{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T20:48:56Z","timestamp":1778791736673,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]],"date-time":"2024-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714435200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]],"date-time":"2024-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The consensus criteria for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES), the possible in vivo clinical syndrome associated with significant repetitive head impacts, have only been minimally studied to date. This study examined the prevalence of the proposed core clinical features of TES in a sample of healthy adults.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A cross-sectional survey study was conducted through ResearchMatch, a national health volunteer registry. Participants were assessed for symptoms of TES based on the 2021 consensus criteria, including prior repetitive head impacts and core clinical features. Additional health information (e.g., concussion history, psychological health, sleep, chronic pain) was also evaluated. The consensus proposed research criteria for TES (i.e., reporting at least one progressive core clinical feature of TES, as in progressive difficulties with episodic memory, executive functioning, or neurobehavioral dysregulation) were applied to the sample.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Out of 1100 participants (average age\u2009=\u200953.6\u2009\u00b1\u200917.7 years, 55% women), 34.6% endorsed one or more progressive core clinical features of TES. Participants with a significant history of contact sports (i.e.,\u2009\u2265\u20095 years total, with\u2009\u2265\u20092 years in high school or beyond) had similar rates of endorsing a progressive core clinical feature of TES compared to those without significant histories of repetitive head impacts (36.4% vs 32.8%, respectively, <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.52, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.47). A significant history of repetitive head impacts in sports was not associated with endorsing a core clinical feature of TES in univariable or multivariable models (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.47), whereas current depression\/anxiety (odds ratio [OR]\u2009=\u20096.94), a history of psychiatric disorders (OR\u2009=\u20092.57), current sleep problems (OR\u2009=\u20091.56), and younger age (OR\u2009=\u20090.99) were significant predictors of TES status in a multivariable model. In a subsample of 541 participants who denied a lifetime history of contact sports, other forms of repetitive head impacts, and concussions, approximately 31.0% endorsed one or more progressive core clinical features of TES. Additionally, 73.5% of neurotrauma-na\u00efve participants with current anxiety or depression reported at least one core progressive feature of TES, compared with 20.2% of those without clinically significant depression\/anxiety symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A considerable proportion of adults without a significant history of repetitive head impacts from sports endorsed core TES features, particularly those experiencing mental health symptoms. Having a significant history of contact sports was not associated with endorsing a core progressive clinical feature of TES, whereas other health factors were. These findings underscore the need for validating and refining TES criteria in samples with and without substantial neurotrauma histories.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-024-02029-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]],"date-time":"2024-04-30T08:02:12Z","timestamp":1714464132000},"page":"2453-2465","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Symptoms of Traumatic Encephalopathy Syndrome are Common in Community-Dwelling Adults"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1707-3225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Douglas P.","family":"Terry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony E.","family":"Bishay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grant H.","family":"Rigney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristen","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Jo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott L.","family":"Zuckerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2029_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.8334","volume":"318","author":"J Mez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mez J, Daneshvar DH, Kiernan PT, et al. 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He previously consulted for REACT Neuro, Inc. He has a consulting practice in forensic neuropsychology, including expert testimony, involving individuals who have sustained mild traumatic brain injuries (including former athletes). He receives grant funding from Amgen, Inc. and Football Research, Inc. Scott Zuckerman is a member of the NFL Head, Neck, and Spine Committee. Anthony E. Bishay, Grant H. Rigney, Kristen Williams, Philip Davis, and Jacob Jo have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this article.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest\/competing interests"}},{"value":"International review board approval was obtained (VUMC IRB #230651) and this study was performed in accordance with the standards of ethics outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Data are available to qualified investigators on reasonable request.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Availability of data and material"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Code availability"}},{"value":"DPT made substantial contributions to the conception and design of the study, data analysis and interpretation, critical revision of the work, and final approval of the manuscript. AB made substantial contributions to data analysis and interpretation and drafting and critical revision of the manuscript. GR made substantial contributions to data analysis and interpretation and drafting and critical revision of the manuscript. KW made substantial contributions to data acquisition and interpretation and critical revision of the manuscript. PD made substantial contributions to data interpretation, drafting, and critical revision of the manuscript. JJ made substantial contributions to data analysis and interpretation and drafting and critical revision of the manuscript. SLZ made substantial contributions to the conception and design of the study, data analysis and interpretation, critical revision of the work, and final approval of the manuscript. All authors listed above agree to be accountable for all aspects of their work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.","order":9,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Authors\u2019 contributions"}}]}}