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However, not every talented athlete will go on to achieve success at the highest level, and the characteristics used to identify athletes are not well understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature to understand parameters that may be associated with podium success at benchmark events in speed\/power-based track and field events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic search of articles was performed across Scopus, PubMed, EBSCOhost (Academic Search Complete and SPORTDiscus) and Web of Science based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies were eligible if they: (a) were published in English; (b) met the minimum performance criteria; (c) included track and field athletes in the 100\u2013400\u00a0m sprint, 100\/110\u00a0m hurdles, high jump, long jump or triple jump; and (d) examined biological or physical performance characteristics or determinants. Risk of bias was assessed using a 16-item checklist. Mean and standard deviations for sample characteristics and performance outcomes were analysed where possible. Articles based on competition data allowed for a comparison between medallists and non-medallists for each event group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty-four articles were included in the systematic review. Of these 44 articles, 36 were competition analyses, five were field analyses (i.e. training) and three were laboratory analyses. Across the eight event groups investigated,\u2009~\u2009509 athletes were evaluated with 323 athletes having individual competition data available for analyses. The key findings of reviewed studies were organised by event group. Medallists in the 100\u00a0m for both men and women achieved a greater peak velocity (men 0.46\u00a0m\/s; women 0.22\u00a0m\/s) and were better able to limit the deceleration phase. Compared with non-medallists in the 200\u00a0m, medallists were faster across the first 100\u00a0m for women (0.25\u00a0s) and second 50\u00a0m (0.10\u00a0s) and final 50\u00a0m for men (0.11\u00a0s). Medallists in the 400\u00a0m were faster in the final 150\u00a0m for both men (0.69\u00a0s) and women (0.58\u00a0s), compared with non-medallists. For both men and women in the sprint hurdles, the greatest differences between medallists and non-medallists emerged in the hurdle 9\u201310 unit time and run to the finish line time. Medallists in the men\u2019s 400-m hurdles maintained a 13-step count between hurdles for one hurdle longer than non-medallists (who shifted to 14 steps), while finalists in the women\u2019s event all followed a similar step pattern. The greatest differences in hurdle unit time between medallists and non-medallists emerged from hurdle five for women (medallists 0.18\u20130.22\u00a0s faster) and hurdle six for men (medallists 0.06\u20130.13\u00a0s faster). In the high jump, medallists for both men and women recorded a greater vertical velocity at take-off. Medallists also achieved a peak centre of mass height\u2009~\u200910\u00a0cm higher than their best bar clearance, while non medallists achieved a height\u2009~\u20095\u00a0cm higher. Medallists in the long jump for both men and women achieved a greater horizontal velocity at touchdown prior to take-off (men 0.41\u00a0m\/s; women 0.30\u00a0m\/s) than non-medallists. Male medallists also achieved a greater horizontal velocity at take-off (0.29\u00a0m\/s) while female medallists achieved a greater vertical velocity (0.23\u00a0m\/s). Male triple jump medallists were jump dominant while non medallists were hop dominant and there was no difference for women. For both men and women, medallists maintained a greater horizontal velocity across the triple jump phases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Across the eight event groups examined, various characteristics that may be associated with benchmark event podium success were identified. However, their ability to reliably differentiate between medal winners and non-medal winners remains inconclusive. While these characteristics may not be able to definitively identify podium success, they can be used to inform performance testing or areas for development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-025-02284-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T20:26:25Z","timestamp":1753734385000},"page":"2567-2594","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Can Current Metrics Characterise or Differentiate Between Elite Track and Field Athletes Within the Sprints, Hurdles, High Jump, Long Jump and Triple Jump? 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