{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T14:30:24Z","timestamp":1792161024591,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]],"date-time":"2023-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677715200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]],"date-time":"2023-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Aerobic exercise training (AET) prescribed as lipid management treatment positively affects the standard lipid profile and reduces cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Apolipoproteins, lipid and apolipoprotein ratios, and lipoprotein sub-fractions may more effectively predict CVD risk than the standard lipid profile but an AET response in these biomarkers has not been established.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We conducted a quantitative systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to (1) determine the effects of AET on lipoprotein sub-fractions, apolipoproteins and relevant ratios; and (2) identify study or intervention covariates associated with change in these biomarkers.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We searched PubMed, EMBASE, all Web of Science and EBSCO health and medical online databases from inception to 31 December 2021. We included published RCTs of adult humans with\u2009\u2265\u200910 per group of participants; an AET intervention duration\u2009\u2265\u00a012\u00a0weeks of at least moderate intensity (&gt;\u00a040% maximum oxygen consumption); and reporting pre\/post measurements. Non-sedentary subjects, or those with chronic disease other than Metabolic Syndrome factors, or pregnant\/lactating, as well as trials testing diet\/medications, or resistance\/isometric\/unconventional training interventions, were excluded.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Fifty-seven RCTs totalling 3194 participants were analysed. Multivariate meta-analysis showed AET significantly raised antiatherogenic apolipoproteins and lipoprotein sub-fractions (mmol\/L mean difference (MD) 0.047 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.011, 0.082), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.01); lowered atherogenic apoliproteins and lipoprotein sub-fractions (mmol\/L MD \u2212\u00a00.08 (95% CI \u2212\u00a00.161, 0.0003), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.05); and improved atherogenic lipid ratios (MD \u2212\u00a00.201 (95% CI \u2212\u00a00.291, \u2212\u00a00.111), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.0001). Multivariate meta-regression showed intervention variables contributed to change in lipid, sub-fraction, and apoliprotein ratios.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Aerobic exercise training positively impacts atherogenic lipid and apolipoprotein ratios, alipoproteins, and lipoprotein sub-fractions; and antiatherogenic apolipoproteins and lipoprotein sub-fractions. Cardiovascular disease risk predicted by these biomarkers may be lowered when AET is prescribed as treatment or prevention.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>PROSPERO ID<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>CRD42020151925.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-023-01817-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]],"date-time":"2023-03-02T09:05:06Z","timestamp":1677747906000},"page":"871-886","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Estimating the Effect of Aerobic Exercise Training on Novel Lipid Biomarkers: A Systematic Review and Multivariate Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5096-4989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gina","family":"Wood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8450-1125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7285-3916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3841-2305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Murrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8215-5759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aditya","family":"Patil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3507-1178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom","family":"van der Touw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9390-1590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitch","family":"Wolden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5881-2296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nick","family":"Andronicos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8290-6409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neil A.","family":"Smart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"1817_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00097","author":"NG Norwitz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Norwitz NG, Loh V. 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Gina Wood was supported by an Australian Government Research Training Program (RTP) Scholarship. This work received no other financial support and has no relationship to industry.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Funding"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest relevant to the content of this review and take responsibility for all aspects of the reliability and freedom from bias of the data presented and their discussed interpretation.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"This systematic review and meta-analysis was designed by GW and NS. GW, ET, AP, and VN conducted literature searches and selected articles for inclusion. All authors either extracted or checked extracted data. GW wrote the manuscript. All authors revised the manuscript, and read and approved the final version.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Author contributions"}},{"value":"The authors report that no data privacy statement, no data sharing statement, and no data consent statement are applicable to this systematic review.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Data privacy, sharing and consent"}},{"value":"The authors report that no ethics approval is applicable to this systematic review.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The authors report that no code availability statement is applicable to this systematic review.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Code availability"}},{"value":"The authors report that no participant consent statement is applicable to this systematic review.","order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Participant consent"}},{"value":"Data are available on request.","order":9,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Data availability"}}]}}