{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T08:52:38Z","timestamp":1750927958383,"version":"3.30.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-024-02116-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T14:04:43Z","timestamp":1727791483000},"page":"2979-2991","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Psychological Assessment and Intervention at the Boston Marathon"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Jeffrey L.","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Raeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Troyanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. Sophia","family":"Dyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2116_CR1","unstructured":"Boston Athletic Association. https:\/\/www.baa.org."},{"key":"2116_CR2","unstructured":"Certified Road Events: Certified Road Races. World athletics. The Principality of Monaco. https:\/\/worldathletics.org\/records\/certified-roadevents."},{"key":"2116_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0184024","author":"PB Maffetone","year":"2017","unstructured":"Maffetone PB, Malcata R, Rivera I, Laursen PB. The Boston Marathon versus the world marathon majors. Weber CR, ed. PLoS ONE. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0184024.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"21","key":"2116_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1056\/nejm200005253422107","volume":"342","author":"HJ Adrogu\u00e9","year":"2000","unstructured":"Adrogu\u00e9 HJ, Madias NE. Hyponatremia. N Engl J Med. 2000;342(21):1581\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejm200005253422107.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2116_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.11176","author":"HJ Adrogu\u00e9","year":"2022","unstructured":"Adrogu\u00e9 HJ, Tucker BM, Madias NE. Diagnosis and management of hyponatremia. JAMA. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2022.11176.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"2116_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2009.03.004","volume":"29","author":"A Upadhyay","year":"2009","unstructured":"Upadhyay A, Jaber BL, Madias NE. Epidemiology of hyponatremia. Semin Nephrol. 2009;29(3):227\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2009.03.004.","journal-title":"Semin Nephrol"},{"issue":"15","key":"2116_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa043901","volume":"352","author":"CSD Almond","year":"2005","unstructured":"Almond CSD, Shin AY, Fortescue EB. Hyponatremia among runners in the Boston Marathon. N Engl J Med. 2005;352(15):1550\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejmoa043901.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2116_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1309\/ajcp30oglslwleiy","volume":"132","author":"AJ Siegel","year":"2009","unstructured":"Siegel AJ, d\u2019Hemecourt P, Adner MM, Shirey T, Brown JL, Lewandrowski KB. Exertional dysnatremia in collapsed marathon runners. Am J Clin Pathol. 2009;132(3):336\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1309\/ajcp30oglslwleiy.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2116_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3182(81)73103-7","volume":"22","author":"MM Gehi","year":"1981","unstructured":"Gehi MM, Rosenthal RH, Fizette NB, Crowe LR, Webb WL. Psychiatric manifestations of hyponatremia. Psychosomatics. 1981;22(9):739\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0033-3182(81)73103-7.","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"2116_CR10","volume-title":"The Runner\u2019s brain: how to think smarter to run better","author":"J Brown","year":"2015","unstructured":"Brown J, Neporent L. The Runner\u2019s brain: how to think smarter to run better. Rodale; 2015."},{"key":"2116_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17218059","author":"F Oswald","year":"2020","unstructured":"Oswald F, Campbell J, Williamson C, Richards J, Kelly P. A scoping review of the relationship between running and mental health. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17218059.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2116_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2018.04.004","volume":"37","author":"GS Roebuck","year":"2018","unstructured":"Roebuck GS, Fitzgerald PB, Urquhart DM, Ng SK, Cicuttini FM, Fitzgibbon BM. The psychology of ultra-marathon runners: a systematic review. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2018;37:43\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychsport.2018.04.004.","journal-title":"Psychol Sport Exerc"},{"issue":"1","key":"2116_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318279a10a","volume":"45","author":"R Meeusen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Meeusen R, Duclos M, Foster C, et al. Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of the overtraining syndrome: Joint Consensus Statement of the European College of Sport Science and the American College of Sports Medicine. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2013;45(1):186\u2013205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318279a10a.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"4","key":"2116_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200737040-00034","volume":"37","author":"JS Raglin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Raglin JS. The psychology of the marathoner: of one mind and many. Sports Med. 2007;37(4):404\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00007256-200737040-00034.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2116_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.111.095976","volume":"200","author":"L Hughes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hughes L, Leavey G. Setting the bar: athletes and vulnerability to mental illness. Br J Psychiatry. 2012;200(2):95\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.bp.111.095976.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2116_CR16","unstructured":"Morgan WP. Psychological factors associated with distance running and the marathon. In: Pedoe DT, editor. British Heart Foundation. Marathon medicine. Royal Society OF Medicine Press; 2000."},{"issue":"9","key":"2116_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-016-0492-2","volume":"46","author":"SM Rice","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rice SM, Purcell R, Silva S, Mawren D, McGorry PD, Parker AG. The mental health of elite athletes: a narrative systematic review. Sports Med. 2016;46(9):1333\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-016-0492-2.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2116_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22077","volume":"30","author":"J Sareen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sareen J, Erickson J, Medved MI. Risk factors for post-injury mental health problems. Depress Anxiety. 2013;30(4):321\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/da.22077.","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"issue":"10","key":"2116_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-023-01890-5","volume":"53","author":"M Thuany","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thuany M, Viljoen C, Gomes TN, Knechtle B, Scheer V. Mental health in ultra-endurance runners: a systematic review. Sports Med. 2023;53(10):1891\u2013904. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-023-01890-5.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"2116_CR20","unstructured":"Brown JL, Meister BS. Among Boston\u2019s first responders. Interview by Rebecca A Clay, vol. 44. Monitor on psychology, American Psychological Association; 2013. https:\/\/www.apa.org\/monitor\/2013\/07-08\/first-responders."},{"issue":"7","key":"2116_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12039","volume":"13","author":"W Freund","year":"2013","unstructured":"Freund W, Weber F, Billich C, Birklein F, Breimhorst M, Schuetz UH. Ultra-marathon runners are different: investigations into pain tolerance and personality traits of participants of the TransEurope FootRace 2009. Pain Pract. 2013;13(7):524\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/papr.12039.","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"2116_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200737040-00043","volume":"37","author":"M Fredericson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fredericson M, Misra AK. Epidemiology and aetiology of marathon running injuries. Sports Med. 2007;37(4):437\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00007256-200737040-00043.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2116_CR23","first-page":"316","volume":"30","author":"DC Nieman","year":"1990","unstructured":"Nieman DC, Johanssen LM, Lee JW, Arabatzis K. Infectious episodes in runners before and after the Los Angeles marathon. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 1990;30(3):316\u201328.","journal-title":"J Sports Med Phys Fitness"},{"issue":"4","key":"2116_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200737040-00035","volume":"37","author":"PJ O\u2019Connor","year":"2007","unstructured":"O\u2019Connor PJ. Monitoring and titrating symptoms. Sports Med. 2007;37(4):408\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00007256-200737040-00035.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"2116_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2012.660505","author":"M Lastella","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lastella M, Lovell GP, Sargent C. Athletes\u2019 precompetitive sleep behaviour and its relationship with subsequent precompetitive mood and performance. Eur J Sport Sci. 2012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17461391.2012.660505.","journal-title":"Eur J Sport Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2116_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1123\/tsp.15.1.66","volume":"15","author":"J Hammermeister","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hammermeister J, Stress BD. Appraisal, and coping revisited: examining the antecedents of competitive state anxiety with endurance athletes. Sport Psychol. 2001;15(1):66\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/tsp.15.1.66.","journal-title":"Sport Psychol"},{"issue":"05","key":"2116_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-972855","volume":"17","author":"Y Odagiri","year":"1996","unstructured":"Odagiri Y, Shimomitsu T, Iwane H, Katsumura T. Relationships between exhaustive mood state and changes in stress hormones following an ultraendurance Race. Int J Sports Med. 1996;17(05):325\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2007-972855.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2116_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-16250","volume":"22","author":"G Kentt\u00e4","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kentt\u00e4 G, Hassm\u00e9n P, Raglin JS. Training practices and overtraining syndrome in Swedish age-group athletes. Int J Sports Med. 2001;22(6):460\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2001-16250.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2116_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1159\/000180628","volume":"25","author":"NJ Cook","year":"1987","unstructured":"Cook NJ, Ng A, Read GF, Harris B, Riad-Fahmy D. Salivary cortisol for monitoring adrenal activity during marathon runs. Horm Res. 1987;25(1):18\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000180628.","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"2116_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03345606","volume":"31","author":"EE Hill","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hill EE, Zack E, Battaglini C, Viru M, Viru A, Hackney AC. Exercise and circulating cortisol levels: the intensity threshold effect. J Endocrinol Invest. 2008;31(7):587\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF03345606.","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"21","key":"2116_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198705213162105","volume":"316","author":"A Luger","year":"1987","unstructured":"Luger A, Deuster PA, Kyle SB. Acute hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal responses to the stress of treadmill exercise. Physiologic adaptations to physical training. N Engl J Med. 1987;316(21):1309\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM198705213162105.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"2116_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1007\/bf02332217","volume":"58","author":"RR Kraemer","year":"1989","unstructured":"Kraemer RR, Blair S, Kraemer GR, Castracane VD. Effects of treadmill running on plasma beta-endorphin, corticotropin, and cortisol levels in male and female 10K runners. Eur J Appl Physiol. 1989;58(8):845\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf02332217.","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2116_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1984.57.3.640","volume":"57","author":"K Tanaka","year":"1984","unstructured":"Tanaka K, Matsuura Y. Marathon performance, anaerobic threshold, and onset of blood lactate accumulation. J Appl Physiol. 1984;57(3):640\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1984.57.3.640.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"01","key":"2116_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1034579","volume":"02","author":"B Sj\u00f6din","year":"1981","unstructured":"Sj\u00f6din B, Jacobs I. Onset of blood lactate accumulation and marathon running performance. Int J Sports Med. 1981;02(01):23\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2008-1034579.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2116_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.055053","volume":"554","author":"MK Dalsgaard","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dalsgaard MK, Quistorff B, Danielsen ER, Selmer C, Vogelsang T, Secher NH. A reduced cerebral metabolic ratio in exercise reflects metabolism and not accumulation of lactate within the human brain. J Physiol. 2004;554(2):571\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.055053.","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2116_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1113\/jp274660","volume":"596","author":"JP Coxon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Coxon JP, Cash RFH, Hendrikse JJ. GABA concentration in sensorimotor cortex following high-intensity exercise and relationship to lactate levels. J Physiol. 2017;596(4):691\u2013702. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jp274660.","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2116_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2449","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.3455-15.2016","volume":"36","author":"RJ Maddock","year":"2016","unstructured":"Maddock RJ, Casazza GA, Fernandez DH, Maddock MI. Acute modulation of cortical glutamate and GABA content by physical activity. J Neurosci. 2016;36(8):2449\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/jneurosci.3455-15.2016.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"2116_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1530\/eje-08-0064","volume":"159","author":"T Hew-Butler","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hew-Butler T, Noakes TD, Soldin SJ, Verbalis JG. Acute changes in endocrine and fluid balance markers during high-intensity, steady-state, and prolonged endurance running: unexpected increases in oxytocin and brain natriuretic peptide during exercise. Eur J Endocrinol. 2008;159(6):729\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/eje-08-0064.","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2116_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10738584211069981","author":"M Siebers","year":"2022","unstructured":"Siebers M, Biedermann SV, Fuss J. Do endocannabinoids cause the runner\u2019s high? Evidence and open questions. Neuroscientist. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10738584211069981. (Published online).","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"issue":"42","key":"2116_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13105","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1514996112","volume":"112","author":"J Fuss","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fuss J, Steinle J, Bindila L. A runner\u2019s high depends on cannabinoid receptors in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2015;112(42):13105\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1514996112.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2116_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1995.tb03405.x","volume":"32","author":"JL Harte","year":"1995","unstructured":"Harte JL, Eifert GH. The effects of running, environment, and attentional focus on athletes? catecholamine and cortisol levels and mood. Psychophysiology. 1995;32(1):49\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1995.tb03405.x.","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2116_CR42","first-page":"321","volume":"114","author":"ML Devalon","year":"1989","unstructured":"Devalon ML, Miller TD, Squires RW, Rogers PJ, Bove AA, Tyce GM. Dopa in plasma increases during acute exercise and after exercise training. J Lab Clin Med. 1989;114(3):321\u20137.","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2116_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.3233\/bpl-160040","volume":"2","author":"JC Basso","year":"2017","unstructured":"Basso JC, Suzuki WA. The effects of acute exercise on mood, cognition, neurophysiology, and neurochemical pathways: a review. Brain Plast. 2017;2(2):127\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/bpl-160040.","journal-title":"Brain Plast"},{"key":"2116_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11332-022-01030-y","author":"P Bhattacharya","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bhattacharya P, Chatterjee S, Roy D. Impact of exercise on brain neurochemicals: a comprehensive review. Sport Sci Health. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11332-022-01030-y. (Published online).","journal-title":"Sport Sci Health"},{"key":"2116_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app10062067","author":"J Chmura","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chmura J, Chmura P, Konefa\u0142 M. The effects of a marathon effort on psychomotor performance and catecholamine concentration in runners over 50 years of age. Appl Sci. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app10062067.","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2116_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00846027","volume":"60","author":"M Sagnol","year":"1990","unstructured":"Sagnol M, Claustre J, Cottet-Emard JM, et al. Plasma free and sulphated catecholamines after ultra-long exercise and recovery. Eur J Appl Physiol. 1990;60(2):91\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00846027.","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2116_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.91324.2008","volume":"106","author":"SM Marcora","year":"2009","unstructured":"Marcora SM, Staiano W, Manning V. Mental fatigue impairs physical performance in humans. J Appl Physiol. 2009;106(3):857\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.91324.2008.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2116_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1080\/026404100365090","volume":"18","author":"AM Pensgaard","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pensgaard AM, Roberts GC. The relationship between motivational climate, perceived ability and sources of distress among elite athletes. J Sports Sci. 2000;18(3):191\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/026404100365090.","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2116_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.1998.tb00190.x","volume":"8","author":"AM Pensgaard","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pensgaard AM, Ursin H. Stress, control, and coping in elite athletes. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2007;8(3):183\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0838.1998.tb00190.x.","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"issue":"3","key":"2116_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.32.3.229","volume":"32","author":"CD Stevinson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Stevinson CD, Biddle SJ. Cognitive orientations in marathon running and \u201chitting the wall. Br J Sports Med. 1998;32(3):229\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsm.32.3.229.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"2116_CR51","volume-title":"Physiology, psychology, nutrition and training aspects","author":"C Zepp","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zepp C. Coping with stress during a marathon. In: Zinner C, Running SBM, editors. Physiology, psychology, nutrition and training aspects. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016."},{"issue":"6","key":"2116_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658901700608","volume":"17","author":"PB Nelson","year":"1989","unstructured":"Nelson PB, Ellis D, Fu F, Bloom MD, O\u2019Malley J. Fluid and electrolyte balance during a cool weather marathon. Am J Sports Med. 1989;17(6):770\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/036354658901700608.","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2116_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1080\/10413200802078267","volume":"20","author":"MP Buman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Buman MP, Omli JW, Giacobbi PR, Brewer BW. Experiences and coping responses of \u201chitting the wall\u201d for recreational marathon runners. J Appl Sport Psychol. 2008;20(3):282\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10413200802078267.","journal-title":"J Appl Sport Psychol"},{"key":"2116_CR54","first-page":"148","volume":"27","author":"JJ Hammermeister","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hammermeister JJ, Burton D. Gender differences in coping with endurance sport stress: are men from mars and women from Venus? J Sport Behav. 2004;27:148.","journal-title":"J Sport Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"2116_CR55","first-page":"82","volume":"12","author":"BW Brewer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Brewer BW, Buman MP. Attentional focus and endurance performance: review and theoretical integration. Kinesiol Slov. 2006;12(2):82\u201397.","journal-title":"Kinesiol Slov"},{"issue":"2","key":"2116_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2007.03.003","volume":"9","author":"MP Buman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Buman MP, Brewer BW, Cornelius AE, Raalte JL, Petitpas AJ. Hitting the wall in the marathon: phenomenological characteristics and associations with expectancy, gender, and running history. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2008;9(2):177\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychsport.2007.03.003.","journal-title":"Psychol Sport Exerc"},{"issue":"1","key":"2116_CR57","first-page":"1","volume":"43","author":"M Kaiseler","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kaiseler M, Polman RC, Nicholls AR. Gender differences in appraisal and coping: an examination of the situational and dispositional hypothesis. Int J Sport Psychol. 2012;43(1):1.","journal-title":"Int J Sport Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2116_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2010.551410","volume":"12","author":"M Kaiseler","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kaiseler M, Polman RCJ, Nicholls AR. Effects of the Big Five personality dimensions on appraisal coping, and coping effectiveness in sport. Eur J Sport Sci. 2012;12(1):62\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17461391.2010.551410.","journal-title":"Eur J Sport Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2116_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1123\/tsp.13.2.235","volume":"13","author":"CD Stevinson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Stevinson CD, Biddle SJH. Cognitive strategies in running: a response to Masters and Ogles (1998). Sport Psychol. 1999;13(2):235\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/tsp.13.2.235.","journal-title":"Sport Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2116_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1977.tb38215.x","volume":"301","author":"WP Morgan","year":"1977","unstructured":"Morgan WP, Pollock ML. Psychologic characterization of the elite distance runner. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1977;301(1):382\u2013403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1977.tb38215.x.","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"2116_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-013-0044-y","volume":"43","author":"A St Clair Gibson","year":"2013","unstructured":"St Clair Gibson A, De Koning JJ, Thompson KG, et al. Crawling to the finish line: why do endurance runners collapse?: implications for understanding of mechanisms underlying pacing and fatigue. Sports Med. 2013;43(6):413\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-013-0044-y.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"2116_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.5040\/9781492596233.ch-003","volume-title":"Emotions in sport","author":"YL Hanin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hanin YL. Individual Zones of Optimal Functioning (IZOF) Model: emotion-performance relationship in sport. In: Emotions in sport. Human Kinetics; 2000. p. 65\u201389."},{"key":"2116_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.5040\/9781492596233.ch-004","volume-title":"Emotions in sport","author":"JS Raglin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Raglin JS, Hanin YL. Competitive anxiety. In: Emotions in sport. Human Kinetics; 2000. p. 93\u2013111."},{"issue":"984","key":"2116_CR64","first-page":"328","volume":"107","author":"SN Sullivan","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sullivan SN, Wong C, Heidenheim P. Does running cause gastrointestinal symptoms? A survey of 93 randomly selected runners compared with controls. NZ Med J. 1994;107(984):328\u201331.","journal-title":"NZ Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"2116_CR65","first-page":"130","volume":"4","author":"FE Ghio","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ghio FE, Pieri M, Agracheva A, Melisurgo G, Ponti A, Serini C. Sudden cardiac arrest in a marathon runner. A case report. HSR Proc Intensive Care Cardiovasc Anesth. 2012;4(2):130\u20132.","journal-title":"HSR Proc Intensive Care Cardiovasc Anesth."},{"key":"2116_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/jsm.0000000000000750","author":"T Gessel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gessel T, Lin CY. Exertional heatstroke in a marathon runner complicated by concurrent use of an antipsychotic medication affecting thermoregulation. Clin J Sport Med. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/jsm.0000000000000750.","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2116_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00541290","volume":"31","author":"HC Middleton","year":"1987","unstructured":"Middleton HC, Maisey DN, Mills IH. Do antidepressants cause postural hypotension by blocking cardiovascular reflexes? Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1987;31(6):647\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00541290.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2116_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199512000-00003","volume":"27","author":"LM Holtzhausen","year":"1995","unstructured":"Holtzhausen LM, Noakes TD. The prevalence and significance of post-exercise (postural) hypotension in ultramarathon runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995;27(12):1595\u2013601.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"3","key":"2116_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.3758\/pbr.16.3.475","volume":"16","author":"TS Eich","year":"2009","unstructured":"Eich TS, Metcalfe J. Effects of the stress of marathon running on implicit and explicit memory. Psychon Bull Rev. 2009;16(3):475\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/pbr.16.3.475.","journal-title":"Psychon Bull Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"2116_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.3357\/ASEM.2151.2007","volume":"78","author":"MK Taylor","year":"2007","unstructured":"Taylor MK, Sausen KP, Potterat EG. Stressful military training: endocrine reactivity, performance, and psychological impact. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2007;78(12):1143\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3357\/ASEM.2151.2007.","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"2116_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.11.1675","volume":"152","author":"HS Resnick","year":"1995","unstructured":"Resnick HS, Yehuda R, Pitman RK, Foy DW. Effect of previous trauma on acute plasma cortisol level following rape. Am J Psychiatry. 1995;152(11):1675\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/ajp.152.11.1675.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"2116_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-2158","volume":"93","author":"WB Norbury","year":"2008","unstructured":"Norbury WB, Herndon DN, Branski LK, Chinkes DL, Jeschke MG. Urinary cortisol and catecholamine excretion after burn injury in children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93(4):1270\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2006-2158.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"22","key":"2116_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10440","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.22.10440","volume":"91","author":"L Aloe","year":"1994","unstructured":"Aloe L, Bracci-Laudiero L, Alleva E, Lambiase A, Micera A, Tirassa P. Emotional stress induced by parachute jumping enhances blood nerve growth factor levels and the distribution of nerve growth factor receptors in lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 1994;91(22):10440\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.91.22.10440.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2116_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1097\/JES.0b013e31821f7e45","volume":"39","author":"BN Greenwood","year":"2011","unstructured":"Greenwood BN, Fleshner M. Stress resistance, and central serotonergic systems. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2011;39(3):140\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JES.0b013e31821f7e45.","journal-title":"Exerc Sport Sci Rev"},{"key":"2116_CR75","unstructured":"Lemm KM, Wirtz D. Exploring \u201crosy\u201d bias and goal achievement in marathon runners. J Sports Behav. 2013;36(1):66\u201381. https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/record\/2013-03517-004."},{"key":"2116_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0132943","author":"G Cona","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cona G, Cavazzana A, Paoli A, Marcolin G, Grainer A, Bisiacchi PS. It\u2019s a matter of mind! cognitive functioning predicts the athletic performance in ultra-marathon runners. G P, ed. PLoS ONE. 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0132943.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2116_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.605130","author":"JC Jaenes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jaenes JC, Wilczy\u0144ska D, Alarc\u00f3n D, Pe\u00f1aloza R, Casado A, Trujillo M. The effectiveness of the psychological intervention in amateur male marathon runners. Front Psychol. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.605130.","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"2116_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Brown JL. Cognitive\u2013behavioral strategies. Luiselli J, Reed D, eds. Publ Online. 2011:113\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4614-0070-7_7. (Published online).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-0070-7_7"},{"issue":"5","key":"2116_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2006.01.023","volume":"24","author":"LD Sanchez","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sanchez LD, Corwell B, Berkoff D. Medical problems of marathon runners. Am J Emerg Med. 2006;24(5):608\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2006.01.023.","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"2116_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.3810\/psm.2000.08.1157","volume":"28","author":"LB Mayers","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mayers LB, Noakes TD. A guide to treating Ironman triathletes at the finish line. Phys Sportsmed. 2000;28(8):35\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3810\/psm.2000.08.1157.","journal-title":"Phys Sportsmed"},{"issue":"6","key":"2116_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1249\/jsr.0b013e318272c34b","volume":"11","author":"M Khodaee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Khodaee M, Ansari M. Common ultramarathon injuries and illnesses. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2012;11(6):290\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/jsr.0b013e318272c34b.","journal-title":"Curr Sports Med Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"2116_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1080\/00913847.1988.11709556","volume":"16","author":"MM Adner","year":"1988","unstructured":"Adner MM, Scarlet JJ, Casey JA, Robison W, Jones BH. The Boston Marathon Medical Care Team: ten years of experience. Phys Sportsmed. 1988;16(7):98\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00913847.1988.11709556.","journal-title":"Phys Sportsmed"},{"issue":"1","key":"2116_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327019eb1601_3","volume":"16","author":"JL Brown","year":"2006","unstructured":"Brown JL, Cogan KD. Ethical clinical practice and sport psychology: when two worlds collide. Ethics Behav. 2006;16(1):15\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15327019eb1601_3.","journal-title":"Ethics Behav"},{"key":"2116_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2019.03.001","volume":"53","author":"R Weare","year":"2019","unstructured":"Weare R, Green C, Olasoji M, Plummer V. ICU nurses feel unprepared to care for patients with mental illness: a survey of nurses\u2019 attitudes, knowledge, and skills. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2019;53:37\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.iccn.2019.03.001.","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"issue":"3","key":"2116_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","volume":"12","author":"MF Folstein","year":"1975","unstructured":"Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. Mini-mental state. J Psychiatr Res. 1975;12(3):189\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"2116_CR86","unstructured":"Martin DC, Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW. The mental status examination. 1990. (Published online). https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK201\/"},{"issue":"4","key":"2116_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2016.1236343","volume":"99","author":"RF Bornstein","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bornstein RF. Evidence-based psychological assessment. J Pers Assess. 2016;99(4):435\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00223891.2016.1236343.","journal-title":"J Pers Assess"},{"issue":"10","key":"2116_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.12968\/jpar.2011.3.10.572","volume":"3","author":"V Parsons","year":"2011","unstructured":"Parsons V, O\u2019Brien L. Paramedic clinical decision-making in mental health care: a new theoretical approach. J Paramed Pract. 2011;3(10):572\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12968\/jpar.2011.3.10.572.","journal-title":"J Paramed Pract"},{"key":"2116_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12873-020-00313-2","author":"F Shirzad","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shirzad F, Hadi F, Mortazavi SS. First line in psychiatric emergency: pre-hospital emergency protocol for mental disorders in Iran. BMC Emerg Med. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12873-020-00313-2.","journal-title":"BMC Emerg Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2116_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1080\/10413200.2018.1514428","volume":"31","author":"S Pack","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pack S, Hemmings B, Winter S, Arvinen-Barrow M. A preliminary investigation into the use of humor in sport psychology practice. J Appl Sport Psychol. 2018;31(4):494\u2013502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10413200.2018.1514428.","journal-title":"J Appl Sport Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2116_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2164-4918.1978.tb05094.x","volume":"57","author":"JA Foster","year":"1978","unstructured":"Foster JA. Humor and counseling: close encounters of another kind. Pers Guid J. 1978;57(1):46\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/j.2164-4918.1978.tb05094.x.","journal-title":"Pers Guid J"},{"key":"2116_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/11442.003.0031","volume-title":"The cognitive neurosciences","author":"KA Paller","year":"2020","unstructured":"Paller KA, Antony JW, Mayes AR, Norman KA. Replay-based consolidation governs enduring memory storage. In: Poeppel D, Mangun GR, Gazzaniga MS, editors. The cognitive neurosciences. 6th ed. The MIT Press; 2020. p. 263\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7551\/mitpress\/11442.003.0031.","edition":"6"},{"issue":"10","key":"2116_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1002\/da.21997","volume":"29","author":"MC Kearns","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kearns MC, Ressler KJ, Zatzick D, Rothbaum BO. Early interventions for PTSD: a review. Depress Anxiety. 2012;29(10):833\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/da.21997.","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"issue":"9","key":"2116_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1097\/01.eem.0000697764.46371.a6","volume":"42","author":"H Loewenberg","year":"2020","unstructured":"Loewenberg H, Hawkins SC, Brisson M. Words matter. Emerg Med News. 2020;42(9):31\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.eem.0000697764.46371.a6.","journal-title":"Emerg Med News"},{"key":"2116_CR95","unstructured":"Snider L, Ommeren M, Schafer A, De M, Foundation WT. World Vision International. Psychological first aid: guide for field workers. World Health Organization, Cop; 2011."},{"issue":"9","key":"2116_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.9.1480","volume":"158","author":"A Brunet","year":"2001","unstructured":"Brunet A, Weiss DS, Metzler TJ. The Peritraumatic Distress Inventory: a proposed measure of PTSD criterion A2. Am J Psychiatry. 2001;158(9):1480\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.9.1480.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2116_CR97","unstructured":"American Psychological Association. Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct; 2017. https:\/\/www.apa.org\/ethics\/code."},{"key":"2116_CR98","unstructured":"The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996; 1996. https:\/\/aspe.hhs.gov\/reports\/health-insurance-portability-accountability-act-1996."}],"container-title":["Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40279-024-02116-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40279-024-02116-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40279-024-02116-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,30]],"date-time":"2024-11-30T22:13:12Z","timestamp":1733004792000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40279-024-02116-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2116"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-024-02116-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0112-1642","1179-2035"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0112-1642"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1179-2035"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 September 2024","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 October 2024","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"No sources of funding were used to assist in the preparation of this article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Funding"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest relevant to the content of this article.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This article was conceived by JLB and RR based on JLB\u2019s experience as the lead psychologist for the Boston Marathon since 2002. The original manuscript was written and edited by RR, under the supervision of JLB. CT and KSD are medical directors for the Boston Marathon and have been instrumental in implementing this model of psychological care into the marathon medical model. All authors gave feedback on the final manuscript.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Author contributions"}}]}}