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Head peak resultant linear acceleration (PLA) and peak resultant angular acceleration (PAA) were extracted from each HAE. Mean incidence and propensity values were calculated across different recording thresholds for forwards and backs in addition to positional groups (front row, second row, back row, half backs, centres, back three) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) estimated. Significance was determined based on 95% CI not overlapping across recording thresholds.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>For both men and women, HAE incidence was twice as high for forwards than backs across the majority of recording thresholds. HAE incidence and propensity were significantly lower in the women\u2019s game compared to the men\u2019s game. Back-row and front-row players had the highest incidence across all HAE thresholds for men\u2019s forwards, while women\u2019s forward positional groups and men\u2019s and women\u2019s back positional groups were similar. Tackles and carries exhibited a greater propensity to result in HAE for forward positional groups and the back three in the men\u2019s game, and back row in the women\u2019s game.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>These data offer valuable benchmark and comparative data for future research, HAE mitigation strategies, and management of HAE exposure in elite rugby players. Positional-specific differences in HAE incidence and propensity should be considered in future mitigation strategies.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-024-02064-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]],"date-time":"2024-06-26T11:01:32Z","timestamp":1719399692000},"page":"2685-2696","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The Incidence and Propensity of Head Acceleration Events in a Season of Men\u2019s and Women\u2019s English Elite-Level Club Rugby Union Matches"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3527-842X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Allan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Tooby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay","family":"Starling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ross","family":"Tucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c9anna","family":"Falvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Salmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Hudson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith","family":"Stokes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Kemp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"O\u2019Halloran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matt","family":"Cross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Tierney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2064_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14763141.2021.2016929","author":"G Tierney","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tierney G. 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K.S. has received research funding from World Rugby. L.S., R.T., E.F., D.S. and J.B. are employed by or contracted as consultants to World Rugby. G.T. previously conducted consultancy work for World Rugby. K.S. and S.K. are employed by the Rugby Football Union. S.H. receives funding for his PhD studies from the Rugby Football Union and Premiership Rugby. B.J. is a consultant with Premiership Rugby and the Rugby Football League. M.C. is employed by Premiership Rugby and was previously employed by the Rugby Football Union. P.O.H. has previously been contracted by the Rugby Football Union and is employed by Marker Diagnostics UK Ltd, a company developing salivary biomarker testing for sport related concussion. D.A. and J.T. declare they have no conflicts of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Anonymised data available upon reasonable request.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Data sharing"}},{"value":"This project was approved by the University\u2019s Research Ethics Committee, University of Ulster (#REC-21-0061). This study was performed in accordance with the standards of ethics outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"All participants provided written consent.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Patients and\/or the public were not involved in the design, conduct, reporting, or dissemination plans of this research.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Patient and public involvement"}},{"value":"D.A., L.S., R.T., E.F. and G.T. conceptualised the research project. All authors were involved in design and data collection for the study. D.A., J.T., L.S., R.T., E.F. and G.T. were responsible for the analysis and interpretation of the results. D.A. and G.T. drafted the manuscript. All authors critically reviewed and edited the manuscript prior to submission.","order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Author contributions"}}]}}