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Understanding how end-users think about concussion-related risk and the need for prevention is critical for the design and implementation of interventions. This study aimed to explore community rugby union stakeholders\u2019 perceptions of concussion risk and the need for prevention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This pragmatic, qualitative descriptive study utilised semi-structured interviews and focus groups with 62 school- and club-level community rugby stakeholders (provincial union representatives, players, coaches, school\/club sport administrators, team leads (managers), physiotherapists, nurses and doctors) from across New Zealand during the 2022 rugby season. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three themes were developed from the data. The theme \u2018concussion risk: a spectrum of concern\u2019 included a spectrum of beliefs ranging from \u2018concussions are a problem\u2019 to the belief that concussions are only a problem if not managed well or that it has always been part of the game, and the risks are being exaggerated. A second theme, \u2018focus on technique and conditioning, or is injury just the nature of the game?\u2019, described beliefs in the importance of technique and conditioning or contrary beliefs such as \u2018as long as there is contact, there will be concussion\u2019. A third theme, \u2018conflicting concussion narratives\u2019, described the tendency of some participants to move back and forth across the spectrum of risk and prevention perceptions, depending on the context.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings reveal a diversity of perspectives on how concussions should be managed or prevented. Balancing these perspectives is critical. This involves addressing unfavourable beliefs, prioritizing both prevention and effective management and community-wide education.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-025-02243-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T02:11:19Z","timestamp":1750299079000},"page":"3129-3142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Concussion Risk and the Need for Prevention: An Exploration into the Complexity of Community Perspectives in Rugby Union"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8443-9173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marelise","family":"Badenhorst","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8442-9589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janelle","family":"Romanchuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1254-8308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielle","family":"Salmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7778-7783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James Craig","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3416-6266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharief","family":"Hendricks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6467-4982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Walters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2243_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2021.589341","volume":"3","author":"D Malcolm","year":"2021","unstructured":"Malcolm D. 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D.S. was employed by World Rugby and is currently employed by International Rugby Players. J.R. is currently employed by NZ Rugby. M.B. has worked as an independent contractor on NZ Rugby research projects since 2019. J.B. has received research and travel funding and part of his salary from World Rugby.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of Interest"}},{"value":"The datasets analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Availability of Data and Materials"}},{"value":"The study was performed in accordance with the standards of ethics outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval to conduct the research was obtained from the University of Otago Human Ethics Committee (approval number 18\/087) to conduct this project.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval"}},{"value":"All participants provided written informed consent. Parental consent was obtained for players 15\u00a0years or younger.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"M.B., D.S., J.R. and S.W. and were involved in conceptualising the overall study design. M.B. was responsible for analysis of the data with input from all authors. All authors were responsible for the interpretation of the analysis. All authors were involved in editing drafts of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final version.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Author Contributions"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Code Availability"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":9,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}}]}}