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These connections are fundamental to the art and science of coaching.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>By using successful Norwegian endurance coaches as key informants, the aim of this study is to describe and compare best practice session models across different exercise intensities in Olympic endurance sports.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data collection was based on a four-step pragmatic qualitative study design, involving questionnaires, training logs from successful athletes, and in-depth and semi-structured interviews, followed by negotiation among researchers and coaches to assure our interpretations. Twelve successful and experienced male Norwegian coaches from biathlon, cross-country skiing, long-distance running, road cycling, rowing, speed skating, swimming, and triathlon were chosen as key informants. They had been responsible for the training of world-class endurance athletes who altogether have won &gt;\u2009370 medals in international championships.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The duration of low-intensity training (LIT) sessions ranges from 30\u00a0min to 7\u00a0h across sports, mainly due to modality-specific constraints and load tolerance considerations. Cross-training accounts for a considerable part of LIT sessions in several sports. Moderate (MIT)- and high-intensity training (HIT) sessions are mainly conducted as intervals in specific modalities, but competitions also account for a large proportion of annual HIT in most sports. Interval sessions are characterized by a high accumulated volume, a progressive increase in intensity throughout the session, and a controlled, rather than exhaustive, execution approach. A clear trend towards shorter intervals and lower work: rest ratio with increasing intensity was observed. Overall, the analyzed sports implement considerably more MIT than HIT sessions across the annual cycle.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides novel insights on quantitative and qualitative aspects of training session models across intensities employed by successful athletes in Olympic endurance sports. The interval training sessions revealed in this study are generally more voluminous, more controlled, and less exhaustive than most previous recommendations outlined in research literature.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-024-02067-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T00:01:49Z","timestamp":1721088109000},"page":"2935-2953","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Training Session Models in Endurance Sports: A Norwegian Perspective on Best Practice Recommendations"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Espen","family":"T\u00f8nnessen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d8yvind","family":"Sandbakk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvana Bucher","family":"Sandbakk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Seiler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5929-0389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Haugen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2067_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1600-0838.2003.370.x","volume":"14","author":"A Fiskerstrand","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fiskerstrand A, Seiler KS. 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To protect the anonymity of the key informants, as well as their athletes, the transcribed interviews cannot be made publicly available.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Availability of Data and Materials"}},{"value":"The study followed the institutional requirements and was pre-approved by the Norwegian Centre for Research Data (reference #605672).","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval"}},{"value":"Prior to the study, the coaches provided a written informed consent to participate.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"All respondents approved the submitted version of the manuscript for publication.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Code Availability"}},{"value":"All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Espen T\u00f8nnessen and \u00d8yvind Sandbakk. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Thomas Haugen and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. As the authors of this study, we assert that our background provides a high level of expertise and experience in both scientific research and coaching practice arenas, enhancing the qualitative interpretation of these data. Our experience spans over 30\u00a0years, during which we have closely collaborated with world-class endurance coaches and athletes, both within the Norwegian Olympic Federation (Olympiatoppen) and various national sports federations. This hands-on involvement includes conducting training analyses alongside coaches, actively participating in training camps, and closely observing the day-to-day practices of top athletes. Additionally, many of us were involved in the development of Olympiatoppen's training diary, intensity scale, and test protocols \u2013 all crucial tools in athlete performance tracking. Moreover, we have published more than 150 articles in the field of endurance sports, demonstrating our in-depth understanding of the subject. We contend that this experience uniquely qualifies us to collect and interpret the data presented here.","order":9,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Author Contributions"}}]}}