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Demographic information, engagement in sport, sport injuries, medical conditions, mood, alcohol and substance use and ratings of current health status were obtained from a self-report 58-item general health e-questionnaire. We highlighted standardised differences in means of\u2009&gt;\u20090.6 and differences in relative percentages of\u2009&gt;\u20091.43 for variables between groups as representing at least moderate effect sizes, and of being worthy of follow-up studies.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Higher percentages of the elite rugby player group had sustained injuries of a given body-site type (e.g. neck sprain\/strain, thigh bruising, hamstring strain) combination than the non-contact sports players. Higher percentages of the rugby groups reported having sustained concussion (94% for elite, 82% for community, 26% for non-contact), injuries requiring hospitalisation (73%, 46%, 25%), injuries that stopped participation in sport permanently (28%, 28%, 11%) and sport-related surgery (72%, 46%, 32%) during their playing career. Both rugby groups had a higher prevalence of osteoarthritis (37%, 18%, 6%) than non-contact athletes and community rugby players had higher levels of hazardous alcohol consumption (38%, 40%, 25%) in retirement than non-contact athletes. There was little difference between rugby players and non-contact sports athletes in self-reported mood, substance use and current physical or psychological health ratings.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Former rugby player groups were at higher risk than the non-contact player group for most injuries during their playing careers, and in retirement had greater prevalence of osteoarthritis and hazardous alcohol consumption. The relative youth of the groups (43.8\u00a0years on average) means that health issues that typically do not emerge until later life may not have yet manifested.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-021-01630-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]],"date-time":"2022-01-28T01:03:20Z","timestamp":1643331800000},"page":"1701-1713","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["NZ-RugbyHealth Study: Self-reported Injury Experience and Current Health of Former Rugby Union and Non-contact Sport Players"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1847-8128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patria A.","family":"Hume","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth L.","family":"Quarrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gwyn N.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Theadom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"1630_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-017-0838-4","volume":"48","author":"C Yeoman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yeoman C, Kenny IC, Cahalan R, et al. 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Professor Patria Hume collaborated in designing the <i>NZ-RugbyHealth<\/i> project, was responsible for the original conception of the project, wrote the funding application, obtained ethical approval, helped recruit participants, analysed data, provided interpretation of results, wrote the first draft of the technical reports and the manuscript. Dr Ken Quarrie initiated the <i>NZ-RugbyHealth<\/i> project, helped determine the questions, helped analyse data, provided interpretation of results and co-authored the manuscript. Associate Professor Gwyn Lewis helped recruit participants, helped analyse data, provided interpretation of results and co-authored the manuscript. Professor Alice Theadom helped determine the questions, recruit participants, provided interpretation of results and co-authored the manuscript. All authors take responsibility for the paper.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Contributors statement"}},{"value":"Kenneth L. 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Participants gave informed consent after reading a participant information sheet about the project.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The study was funded by World Rugby (International Rugby Board) and New Zealand Rugby, and staff salaries provided in kind by the Sport Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), the National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences (NISAN) and the Health and Rehabilitation Research Institute (HRRI) of Auckland University of Technology.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Funding"}},{"value":"Not commissioned, externally peer reviewed.","order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Provenance and peer review"}}]}}