{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T22:33:24Z","timestamp":1793918004728,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]],"date-time":"2022-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668470400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]],"date-time":"2022-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007323","name":"Bundesinstitut f\u00fcr Sportwissenschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZMVI1-081901 14-18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZMVI1-081901 14-18"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007323","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007323","name":"Bundesinstitut f\u00fcr Sportwissenschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZMVI4-081901\/20-23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZMVI4-081901\/20-23"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007323","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Albert-Ludwigs-Universit\u00e4t Freiburg im Breisgau"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Balance and resistance training applied as single-mode interventions have proven to enhance measures of balance and\/or muscular fitness in youth and youth athletes. Less is known on the effectiveness of combined or sequenced balance and resistance training in youth and youth athletes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this scoping review was to describe the effects of concurrently performed balance and resistance training (i.e., metastable resistance training) and different sequencing schemes of balance and resistance training on measures of balance and\/or muscular fitness in healthy youth and youth athletes. We additionally aimed to identify knowledge gaps in the literature.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>According to the principles of a scoping review, we followed a broad research question, identified gaps in the literature, and reported findings on the level of single studies but did not aggregate and meta-analyze outcomes across studies. For this purpose, systematic literature searches were conducted in the electronic databases PubMed (including MEDLINE), Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus from inception until August 2022. We included metastable resistance training and sequenced balance and resistance training studies in healthy youth and youth athletes aged 6\u201318\u00a0years that investigated the training-induced effects on measures of balance (e.g., stork balance test) and muscular fitness (e.g., countermovement jump test) in contrast to active\/passive controls. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was used to assess the risk of bias. The Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT) was applied for the whole scoping review on levels A (high strength of recommendation) to C (low strength of recommendation) and for individual studies on levels 1 (high-quality evidence) to 3 (low-quality evidence).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The strength of recommendation for the scoping review was level B based on inconsistent or limited-quality evidence. Eleven randomized controlled trials were eligible to be included in this scoping review and each study was rated as \u2018limited-quality evidence\u2019. A median PEDro score of 6 was computed across the included studies. Four studies examined the effects of metastable resistance training (e.g., plyometric training on unstable surfaces) on measures of balance and\/or muscle fitness in youth athletes. The remaining seven studies investigated the impact of sequenced balance and resistance training (e.g., blocked balance training followed by blocked resistance training) on measures of balance and\/or muscle fitness in youth and youth athletes. The duration of the intervention programs ranged from 6 to 10\u00a0weeks with 2-weekly to 3-weekly exercise sessions. Participants\u2019 age range was 10\u201318\u00a0years (mean 15\u00a0years). Ten studies examined young male and female athletes from different sports (i.e., basketball, handball, soccer) and one study physical education students. Metastable resistance training compared with plyometric training performed on stable surfaces showed no extra effect on measures of balance and muscular fitness. Stable plyometric training appears to be even more effective to improve jump performance. Sequenced balance and resistance training in the form of a mesocycle of balance followed by plyometric training seems to be particularly effective to improve measures of balance and muscular fitness in young athletes. This scoping review identified knowledge gaps that may indicate future research avenues: (i) comparative studies should be designed to examine how sex, age, maturity status, and expertise level impact on the adaptive potential following metastable resistance training or sequenced balance and resistance training in youth and youth athletes, (ii) at least one established measure of balance and muscular fitness should always be included in study designs to allow future comparison between studies and to aggregate (meta-analyze) findings across studies and (iii) studies are needed that examine neuromuscular and tendomuscular adaptations following these exercise types as well as dosage effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>According to the results of this scoping review, balance training should be an essential training component for youth that is incorporated with the resistance training exercises or introduced at least a month before resistance and plyometric training within a periodized training program. More research is needed to examine the moderating roles of age, maturity status, and sex.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-022-01789-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]],"date-time":"2022-11-15T07:03:01Z","timestamp":1668495781000},"page":"349-370","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Relevance and Effectiveness of Combined Resistance and Balance Training to Improve Balance and Muscular Fitness in Healthy Youth and Youth Athletes: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7095-813X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Urs","family":"Granacher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David G.","family":"Behm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"1789_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1007\/s10389-006-0026-8","volume":"14","author":"JR Ruiz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ruiz JR, Ortega FB, Meusel D, Harro M, Oja P, Sj\u00f6str\u00f6m M. Cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with features of metabolic risk factors in children. Should cardiorespiratory fitness be assessed in a European health monitoring system? The European Youth Heart Study. J Public Health. 2006;14:94\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10389-006-0026-8.","journal-title":"J Public Health"},{"key":"1789_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803774","volume":"32","author":"FB Ortega","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ortega FB, Ruiz JR, Castillo MJ, Sj\u00f6str\u00f6m M. Physical fitness in childhood and adolescence: a powerful marker of health. Int J Obes. 2008;32:1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803774.","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"1789_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2571","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-021-01520-y","volume":"51","author":"C Cadenas-Sanchez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cadenas-Sanchez C, Mena-Molina A, Torres-Lopez LV, Migueles JH, Rodriguez-Ayllon M, Lubans DR, Ortega FB. Healthier minds in fitter bodies: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between physical fitness and mental health in youth. Sports Med. 2021;51:2571\u2013605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-021-01520-y.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"1789_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-014-0196-4","volume":"44","author":"JJ Smith","year":"2014","unstructured":"Smith JJ, Eather N, Morgan PJ, Plotnikoff RC, Faigenbaum AD, Lubans DR. The health benefits of muscular fitness for children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2014;44:1209\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-014-0196-4.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"1789_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092952","volume":"48","author":"RS Lloyd","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lloyd RS, Faigenbaum AD, Stone MH, Oliver JL, Jeffreys I, Moody JA, et al. Position statement on youth resistance training: the 2014 International Consensus. Br J Sports Med. 2014;48:498\u2013505. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092952.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"1789_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003942","volume":"35","author":"K Wick","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wick K, Kriemler S, Granacher U. Effects of a strength-dominated exercise program on physical fitness and cognitive performance in preschool children. J Strength Cond Res. 2021;35:983\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003942.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"1789_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.2010.10599672","volume":"81","author":"U Granacher","year":"2010","unstructured":"Granacher U, Gollhofer A, Kriemler S. Effects of balance training on postural sway, leg extensor strength, and jumping height in adolescents. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2010;81:245\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02701367.2010.10599672.","journal-title":"Res Q Exerc Sport"},{"key":"1789_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.1040805","volume":"172","author":"CA Emery","year":"2005","unstructured":"Emery CA, Cassidy JD, Klassen TP, Rosychuk RJ, Rowe BH. Effectiveness of a home-based balance-training program in reducing sports-related injuries among healthy adolescents: a cluster randomized controlled trial. CMAJ. 2005;172:749\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503\/cmaj.1040805.","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"1789_CR9","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Physical activity. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/physical-activity. [Accessed 31 Aug 2022]."},{"key":"1789_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2010.07.013","volume":"51","author":"J Boone-Heinonen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Boone-Heinonen J, Casanova K, Richardson AS, Gordon-Larsen P. Where can they play? Outdoor spaces and physical activity among adolescents in US urbanized areas. Prev Med. 2010;51:295\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ypmed.2010.07.013.","journal-title":"Prev Med."},{"key":"1789_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2019.0238","volume":"23","author":"E Felix","year":"2020","unstructured":"Felix E, Silva V, Caetano M, Ribeiro MVV, Fidalgo TM, Rosa Neto F, et al. Excessive screen media use in preschoolers is associated with poor motor skills. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2020;23:418\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/cyber.2019.0238.","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw"},{"key":"1789_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1249\/JSR.0000000000000784","volume":"19","author":"AD Faigenbaum","year":"2020","unstructured":"Faigenbaum AD, MacDonald JP, Stracciolini A, Rebullido TR. Making a strong case for prioritizing muscular fitness in youth physical activity guidelines. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2020;19:530\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/JSR.0000000000000784.","journal-title":"Curr Sports Med Rep"},{"key":"1789_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2018.1523672","volume":"37","author":"BJ Fraser","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fraser BJ, Blizzard L, Tomkinson GR, Lycett K, Wake M, Burgner D, et al. The great leap backward: changes in the jumping performance of Australian children aged 11\u201312-years between 1985 and 2015. J Sports Sci. 2019;37:748\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02640414.2018.1523672.","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"key":"1789_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.20592","volume":"19","author":"L Matton","year":"2007","unstructured":"Matton L, Duvigneaud N, Wijndaele K, Philippaerts R, Duquet W, Beunen G, et al. Secular trends in anthropometric characteristics, physical fitness, physical activity, and biological maturation in Flemish adolescents between 1969 and 2005. Am J Hum Biol. 2007;19:345\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajhb.20592.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Biol"},{"key":"1789_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199315060-00003","volume":"15","author":"DG Behm","year":"1993","unstructured":"Behm DG, Sale DG. Velocity specificity of resistance training. Sports Med. 1993;15:374\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00007256-199315060-00003.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"1789_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2009.068098","volume":"44","author":"AD Faigenbaum","year":"2010","unstructured":"Faigenbaum AD, Myer GD. Resistance training among young athletes: safety, efficacy and injury prevention effects. Br J Sports Med. 2010;44:56\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsm.2009.068098.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"1789_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-018-0926-0","volume":"48","author":"A Gebel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gebel A, Lesinski M, Behm DG, Granacher U. Effects and dose-response relationship of balance training on balance performance in youth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2018;48:2067\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-018-0926-0.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"1789_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1519\/SSC.0000000000000548","volume":"42","author":"A Gebel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gebel A, Prieske O, Behm DG, Granacher U. Effects of balance training on physical fitness in youth and young athletes: a narrative review. Strength Cond J. 2020;42:35\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/SSC.0000000000000548.","journal-title":"Strength Cond J"},{"key":"1789_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1271677","volume":"32","author":"U Granacher","year":"2011","unstructured":"Granacher U, Goesele A, Roggo K, Wischer T, Fischer S, Zuerny C, et al. Effects and mechanisms of strength training in children. Int J Sports Med. 2011;32:357\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0031-1271677.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"1789_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181da7886","volume":"25","author":"U Granacher","year":"2011","unstructured":"Granacher U, Muehlbauer T, Maestrini L, Zahner L, Gollhofer A. Can balance training promote balance and strength in prepubertal children? J Strength Cond Res. 2011;25:1759\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181da7886.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"1789_CR21","first-page":"885","volume":"14","author":"A Kibele","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kibele A, Granacher U, Muehlbauer T, Behm DG. Stable, unstable and metastable states of equilibrium: definitions and applications to human movement. J Sports Sci Med. 2015;14:885\u20137.","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Med"},{"key":"1789_CR22","first-page":"125","volume":"16","author":"M Chaouachi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chaouachi M, Granacher U, Makhlouf I, Hammami R, Behm DG, Chaouachi A. Within session sequence of balance and plyometric exercises does not affect training adaptations with youth soccer athletes. J Sports Sci Med. 2017;16:125\u201336.","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Med"},{"key":"1789_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3278","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001425","volume":"30","author":"R Hammami","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hammami R, Granacher U, Makhlouf I, Behm DG, Chaouachi A. Sequencing effects of balance and plyometric training on physical performance in youth soccer athletes. J Strength Cond Res. 2016;30:3278\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001425.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"1789_CR24","first-page":"226","volume":"7","author":"D Behm","year":"2012","unstructured":"Behm D, Colado JC. The effectiveness of resistance training using unstable surfaces and devices for rehabilitation. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2012;7:226\u201341.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"1789_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738113477815","volume":"5","author":"DG Behm","year":"2013","unstructured":"Behm DG, Colado JC. Instability resistance training across the exercise continuum. Sports Health. 2013;5:500\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1941738113477815.","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"key":"1789_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1395519","volume":"36","author":"U Granacher","year":"2015","unstructured":"Granacher U, Prieske O, Majewski M, B\u00fcsch D, Muehlbauer T. The role of instability with plyometric training in sub-elite adolescent soccer players. Int J Sports Med. 2015;36:386\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0034-1395519.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"1789_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2943","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-013-2724-6","volume":"113","author":"O Prieske","year":"2013","unstructured":"Prieske O, Muehlbauer T, Mueller S, Krueger T, Kibele A, Behm DG, Granacher U. Effects of surface instability on neuromuscular performance during drop jumps and landings. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2013;113:2943\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-013-2724-6.","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"1789_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-019-0131-y","author":"T Muehlbauer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Muehlbauer T, Wagner V, Brueckner D, Schedler S, Schwiertz G, Kiss R, Hagen M. Effects of a blocked versus an alternated sequence of balance and plyometric training on physical performance in youth soccer players. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13102-019-0131-y.","journal-title":"BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil"},{"key":"1789_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdr015","volume":"33","author":"R Armstrong","year":"2011","unstructured":"Armstrong R, Hall BJ, Doyle J, Waters E. Cochrane update. \u201cScoping the scope\u201d of a cochrane review. J Public Health. 2011;33:147\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pubmed\/fdr015.","journal-title":"J Public Health"},{"key":"1789_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-016-0116-4","volume":"16","author":"AC Tricco","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, O\u2019Brien K, Colquhoun H, Kastner M, et al. A scoping review on the conduct and reporting of scoping reviews. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2016;16:15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12874-016-0116-4.","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"1789_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g7647","volume":"350","author":"L Shamseer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shamseer L, Moher D, Clarke M, Ghersi D, Liberati A, Petticrew M, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015: elaboration and explanation. BMJ. 2015;350: g7647. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.g7647.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1789_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/83.8.713","volume":"83","author":"CG Maher","year":"2003","unstructured":"Maher CG, Sherrington C, Herbert RD, Moseley AM, Elkins M. Reliability of the PEDro scale for rating quality of randomized controlled trials. Phys Ther. 2003;83:713\u201321.","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"1789_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphys.2019.08.005","volume":"66","author":"AG Cashin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cashin AG, McAuley JH. Clinimetrics: physiotherapy evidence database (PEDro) scale. J Physiother. 2020;66:59. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jphys.2019.08.005.","journal-title":"J Physiother"},{"key":"1789_CR34","first-page":"548","volume":"69","author":"MH Ebell","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ebell MH, Siwek J, Weiss BD, Woolf SH, Susman J, Ewigman B, Bowman M. Strength of recommendation taxonomy (SORT): a patient-centered approach to grading evidence in the medical literature. Am Fam Physician. 2004;69:548\u201356.","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"1789_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orthtr.2015.07.007","volume":"31","author":"D B\u00fcsch","year":"2015","unstructured":"B\u00fcsch D, Pabst J, M\u00fchlbauer T, Ehrhardt P, Granacher U. Effects of plyometric training using unstable surfaces on jump and sprint performance in young sub-elite handball players. Sports Orthop Traumatol. 2015;31:299\u2013308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.orthtr.2015.07.007.","journal-title":"Sports Orthop Traumatol."},{"key":"1789_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-122337","volume":"38","author":"Y Negra","year":"2017","unstructured":"Negra Y, Chaabene H, Sammoud S, Bouguezzi R, Abbes MA, Hachana Y, Granacher U. Effects of plyometric training on physical fitness in prepuberal soccer athletes. Int J Sports Med. 2017;38:370\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0042-122337.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"1789_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3295","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002262","volume":"31","author":"Y Negra","year":"2017","unstructured":"Negra Y, Chaabene H, Sammoud S, Bouguezzi R, Mkaouer B, Hachana Y, Granacher U. Effects of plyometric training on components of physical fitness in prepuberal male soccer athletes: the role of surface instability. J Strength Cond Res. 2017;31:3295\u2013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002262.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"1789_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3182987059","volume":"28","author":"A Chaouachi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chaouachi A, Othman AB, Hammami R, Drinkwater EJ, Behm DG. The combination of plyometric and balance training improves sprint and shuttle run performances more often than plyometric-only training with children. J Strength Cond Res. 2014;28:401\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3182987059.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"1789_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002546","volume":"34","author":"I Bouteraa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bouteraa I, Negra Y, Shephard RJ, Chelly MS. Effects of combined balance and plyometric training on athletic performance in female basketball players. J Strength Cond Res. 2020;34:1967\u201373.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"1789_CR40","first-page":"1439","volume":"16","author":"H Chaabene","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chaabene H, Negra Y, Sammoud S, Moran J, Ramirez-Campillo R, Granacher U, Prieske O. The effects of combined balance and complex training versus complex training only on measures of physical fitness in young female handball players. Int J Sports Phys & Perf. 2021;16:1439\u201346.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Phys & Perf"},{"key":"1789_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01611","volume":"9","author":"I Makhlouf","year":"2018","unstructured":"Makhlouf I, Chaouachi A, Chaouachi M, Ben Othman A, Granacher U, Behm DG. Combination of agility and plyometric training provides similar training benefits as combined balance and plyometric training in young soccer players. Front Physiol. 2018;9:1611. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2018.01611.","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"1789_CR42","volume-title":"Fundamentals of equilibrium and steady-state thermodynamics","author":"NW Tschoegl","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tschoegl NW. Fundamentals of equilibrium and steady-state thermodynamics. 1st ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science; 2000.","edition":"1"},{"key":"1789_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215106004051","volume":"121","author":"VL Cumberworth","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cumberworth VL, Patel NN, Rogers W, Kenyon GS. The maturation of balance in children. J Laryngol Otol. 2007;121:449\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0022215106004051.","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"1789_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2020.1838620","volume":"21","author":"MB de Almeida","year":"2021","unstructured":"de Almeida MB, Leandro CG, da Queiroz DR, da Jos\u00e9 SM, dos Pess\u00f4aPrazeres TM, Pereira GM, et al. Plyometric training increases gross motor coordination and associated components of physical fitness in children. Eur J Sport Sci. 2021;21:1263\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17461391.2020.1838620.","journal-title":"Eur J Sport Sci."},{"key":"1789_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-020-00176-x","volume":"12","author":"M Hammami","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hammami M, Bragazzi NL, Hermassi S, Gaamouri N, Aouadi R, Shephard RJ, Chelly MS. The effect of a sand surface on physical performance responses of junior male handball players to plyometric training. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2020;12:26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13102-020-00176-x.","journal-title":"BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil"},{"key":"1789_CR46","first-page":"460","volume":"13","author":"JL Mat\u00e9-Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mat\u00e9-Mu\u00f1oz JL, Monroy AJA, Jodra Jim\u00e9nez P, Garnacho-Casta\u00f1o MV. Effects of instability versus traditional resistance training on strength, power and velocity in untrained men. J Sports Sci Med. 2014;13:460\u20138.","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Med"},{"key":"1789_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12548","volume":"26","author":"M Lesinski","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lesinski M, Prieske O, Demps M, Granacher U. Effects of fatigue and surface instability on neuromuscular performance during jumping. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2016;26:1140\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sms.12548.","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"1789_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.730945","volume":"12","author":"AK Ramachandran","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ramachandran AK, Singh U, Ramirez-Campillo R, Clemente FM, Afonso J, Granacher U. Effects of plyometric jump training on balance performance in healthy participants: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Front Physiol. 2021;12: 730945. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2021.730945.","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"1789_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210000579","volume":"136","author":"L Sundermier","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sundermier L, Woollacott M, Roncesvalles N, Jensen J. The development of balance control in children: comparisons of EMG and kinetic variables and chronological and developmental groupings. Exp Brain Res. 2001;136:340\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s002210000579.","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"1789_CR50","volume-title":"Motor control: translating research into clinical practice","author":"A Shumway-Cook","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shumway-Cook A, Woollacott MH. Motor control: translating research into clinical practice. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters; 2012.","edition":"4"},{"key":"1789_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1139\/h05-103","volume":"30","author":"K Anderson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Anderson K, Behm DG. Trunk muscle activity increases with unstable squat movements. Can J Appl Physiol. 2005;30:33\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/h05-103.","journal-title":"Can J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"1789_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1519\/R-20366.1","volume":"21","author":"N Hamlyn","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hamlyn N, Behm DG, Young WB. Trunk muscle activation during dynamic weight-training exercises and isometric instability activities. J Strength Cond Res. 2007;21:1108\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/R-20366.1.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"1789_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36413\/pjahs.0401.008","author":"KE Sosa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sosa KE, Devora K, Santiago RL, Abando ST, Chua SJ, de Leon RJ, et al. Muscle activation pattern of gluteus medius, tibialis anterior and peroneus longus during drop landing on different surfaces: a cross-sectional study. PJAHS. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36413\/pjahs.0401.008.","journal-title":"PJAHS"},{"key":"1789_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12732","volume":"27","author":"M Lesinski","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lesinski M, Prieske O, Beurskens R, Behm DG, Granacher U. Effects of drop height and surface instability on neuromuscular activation during drop jumps. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2017;27:1090\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sms.12732.","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"1789_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01027.2005","volume":"100","author":"L Malisoux","year":"2006","unstructured":"Malisoux L, Francaux M, Nielens H, Theisen D. Stretch-shortening cycle exercises: an effective training paradigm to enhance power output of human single muscle fibers. J Appl Physiol. 2006;100:771\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.01027.2005.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"1789_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1982.tb07024.x","volume":"114","author":"C Bosco","year":"1982","unstructured":"Bosco C, Viitasalo JT, Komi PV, Luhtanen P. Combined effect of elastic energy and myoelectrical potentiation during stretch-shortening cycle exercise. Acta Physiol Scand. 1982;114:557\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1982.tb07024.x.","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"1789_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.13.4.451","volume":"13","author":"PV Komi","year":"1997","unstructured":"Komi PV, Gollhofer A. Stretch reflexes can have an important role in force enhancement during SSC Exercise. J Appl Biomech. 1997;13:451\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/jab.13.4.451.","journal-title":"J Appl Biomech"},{"key":"1789_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3182606cc5","volume":"26","author":"JP McCarthy","year":"2012","unstructured":"McCarthy JP, Wood DS, Bolding MS, Roy JLP, Hunter GR. Potentiation of concentric force and acceleration only occurs early during the stretch-shortening cycle. J Strength Cond Res. 2012;26:2345\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3182606cc5.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"1789_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.01472","volume":"208","author":"CT Moritz","year":"2005","unstructured":"Moritz CT, Farley CT. Human hopping on very soft elastic surfaces: implications for muscle pre-stretch and elastic energy storage in locomotion. J Exp Biol. 2005;208:939\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jeb.01472.","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"1789_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2016.00164","author":"U Granacher","year":"2016","unstructured":"Granacher U, Lesinski M, Busch D, Muehlbauer T, Prieske O, Puta C, et al. Effects of resistance training in youth athletes on muscular fitness and athletic performance: a conceptual model for long-term athlete development. Front Physiol. 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2016.00164.","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"1789_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1139\/H08-020","volume":"33","author":"DG Behm","year":"2008","unstructured":"Behm DG, Faigenbaum AD, Falk B, Klentrou P. Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology position paper: resistance training in children and adolescents. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2008;33:547\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/H08-020.","journal-title":"Appl Physiol Nutr Metab"},{"key":"1789_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-865750","volume":"27","author":"S Bruhn","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bruhn S, Kullmann N, Gollhofer A. Combinatory effects of high-intensity-strength training and sensorimotor training on muscle strength. Int J Sports Med. 2006;27:401\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2005-865750.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"1789_CR63","first-page":"138","volume":"5","author":"CO Kean","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kean CO, Behm DG, Young WB. Fixed foot balance training increases rectus femoris activation during landing and jump height in recreationally active women. J Sports Sci Med. 2006;5:138\u201348.","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Med"},{"key":"1789_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1097\/JES.0b013e31824138da","volume":"40","author":"W Taube","year":"2012","unstructured":"Taube W, Leukel C, Gollhofer A. How neurons make us jump: the neural control of stretch-shortening cycle movements. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2012;40:106\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JES.0b013e31824138da.","journal-title":"Exerc Sport Sci Rev"}],"container-title":["Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40279-022-01789-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40279-022-01789-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40279-022-01789-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]],"date-time":"2023-01-25T22:31:17Z","timestamp":1674685877000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40279-022-01789-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["1789"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-022-01789-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0112-1642","1179-2035"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0112-1642","type":"print"},{"value":"1179-2035","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 October 2022","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 November 2022","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"UG and DGB were involved in the conceptualization of the study, literature search, data analysis, and the writing as well as revision of the manuscript. UG and DGB approved the final version of the manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Authors\u2019 Contributions"}},{"value":"Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. This review is part of the research project \u201cResistance Training in Youth Athletes\u201d that was funded by the German Federal Institute of Sport Science (ZMVI1-081901 14-18 and ZMVI4-081901\/20-23).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Funding"}},{"value":"All data supporting the findings of this review are available in this published article or as a supplement.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Availability of Data and Material"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Code Availability"}},{"value":"Urs Granacher and David G. Behm have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this scoping review.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of Interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":9,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}}]}}