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Outcomes included normalized isokinetic strength, muscle size, voluntary activation, cortical and spinal-reflex excitability, and other torque related outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 46 studies of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and five of meniscal injury were included. For ACL injury, strength and voluntary activation deficits were evident (moderate to strong evidence). Cortical excitability was not affected at\u2009&lt;\u20096\u00a0months (moderate evidence) but decreased at 24+\u2009months (moderate evidence). Spinal-reflex excitability did not change at\u2009&lt;\u20096\u00a0months (moderate evidence) but increased at 24+\u2009months (strong evidence). We also found deficits in torque variability, rate of torque development, and electromechanical delay (very limited to moderate evidence). For meniscus injury, strength deficits were evident only in the short-term. No studies reported gastrocnemius, soleus or popliteus muscle outcomes for either injury. No studies were found for other ligamentous or chondral injuries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neuromuscular deficits persist for years post-injury\/surgery, though the majority of evidence is from ACL injured populations. Muscle strength deficits are accompanied by neural alterations and changes in control and timing of muscle force, but more studies are needed to fill the evidence gaps we have identified. Better characterisation and therapeutic strategies addressing these deficits could improve rehabilitation outcomes, and potentially prevent PTOA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration Number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PROSPERO CRD42019141850.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-020-01386-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,27]],"date-time":"2020-11-27T13:03:11Z","timestamp":1606482191000},"page":"321-338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":180,"title":["Neuromuscular Function of the Knee Joint Following Knee Injuries: Does It Ever Get Back to Normal? 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The sponsors had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Funding"}},{"value":"Beyza Tayfur, Chedsada Charuphongsa, Dylan Morrissey and Stuart Miller declare that they have no conflicts of interest relevant to the content of this review.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author [BT].","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Availability of data and material"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Code availability"}},{"value":"Conception and design of the study: BT, DM and SCM. Screening of the articles, data extraction, methodological quality ratings and data analysis: BT and CC. First drafting of the manuscript: BT. Critical revision of the manuscript: DM and SCM. All authors approved the version to be published.","order":9,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Author contributions"}}]}}