, et al. Cognitive effects of one season of head impacts in a cohort of collegiate contact sport athletes. Neurology. 2012;78:1777\u201384.","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"1200_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2389","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2016.4960","volume":"34","author":"IK Koerte","year":"2017","unstructured":"Koerte IK, Nichols E, Tripodis Y, Schultz V, Lehner S, Igbinoba R, et al. Impaired cognitive performance in youth athletes exposed to repetitive head impacts. J Neurotrauma. 2017;34:2389\u201395.","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma."},{"key":"1200_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738116685306","volume":"9","author":"TL Miyashita","year":"2017","unstructured":"Miyashita TL, Diakogeorgiou E, Marrie K. Correlation of head impacts to change in balance error scoring system scores in division I men\u2019s lacrosse players. Sports Health. 2017;9:318\u201323.","journal-title":"Sports Health."},{"key":"1200_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2017.09.018","volume":"132","author":"NG Murray","year":"2017","unstructured":"Murray NG, Grimes KE, Shiflett ED, Munkasy BA, D\u2019Amico NR, Mormile ME, et al. Repetitive head impacts do not affect postural control following a competitive athletic season. Int J Psychophysiol. 2017;132:81\u20136.","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol."},{"key":"1200_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2016.1085","volume":"134","author":"K Kawata","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kawata K, Rubin LH, Lee JH, Sim T, Takahagi M, Szwanki V, et al. Association of football subconcussive head impacts with ocular near point of convergence. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2016;134:763\u20139.","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"key":"1200_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.3233\/THC-171079","volume":"26","author":"EB Brokaw","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brokaw EB, Fine MS, Kindschi KE, Santago II, Lum PS, Higgins M. Cross-sectional evaluation of visuomotor tracking performance following subconcussive head impacts. Technol Health Care. 2017;26:109\u201318.","journal-title":"Technol Health Care."},{"key":"1200_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000138","volume":"31","author":"HG Belanger","year":"2016","unstructured":"Belanger HG, Vanderploeg RD, McAllister T. Subconcussive blows to the head: a formative review of short-term clinical outcomes. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2016;31:159\u201366.","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil."},{"key":"1200_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.01.035","volume":"205","author":"CL Mac Donald","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mac Donald CL, Dikranian K, Song SK, Bayly PV, Holtzman DM, Brody DL. Detection of traumatic axonal injury with diffusion tensor imaging in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol. 2007;205:116\u201331.","journal-title":"Exp Neurol."},{"key":"1200_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2248","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr161","volume":"134","author":"MD Budde","year":"2011","unstructured":"Budde MD, Janes L, Gold E, Turtzo LC, Frank JA. The contribution of gliosis to diffusion tensor anisotropy and tractography following traumatic brain injury: validation in the rat using Fourier analysis of stained tissue sections. Brain. 2011;134:2248\u201360.","journal-title":"Brain."},{"key":"1200_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2012.00032","volume":"6","author":"AP Mackey","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mackey AP, Whitaker KJ, Bunge SA. Experience-dependent plasticity in white matter microstructure: reasoning training alters structural connectivity. Front Neuroanat. 2012;6:32.","journal-title":"Front Neuroanat."},{"key":"1200_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2412","volume":"12","author":"J Scholz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Scholz J, Klein MC, Behrens TE, Johansen-Berg H. Training induces changes in white-matter architecture. Nat Neurosci. 2009;12:1370\u20131.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci."},{"key":"1200_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-017-0707-1","volume":"47","author":"SP Broglio","year":"2017","unstructured":"Broglio SP, McCrea M, McAllister T, Harezlak J, Katz B, Hack D, et al. A National Study on the Effects of Concussion in Collegiate Athletes and US Military Service Academy Members: The NCAA-DoD Concussion Assessment, Research and Education (CARE) Consortium Structure and Methods. Sports Med. 2017;47:1437\u201351.","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"1200_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e3181a501db","volume":"19","author":"P McCrory","year":"2009","unstructured":"McCrory P, Meeuwisse W, Johnston K, Dvorak J, Aubry M, Molloy M, et al. Consensus statement on Concussion in Sport 3rd International Conference on Concussion in Sport held in Zurich, November 2008. Clin J Sport Med. 2009;19:185\u2013200.","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med."},{"key":"1200_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.12.028","volume":"89","author":"SJ Meachen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Meachen SJ, Hanks RA, Millis SR, Rapport LJ. The reliability and validity of the brief symptom inventory\u201418 in persons with traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008;89:958\u201365.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil."},{"key":"1200_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa5701_17","volume":"57","author":"W Pavot","year":"1991","unstructured":"Pavot W, Diener E, Colvin CR, Sandvik E. Further validation of the Satisfaction with Life Scale: evidence for the cross-method convergence of well-being measures. J Pers Assess. 1991;57:149\u201361.","journal-title":"J Pers Assess."},{"key":"1200_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1097\/00001199-199804000-00005","volume":"13","author":"M McCrea","year":"1998","unstructured":"McCrea M, Kelly JP, Randolph C, Kluge J, Bartolic E, Finn G, et al. Standardized assessment of concussion (SAC): on-site mental status evaluation of the athlete. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 1998;13:27\u201335.","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil."},{"key":"1200_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617701766052","volume":"7","author":"WB Barr","year":"2001","unstructured":"Barr WB, McCrea M. Sensitivity and specificity of standardized neurocognitive testing immediately following sports concussion. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2001;7:693\u2013702.","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc."},{"key":"1200_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2012-091579","volume":"48","author":"JT Eckner","year":"2014","unstructured":"Eckner JT, Kutcher JS, Broglio SP, Richardson JK. Effect of sport-related concussion on clinically measured simple reaction time. Br J Sports Med. 2014;48:112\u20138.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med."},{"key":"1200_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.108.3.717-720","volume":"108","author":"JT Eckner","year":"2009","unstructured":"Eckner JT, Whitacre RD, Kirsch NL, Richardson JK. Evaluating a clinical measure of reaction time: an observational study. Percept Mot Skills. 2009;108:717\u201320.","journal-title":"Percept Mot Skills."},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"1200_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i58","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2005.020776","volume":"39","author":"P McCrory","year":"2005","unstructured":"McCrory P, Makdissi M, Davis G, Collie A. Value of neuropsychological testing after head injuries in football. Br J Sports Med. 2005;39(suppl 1):i58\u201363.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med."},{"key":"1200_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1076\/clin.17.4.460.27934","volume":"17","author":"GL Iverson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Iverson GL, Lovell MR, Collins MW. Interpreting change on ImPACT following sport concussion. Clin Neuropsychol. 2003;17:460\u20137.","journal-title":"Clin Neuropsychol."},{"key":"1200_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acn.2006.05.007","volume":"21","author":"CT Gualtieri","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gualtieri CT, Johnson LG. Reliability and validity of a computerized neurocognitive test battery, CNS Vital Signs. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2006;21:623\u201343.","journal-title":"Arch Clin Neuropsychol."},{"key":"1200_CR49","first-page":"263","volume":"36","author":"KM Guskiewicz","year":"2001","unstructured":"Guskiewicz KM, Ross SE, Marshall SW. Postural stability and neuropsychological deficits after concussion in collegiate athletes. J Athl Train. 2001;36:263\u201373.","journal-title":"J Athl Train."},{"key":"1200_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-0080","volume":"121","author":"SG Rice","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rice SG. American Academy of Pediatrics Council on Sports, and Fitness. Medical conditions affecting sports participation. Pediatrics. 2008;121:841\u20138.","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"1200_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Derogatis LR. BSI 18. Brief Symptom Inventory 18: Administration, scoring and procedures manual: NCS Pearson, Incorporated. 2001.","DOI":"10.1037\/t07502-000"},{"key":"1200_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000078940.53438.83","volume":"61","author":"RB Lipton","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lipton RB, Dodick D, Sadovsky R, Kolodner K, Endicott J, Hettiarachchi J, et al. A self-administered screener for migraine in primary care: the ID Migraine validation study. Neurology. 2003;61:375\u201382.","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"1200_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-017-0813-0","volume":"48","author":"SP Broglio","year":"2018","unstructured":"Broglio SP, Katz BP, Zhao S, McCrea M, McAllister T, CC Investigators. Test-retest reliability and interpretation of common concussion assessment tools: findings from the NCAA-DoD CARE Consortium. Sports Med. 2018;48:1255\u201368.","journal-title":"Sports Med."}],"container-title":["Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40279-019-01200-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40279-019-01200-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40279-019-01200-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]],"date-time":"2020-10-19T19:05:40Z","timestamp":1603134340000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40279-019-01200-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,21]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}},"alternative-id":["1200"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-019-01200-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0112-1642","1179-2035"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0112-1642","type":"print"},{"value":"1179-2035","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 October 2019","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was performed in accordance with the standards of ethics outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided informed written consent (or written assent with parental consent, for minors) prior to participation in this study. This research was approved by the Institutional Review Boards at the University of Michigan, Medical College of Wisconsin, University of California Los Angeles, and University of North Carolina. All sources of funding for this study are listed in the Acknowledgements.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"In the previous 36\u00a0months and during the project period: Author Eckner has received unrelated research funding from the following: US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, NICHD; Rehabilitation Medicine Scientist Training Program; University of Michigan; Foundation for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation; ElMindA Ltd; he is co-inventor of US patent 8,657,295 owned by employer University of Michigan; he was a paid grant reviewer for SRA International; he received speaker honoraria from the University of Utah and the American College of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons\/Canadian Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons Joint Annual Conference. Author Nelson has received unrelated research funding from the NIH, Advancing a Healthier Wisconsin, Department of Defense, National Collegiate Athletic Association. Author Giza has received unrelated research funding from the following: NIH\/NINDS, UCLA Brain Injury Research Center, UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, Easton Clinic for Brain Health; he has received consultant fees from Neural Analytics Inc.; he has been a paid advisory panel member for Highmark Interactive with stock\/stock options and an unpaid advisory panel member for the MLS, NBA, US Soccer, and NCAA (travel reimbursement only for MLS and NCAA); he has been a Data Safety Monitoring Board member for LA Biomed Institute; he has received payment for providing expert medical-legal testimony; he receives book royalties from Wiley Publishing; he has received speaker honoraria for Sports Neurology lectures at multiple academic and medical institutions; he is a clinical consultant to the LA Lakers, NFL-Neurological Care Program, NHL Players Association. Author Guskiewicz has received unrelated research funding from the following: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Department of Defense; National Collegiate Athletic Association; National Football League. Authors Wang, Bancroft, Pohorence, Broglio, He, Kutcher, and McCrea declare no conflicts.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest:"}}]}}