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Instrumented mouthguards (iMGs) play a vital role in gathering comprehensive data on head acceleration events (HAEs), including their frequency, magnitude, and spatial distribution during games and training. By doing so, iMGs offer valuable context for circumstances in women's matches that may increase player risk.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The study aimed to contextualize HAEs in female community rugby players using instrumented mouthguards and video review.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This prospective, observational cohort study involved 332 female rugby players across 38 matches and 80 training sessions during the 2021\/2022 seasons. Players were representative of four playing grades: U13 (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20099), U15 (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009111), U19 (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200995) and Premier women (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009115). HAEs were recorded using boil-and-bite iMGs, with a single-axis recording threshold of 5\u00a0g. The incidence and prevalence of HAEs was expressed by grade, years of experience, playing positions, and session types (match or training). The effect of playing grade and previous playing experience on HAE propensity during tackles and rucks was also examined.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Throughout the study, 9151 iMG events over 5\u00a0g were recorded, with 80% verified for analysis. Overall, the incidence rate (IR) was highest for HAEs between 10 and 29\u00a0g, 12\u201318\u00a0times higher than the IR for\u2009&gt;\u200930-g events. Premier grade players had the highest weekly HAE load (26.2 per player per week) and the highest prevalence of players (49%) exposed to events over 30\u00a0g. An inverse relationship was found between years of rugby experience and peak angular acceleration (PAA) in U13\u2013U19 players (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002, 95% CI [47,177 rads\/s<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>]), showing that more experienced school-age players had lower rotational acceleration during HAEs. However, propensity for HAEs in tackle events was highest in Premier players with\u2009&gt;\u20099\u00a0years of experience compared with U13\u2013U19 grade players with similar years of experience (RR\u2009=\u20091.21, 95% CI 1.06\u20131.37; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004). Ball carries consistently resulted in the highest propensity of events over 30\u00a0g, regardless of playing grade or experience.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This research presents unique information regarding head accelerations that occur during women\u2019s community rugby matches and practices. The results have significant implications for recognising populations that are at the highest risk of experiencing high cumulative and acute head accelerations. The findings may assist in managing training loads and instructing skill execution in high-risk activities, particularly for younger players who are new to the sport.<\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>Consideration of playing grade, experience, and contact phases is crucial for understanding head acceleration exposure and injury risk in female rugby players. These insights can inform injury prevention strategies.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-024-02111-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T12:04:29Z","timestamp":1725537869000},"page":"499-512","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Assessing Head Acceleration Events in Female Community Rugby Union Players: A Cohort Study Using Instrumented Mouthguards"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5746-3861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melanie D.","family":"Bussey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Salmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bridie","family":"Nanai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janelle","family":"Romanchuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raul M.","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darryl","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gisela","family":"Sole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ross","family":"Tucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c9anna","family":"Falvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"2111_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5475","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20085475","volume":"20","author":"N Brown","year":"2023","unstructured":"Brown N, Williams GKR, Stodter A, McNarry MA, Roldan-Reoyo O, Mackintosh KA, et al. 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Br J Sports Med. 2024;58:34\u201341.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"}],"container-title":["Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40279-024-02111-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40279-024-02111-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40279-024-02111-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,30]],"date-time":"2025-03-30T01:54:03Z","timestamp":1743299643000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40279-024-02111-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["2111"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-024-02111-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0112-1642","1179-2035"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0112-1642","type":"print"},{"value":"1179-2035","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 August 2024","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 September 2024","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"World Rugby funded this project.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Funding"}},{"value":"MDB has received research funding from World Rugby. JR is currently employed by New Zealand Rugby. RT is a consultant for World Rugby. DS was employed by New Zealand Rugby at the time of the study, received research funding from World Rugby, and is currently employed by World Rugby. EF is a consultant for World Rugby. BN currently works for Prevent Biometrics but was employed as a research assistant for the University of Otago at the time of the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}},{"value":"The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. This study involved human participants and was approved by the University of Otago Human Ethics Committee ID:H21_056UOHEC (Health) ID H21_056.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all players, legal guardian consent was also obtained from players under the age of 16\u00a0years.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Patients and\/or the public were not involved in the design, conduct, reporting, or dissemination of this research.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Patient and Public Involvement"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"Data are available on reasonable request to the corresponding author.","order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Data Availability Statement"}},{"value":"Custom codes for data processing are hosted on GitHub and can be shared upon request after all manuscripts have been accepted for publication.","order":9,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Code Availability"}},{"value":"MDB, DS, RT, and EF conceived and planned the study. DS, JR, GS, and MDB oversaw and carried out data collection in the field. DT oversaw the iMG fitting. MDB, RMG, BN, and JR oversaw the data cleaning and processing. MDB and RMG wrote the custom codes for data processing and synchronising events and completed the data analysis. MDB took lead in writing the manuscript. All authors provided critical feedback and helped shape the final manuscript submission.","order":10,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Author Contributions"}}]}}