{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T05:46:32Z","timestamp":1788068792951,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":166,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758499200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003032","name":"Association nationale de la recherche et de la technologie","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2024\/1197"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024\/1197"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003032","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006390","name":"University of Lausanne","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006390","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The optimisation of muscle recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is a major issue in sports medicine. This comprehensive review examines the effects of four environmental stressors, including cold (cold therapy), heat (heat therapy), hot\u2013cold alternation (contrast therapy) and reduced oxygen availability (hypoxia therapy), on muscle recovery following EIMD. The analysis of related randomised controlled trials assessed the influences of these stressors on five markers of recovery (muscular performance, joint amplitude, muscle pain, swelling and blood biomarkers). Although cold therapy has been widely studied, the lack of consensus on its application modalities leads to controversial debates regarding its effectiveness for muscle recovery. Heat therapy, particularly hot water immersion, appears to be the most effective method for restoring muscle function. However, the use of local heating techniques is less well understood. Moreover, contrast therapy seems to be promising for reducing swelling post-EIMD; however, the lack of studies and the variety of utilised techniques involving contrast therapy limit conclusions. Finally, local hypoxia, which is elicited by intermittent blood flow restriction, demonstrates potential for reducing inflammation and improving the recovery of muscle function, based on the appropriate application of protocols. By synthesising existing data, this comprehensive review shows that most environmental stress-based therapies can be effective, if the modalities of application\u2014such as dose or frequency\u2014are appropriate. It offers practical recommendations for optimising muscle recovery. This review also highlights the need for further research to refine protocols and better understand the potential synergistic effects of these environmental stress-based interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-025-02300-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T16:33:14Z","timestamp":1758558794000},"page":"2721-2751","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Isolated and Combined Effects of Cold, Heat and Hypoxia Therapies on Muscle Recovery Following Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2879-4452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yohan","family":"Rousse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4036-9622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benoit","family":"Sautillet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0478-2882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillaume","family":"Costalat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0808-7986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franck","family":"Brocherie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8081-4423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gr\u00e9goire P.","family":"Millet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2300_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s12576-015-0433-0","volume":"66","author":"T Shibaguchi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shibaguchi T, Sugiura T, Fujitsu T, et al. Effects of icing or heat stress on the induction of fibrosis and\/or regeneration of injured rat soleus muscle. J Physiol Sci. 2016;66:345\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12576-015-0433-0.","journal-title":"J Physiol Sci"},{"key":"2300_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.91651.2008","volume":"107","author":"Y Oishi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Oishi Y, Hayashida M, Tsukiashi S, et al. Heat stress increases myonuclear number and fiber size via satellite cell activation in rat regenerating soleus fibers. J Appl Physiol. 2009;107:1612\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.91651.2008.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2300_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5855","DOI":"10.1113\/JP285398","volume":"602","author":"G Santocildes","year":"2024","unstructured":"Santocildes G, Viscor G, Pag\u00e8s T, et al. Simulated altitude is medicine: intermittent exposure to hypobaric hypoxia and cold accelerates injured skeletal muscle recovery. J Physiol. 2024;602:5855\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/JP285398.","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"2300_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-006-0331-5","volume":"99","author":"K Nosaka","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nosaka K, Muthalib M, Lavender A, et al. Attenuation of muscle damage by preconditioning with muscle hyperthermia 1-day prior to eccentric exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2007;99:183\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-006-0331-5.","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2300_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2016.11.015","volume":"20","author":"W Page","year":"2017","unstructured":"Page W, Swan R, Patterson SD. The effect of intermittent lower limb occlusion on recovery following exercise-induced muscle damage: a randomized controlled trial. J Sci Med Sport. 2017;20:729\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsams.2016.11.015.","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"2300_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-007-0605-6","volume":"102","author":"J Vaile","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vaile J, Halson S, Gill N, et al. Effect of hydrotherapy on the signs and symptoms of delayed onset muscle soreness. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2008;102:447\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-007-0605-6.","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2300_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-111438","volume":"37","author":"A Vieira","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vieira A, Siqueira AF, Ferreira-Junior JB, et al. The effect of water temperature during cold-water immersion on recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage. Int J Sports Med. 2016;37:937\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0042-111438.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"2300_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-018-0876-6","volume":"48","author":"H McGorm","year":"2018","unstructured":"McGorm H, Roberts LA, Coombes JS, et al. Turning up the heat: an evaluation of the evidence for heating to promote exercise recovery, muscle rehabilitation and adaptation. Sports Med. 2018;48:1311\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-018-0876-6.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"2300_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2024-108304","volume":"58","author":"S Racinais","year":"2024","unstructured":"Racinais S, Dablainville V, Rousse Y, et al. Cryotherapy for treating soft tissue injuries in sport medicine: a critical review. Br J Sports Med. 2024;58:1215\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2024-108304.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"2300_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2024.2416779","author":"BJ Narang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Narang BJ, Drole K, Barber JFP, et al. Utility of hypoxic modalities for musculoskeletal injury rehabilitation in athletes: a narrative review of mechanisms and contemporary perspectives. J Sports Sci. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02640414.2024.2416779.","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"key":"2300_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-024-05642-9","volume":"125","author":"T Normand-Gravier","year":"2025","unstructured":"Normand-Gravier T, Solsona R, Dablainville V, et al. Effects of thermal interventions on skeletal muscle adaptations and regeneration: perspectives on epigenetics: a narrative review. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2025;125:277\u2013301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-024-05642-9.","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2300_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062356","volume":"8","author":"F Bieuzen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bieuzen F, Bleakley CM, Costello JT. Contrast water therapy and exercise induced muscle damage: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:e62356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0062356.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2300_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510395497","volume":"39","author":"W Gregson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gregson W, Black MA, Jones H, et al. Influence of cold water immersion on limb and cutaneous blood flow at rest. Am J Sports Med. 2011;39:1316\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546510395497.","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2300_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2475","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-014-2911-y","volume":"23","author":"S Khoshnevis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Khoshnevis S, Craik NK, Diller KR. Cold-induced vasoconstriction may persist long after cooling ends: an evaluation of multiple cryotherapy units. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2015;23:2475\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00167-014-2911-y.","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"2300_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198409000-00006","volume":"24","author":"AL Osterman","year":"1984","unstructured":"Osterman AL, Heppenstall RB, Sapega AA, et al. Muscle ischemia and hypothermia: a bioenergetic study using 31phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Trauma. 1984;24:811\u20137.","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"2300_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.42.4.715","volume":"42","author":"GJ Fuhrman","year":"1959","unstructured":"Fuhrman GJ, Fuhrman FA. Oxygen consumption of animals and tissues as a function of temperature. J Gen Physiol. 1959;42:715\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1085\/jgp.42.4.715.","journal-title":"J Gen Physiol"},{"key":"2300_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0139028","volume":"10","author":"E Hohenauer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hohenauer E, Taeymans J, Baeyens J-P, et al. The effect of post-exercise cryotherapy on recovery characteristics: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2015;10:e0139028. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0139028.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2300_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-198603060-00002","volume":"3","author":"R Meeusen","year":"1986","unstructured":"Meeusen R, Lievens P. The use of cryotherapy in sports injuries. Sports Med. 1986;3:398\u2013414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00007256-198603060-00002.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"2300_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000169611.21671.2e","volume":"37","author":"H Lee","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lee H, Natsui H, Akimoto T, et al. Effects of cryotherapy after contusion using real-time intravital microscopy. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005;37:1093\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/01.mss.0000169611.21671.2e.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"2300_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200636090-00003","volume":"36","author":"IM Wilcock","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wilcock IM, Cronin JB, Hing WA. Physiological response to water immersion: a method for sport recovery? Sports Med. 2006;36:747\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00007256-200636090-00003.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"2300_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ta.0000174922.08781.2f","volume":"61","author":"K-D Schaser","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schaser K-D, Stover JF, Melcher I, et al. Local cooling restores microcirculatory hemodynamics after closed soft-tissue trauma in rats. J Trauma. 2006;61:642\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.ta.0000174922.08781.2f.","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"2300_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep18525","volume":"6","author":"G Vieira Ramos","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vieira Ramos G, Pinheiro CM, Messa SP, et al. Cryotherapy reduces inflammatory response without altering muscle regeneration process and extracellular matrix remodeling of rat muscle. Sci Rep. 2016;6:18525. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep18525.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"2300_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01069.2020","volume":"130","author":"M Kawashima","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kawashima M, Kawanishi N, Tominaga T, et al. Icing after eccentric contraction-induced muscle damage perturbs the disappearance of necrotic muscle fibers and phenotypic dynamics of macrophages in mice. J Appl Physiol. 2021;130(5):1410\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.01069.2020.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2300_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-022-02143-8","volume":"159","author":"A Miyazaki","year":"2023","unstructured":"Miyazaki A, Kawashima M, Nagata I, et al. Icing after skeletal muscle injury decreases M1 macrophage accumulation and TNF-\u03b1 expression during the early phase of muscle regeneration in rats. Histochem Cell Biol. 2023;159:77\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00418-022-02143-8.","journal-title":"Histochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"2300_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01187.2010","volume":"110","author":"R Takagi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Takagi R, Fujita N, Arakawa T, et al. Influence of icing on muscle regeneration after crush injury to skeletal muscles in rats. J Appl Physiol. 2011;110:382\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.01187.2010.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2300_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R574","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00258.2022","volume":"324","author":"I Nagata","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nagata I, Kawashima M, Miyazaki A, et al. Icing after skeletal muscle injury with necrosis in a small fraction of myofibers limits inducible nitric oxide synthase-expressing macrophage invasion and facilitates muscle regeneration. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2023;324:R574\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpregu.00258.2022.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"2300_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1113\/JP272881","volume":"595","author":"JM Peake","year":"2017","unstructured":"Peake JM, Roberts LA, Figueiredo VC, et al. The effects of cold water immersion and active recovery on inflammation and cell stress responses in human skeletal muscle after resistance exercise. J Physiol. 2017;595:695\u2013711. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/JP272881.","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"2300_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Johnson JM, Proppe DW. Cardiovascular adjustments to heat stress. In: Terjung R, editor. Comprehensive physiology. 2011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cphy.cp040111.","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.cp040111"},{"key":"2300_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5329","DOI":"10.1113\/JP272453","volume":"594","author":"VE Brunt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brunt VE, Howard MJ, Francisco MA, et al. Passive heat therapy improves endothelial function, arterial stiffness and blood pressure in sedentary humans. J Physiol. 2016;594:5329\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/JP272453.","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"2300_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7413","DOI":"10.1113\/JP274870","volume":"595","author":"AJ Cheng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cheng AJ, Willis SJ, Zinner C, et al. Post-exercise recovery of contractile function and endurance in humans and mice is accelerated by heating and slowed by cooling skeletal muscle. J Physiol. 2017;595:7413\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/JP274870.","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"2300_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1007\/s12576-017-0574-4","volume":"68","author":"T Nakagawa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nakagawa T, Hiraga S-I, Mizumura K, et al. Topical thermal therapy with hot packs suppresses physical inactivity-induced mechanical hyperalgesia and up-regulation of NGF. J Physiol Sci. 2018;68:629\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12576-017-0574-4.","journal-title":"J Physiol Sci"},{"key":"2300_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-012344-8.50005-2","volume-title":"Selected Readings in Chemical Kinetics","author":"S Arrhenius","year":"1967","unstructured":"Arrhenius S. On the reaction velocity of the inversion of cane sugar by acids\u2020. In: Back MH, Laidler KJ, editors. Selected Readings in Chemical Kinetics. Pergamon: Oxford; 1967. p. 31\u20135."},{"key":"2300_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-011-0424-7","volume":"56","author":"D Fiala","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fiala D, Havenith G, Br\u00f6de P, et al. UTCI-fiala multi-node model of human heat transfer and temperature regulation. Int J Biometeorol. 2012;56:429\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-011-0424-7.","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"issue":"65","key":"2300_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1988.65.3.1110","volume":"1988","author":"J Werner","year":"1985","unstructured":"Werner J, Buse M. Temperature profiles with respect to inhomogeneity and geometry of the human body. J Appl Physiol. 1985;1988(65):1110\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1988.65.3.1110.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2300_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199405000-00021","volume":"93","author":"RR Garramone","year":"1994","unstructured":"Garramone RR, Winters RM, Das DK, et al. Reduction of skeletal muscle injury through stress conditioning using the heat-shock response. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1994;93:1242\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00006534-199405000-00021.","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"2300_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-006-1083-0","volume":"12","author":"A Kojima","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kojima A, Goto K, Morioka S, et al. Heat stress facilitates the regeneration of injured skeletal muscle in rats. J Orthop Sci. 2007;12:74\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00776-006-1083-0.","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"key":"2300_CR37","first-page":"238","volume":"32","author":"JW Myrer","year":"1997","unstructured":"Myrer JW, Measom G, Durrant E, et al. Cold- and hot-pack contrast therapy: subcutaneous and intramuscular temperature change. J Athl Train. 1997;32:238\u201341.","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"2300_CR38","first-page":"336","volume":"33","author":"D Higgins","year":"1998","unstructured":"Higgins D, Kaminski TW. Contrast therapy does not cause fluctuations in human gastrocnemius intramuscular temperature. J Athl Train. 1998;33:336\u201340.","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"2300_CR39","first-page":"318","volume":"29","author":"JW Myrer","year":"1994","unstructured":"Myrer JW, Draper DO, Durrant E. Contrast therapy and intramuscular temperature in the human leg. J Athl Train. 1994;29:318\u201322.","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"2300_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-013-1336-7","volume":"466","author":"T Chaillou","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chaillou T, Koulmann N, Meunier A, et al. Ambient hypoxia enhances the loss of muscle mass after extensive injury. Pflugers Arch. 2014;466:587\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00424-013-1336-7.","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch"},{"key":"2300_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00501.2016","volume":"122","author":"D Rizo-Roca","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rizo-Roca D, R\u00edos-Kristj\u00e1nsson JG, N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Espinosa C, et al. Intermittent hypobaric hypoxia combined with aerobic exercise improves muscle morphofunctional recovery after eccentric exercise to exhaustion in trained rats. J Appl Physiol. 2017;122:580\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00501.2016.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2300_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1080\/026404197367498","volume":"15","author":"SJ Brown","year":"1997","unstructured":"Brown SJ, Child RB, Day SH, et al. Exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage and adaptation following repeated bouts of eccentric muscle contractions. J Sports Sci. 1997;15:215\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/026404197367498.","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"key":"2300_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181e86148","volume":"25","author":"DG Burt","year":"2011","unstructured":"Burt DG, Twist C. The effects of exercise-induced muscle damage on cycling time-trial performance. J Strength Cond Res. 2011;25:2185\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181e86148.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"2300_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199508000-00013","volume":"27","author":"JM Saxton","year":"1995","unstructured":"Saxton JM, Clarkson PM, James R, et al. Neuromuscular dysfunction following eccentric exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995;27:1185\u201393.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"2300_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000161804.05399.3b","volume":"37","author":"JM Peake","year":"2005","unstructured":"Peake JM, Suzuki K, Wilson G, et al. Exercise-induced muscle damage, plasma cytokines, and markers of neutrophil activation. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005;37:737\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/01.mss.0000161804.05399.3b.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"2300_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200838060-00004","volume":"38","author":"G Howatson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Howatson G, van Someren KA. The prevention and treatment of exercise-induced muscle damage. Sports Med. 2008;38:483\u2013503. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00007256-200838060-00004.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"2300_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200333020-00005","volume":"33","author":"K Cheung","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cheung K, Hume P, Maxwell L. Delayed onset muscle soreness\u202f: treatment strategies and performance factors. Sports Med. 2003;33:145\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00007256-200333020-00005.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"2300_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.26.4.267","volume":"26","author":"MJ Cleak","year":"1992","unstructured":"Cleak MJ, Eston RG. Muscle soreness, swelling, stiffness and strength loss after intense eccentric exercise. Br J Sports Med. 1992;26:267\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsm.26.4.267.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"2300_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200131010-00001","volume":"31","author":"DL Tomlin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tomlin DL, Wenger HA. The relationship between aerobic fitness and recovery from high intensity intermittent exercise. Sports Med. 2001;31:1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00007256-200131010-00001.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"2300_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","volume":"372","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.n71.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2300_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1054\/math.2000.0372","volume":"5","author":"C Sherrington","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sherrington C, Herbert RD, Maher CG, et al. PEDro. A database of randomized trials and systematic reviews in physiotherapy. Man Ther. 2000;5:223\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1054\/math.2000.0372.","journal-title":"Man Ther"},{"key":"2300_CR52","unstructured":"PEDro\u2014Search Detailed Search Results. https:\/\/search.pedro.org.au\/search-results\/record-detail\/1672. Accessed 22 May 2024"},{"key":"2300_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-972686","volume":"18","author":"DJ Paddon-Jones","year":"1997","unstructured":"Paddon-Jones DJ, Quigley BM. Effect of cryotherapy on muscle soreness and strength following eccentric exercise. Int J Sports Med. 1997;18:588\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2007-972686.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"2300_CR54","first-page":"222","volume":"33","author":"LA Kuligowski","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kuligowski LA, Lephart SM, Giannantonio FP, et al. Effect of whirlpool therapy on the signs and symptoms of delayed-onset muscle soreness. J Athl Train. 1998;33:222\u20138.","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"2300_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1080\/026404199366136","volume":"17","author":"R Eston","year":"1999","unstructured":"Eston R, Peters D. Effects of cold water immersion on the symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage. J Sports Sci. 1999;17:231\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/026404199366136.","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"key":"2300_CR56","first-page":"132","volume":"39","author":"K Nosaka","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nosaka K, Sakamoto K, Newton M, et al. Influence of pre-exercise muscle temperature on responses to eccentric exercise. J Athl Train. 2004;39:132\u20137.","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"2300_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.3233\/BMR-2006-19406","volume":"19","author":"A Skurvydas","year":"2006","unstructured":"Skurvydas A, Sipaviciene S, Krutulyte G, et al. Cooling leg muscles affects dynamics of indirect indicators of skeletal muscle damage. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2006;19:141\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/BMR-2006-19406.","journal-title":"J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil"},{"key":"2300_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2006.033985","volume":"41","author":"KL Sellwood","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sellwood KL, Brukner P, Williams D, et al. Ice-water immersion and delayed-onset muscle soreness: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Sports Med. 2007;41:392\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsm.2006.033985.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"2300_CR59","first-page":"235","volume":"7","author":"S Goodall","year":"2008","unstructured":"Goodall S, Howatson G. The effects of multiple cold water immersions on indices of muscle damage. J Sports Sci Med. 2008;7:235\u201341.","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Med"},{"key":"2300_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130802707733","volume":"52","author":"JR Jakeman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jakeman JR, Macrae R, Eston R. A single 10-min bout of cold-water immersion therapy after strenuous plyometric exercise has no beneficial effect on recovery from the symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage. Ergonomics. 2009;52:456\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00140130802707733.","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"2300_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027749","volume":"6","author":"C Hausswirth","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hausswirth C, Louis J, Bieuzen F, et al. Effects of whole-body cryotherapy vs. far-infrared vs. passive modalities on recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage in highly-trained runners. PLoS ONE. 2011;6:e27749. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0027749.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2300_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2977","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-011-1924-1","volume":"111","author":"M Pointon","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pointon M, Duffield R, Cannon J, et al. Cold application for neuromuscular recovery following intense lower-body exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2011;111:2977\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-011-1924-1.","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2300_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2011.01292.x","volume":"22","author":"JT Costello","year":"2012","unstructured":"Costello JT, Algar LA, Donnelly AE. Effects of whole-body cryotherapy (\u2212110 \u00b0C) on proprioception and indices of muscle damage. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2012;22:190\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2011.01292.x.","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"2300_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2577","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-013-2693-9","volume":"113","author":"NJ Crystal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Crystal NJ, Townson DH, Cook SB, et al. Effect of cryotherapy on muscle recovery and inflammation following a bout of damaging exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2013;113:2577\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-013-2693-9.","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2300_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e270","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12074","volume":"23","author":"B Fonda","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fonda B, Sarabon N. Effects of whole-body cryotherapy on recovery after hamstring damaging exercise: a crossover study. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2013;23:e270-278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sms.12074.","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"2300_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1942","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513490648","volume":"41","author":"G Guilhem","year":"2013","unstructured":"Guilhem G, Hug F, Couturier A, et al. Effects of air-pulsed cryotherapy on neuromuscular recovery subsequent to exercise-induced muscle damage. Am J Sports Med. 2013;41:1942\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546513490648.","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2300_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2743","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31828830df","volume":"27","author":"ET Oakley","year":"2013","unstructured":"Oakley ET, Pardeiro RB, Powell JW, et al. The effects of multiple daily applications of ice to the hamstrings on biochemical measures, signs, and symptoms associated with exercise-induced muscle damage. J Strength Cond Res. 2013;27:2743\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31828830df.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"2300_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e318267a22c","volume":"27","author":"C-Y Tseng","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tseng C-Y, Lee J-P, Tsai Y-S, et al. Topical cooling (icing) delays recovery from eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage. J Strength Cond Res. 2013;27:1354\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0b013e318267a22c.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"2300_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1382057","volume":"35","author":"JB Ferreira-Junior","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ferreira-Junior JB, Bottaro M, Vieira CA, et al. Effects of partial-body cryotherapy (\u2212110\u00b0C) on muscle recovery between high-intensity exercise bouts. Int J Sports Med. 2014;35:1155\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0034-1382057.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"2300_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2014.01.002","volume":"15","author":"PD Glasgow","year":"2014","unstructured":"Glasgow PD, Ferris R, Bleakley CM. Cold water immersion in the management of delayed-onset muscle soreness: is dose important? A randomised controlled trial. Phys Ther Sport. 2014;15:228\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ptsp.2014.01.002.","journal-title":"Phys Ther Sport"},{"key":"2300_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3245","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001127","volume":"29","author":"JS Petrofsky","year":"2015","unstructured":"Petrofsky JS, Khowailed IA, Lee H, et al. Cold vs. heat after exercise-is there a clear winner for muscle soreness. J Strength Cond Res. 2015;29:3245\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001127.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"2300_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-3737-5_10","volume-title":"3rd international conference on movement, health and exercise","author":"NH Amir","year":"2017","unstructured":"Amir NH, Hashim HA, Saha S, et al. The effect of single bout of 15 minutes of 15-degree Celsius cold water immersion on delayed-onset muscle soreness indicators. In: Ibrahim F, Cheong JPG, Usman J, et al., editors. 3rd international conference on movement, health and exercise. Singapore: Springer; 2017. p. 45\u201351."},{"issue":"9","key":"2300_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-016-2071-z","volume":"31","author":"PRV de Paiva","year":"2016","unstructured":"de Paiva PRV, Tomazoni SS, Johnson DS, et al. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) and\/or cryotherapy in skeletal muscle restitution, what is better? A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Lasers Med Sci. 2016;31(9):1925\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10103-016-2071-z.","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"key":"2300_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.2147\/OAJSM.S110991","volume":"7","author":"E Hohenauer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hohenauer E, Clarys P, Baeyens J-P, et al. The effect of local cryotherapy on subjective and objective recovery characteristics following an exhaustive jump protocol. Open Access J Sports Med. 2016;7:89\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/OAJSM.S110991.","journal-title":"Open Access J Sports Med"},{"key":"2300_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-016-2139-9","volume":"32","author":"T De Marchi","year":"2017","unstructured":"De Marchi T, Schmitt VM, Machado GP, et al. Does photobiomodulation therapy is better than cryotherapy in muscle recovery after a high-intensity exercise? A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Lasers Med Sci. 2017;32:429\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10103-016-2139-9.","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"key":"2300_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12734","volume":"27","author":"AF Machado","year":"2017","unstructured":"Machado AF, Almeida AC, Micheletti JK, et al. Dosages of cold-water immersion post exercise on functional and clinical responses: a randomized controlled trial. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2017;27:1356\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sms.12734.","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"2300_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1876386301710010073","author":"K Malmir","year":"2017","unstructured":"Malmir K, Ghotbi N, Mir SM, et al. Comparing effects of cryotherapy and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on signs and symptoms of delayed onset muscle soreness in amateur athletes. Open Pain J. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1876386301710010073.","journal-title":"Open Pain J"},{"key":"2300_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.29089\/2017.17.00029","volume":"25","author":"A Doungkulsaa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Doungkulsaa A, Paungmalia A, Henry Joseph L, et al. Effectiveness of air pulsed cryotherapy on delayed onset muscle soreness of elbow flexors following eccentric exercise. Pol Ann Med. 2018;25:103\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29089\/2017.17.00029.","journal-title":"Pol Ann Med"},{"key":"2300_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2017.1312492","volume":"36","author":"SY Kwiecien","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kwiecien SY, McHugh MP, Howatson G. The efficacy of cooling with phase change material for the treatment of exercise-induced muscle damage: pilot study. J Sports Sci. 2018;36:407\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02640414.2017.1312492.","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"key":"2300_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10961","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-28942-5","volume":"8","author":"AF Siqueira","year":"2018","unstructured":"Siqueira AF, Vieira A, Bottaro M, et al. Multiple cold-water immersions attenuate muscle damage but not alter systemic inflammation and muscle function recovery: a parallel randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep. 2018;8:10961. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-28942-5.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2300_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13593","volume":"30","author":"E Hohenauer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hohenauer E, Costello JT, Deliens T, et al. Partial-body cryotherapy (\u2212135\u00b0C) and cold-water immersion (10\u00b0C) after muscle damage in females. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2020;30:485\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sms.13593.","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"2300_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2020.00017","volume":"2","author":"A Kositsky","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kositsky A, Avela J. The effects of cold water immersion on the recovery of drop jump performance and mechanics: a pilot study in under-20 soccer players. Front Sports Act Living. 2020;2:17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fspor.2020.00017.","journal-title":"Front Sports Act Living"},{"key":"2300_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-019-04285-5","volume":"120","author":"SY Kwiecien","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kwiecien SY, O\u2019Hara DJ, McHugh MP, et al. Prolonged cooling with phase change material enhances recovery and does not affect the subsequent repeated bout effect following exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2020;120:413\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-019-04285-5.","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2300_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare10122556","volume":"10","author":"R Yoshida","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yoshida R, Nakamura M, Ikegami R. The effect of single bout treatment of heat or cold intervention on delayed onset muscle soreness induced by eccentric contraction. Healthcare (Basel). 2022;10:2556. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/healthcare10122556.","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"2300_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e20288","volume":"9","author":"M Yoshimura","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yoshimura M, Nakamura M, Kasahara K, et al. Effect of CO2 and H2 gas mixture in cold water immersion on recovery after eccentric loading. Heliyon. 2023;9:e20288. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e20288.","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"2300_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsc.12235","volume":"25","author":"Y Huang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang Y, Chen H. Effect of cold-water immersion treatment on recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage in the hamstring. Eur J Sport Sci. 2024;25:e12235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejsc.12235.","journal-title":"Eur J Sport Sci"},{"key":"2300_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2362","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000003513","volume":"56","author":"S Beno\u00eet","year":"2024","unstructured":"Beno\u00eet S, Nicolas B, Gr\u00e9goire MP, et al. Hot but not cold water immersion mitigates the decline in rate of force development following exercise-induced muscle damage. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2024;56:2362\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0000000000003513.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"2300_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.23736\/S0022-4707.19.09398-8","volume":"59","author":"BA Vromans","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vromans BA, Thorpe RT, Viroux PJ, et al. Cold water immersion settings for reducing muscle tissue temperature: a linear dose-response relationship. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2019;59:1861\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23736\/S0022-4707.19.09398-8.","journal-title":"J Sports Med Phys Fitness"},{"key":"2300_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2021.660092","volume":"3","author":"L Freitag","year":"2021","unstructured":"Freitag L, Clijsen R, Deflorin C, et al. Intramuscular temperature changes in the quadriceps femoris muscle after post-exercise cold-water immersion (10\u00b0c for 10 min): a systematic review with meta-analysis. Front Sports Act Living. 2021;3:660092. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fspor.2021.660092.","journal-title":"Front Sports Act Living"},{"key":"2300_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-022-01800-1","author":"E Moore","year":"2023","unstructured":"Moore E, Fuller JT, Bellenger CR, et al. Effects of cold-water immersion compared with other recovery modalities on athletic performance following acute strenuous exercise in physically active participants: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Sports Med. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-022-01800-1.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"2300_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0072658","volume":"8","author":"C Hausswirth","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hausswirth C, Schaal K, Le Meur Y, et al. Parasympathetic activity and blood catecholamine responses following a single partial-body cryostimulation and a whole-body cryostimulation. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:e72658. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0072658.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2300_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200212000-00006","volume":"34","author":"RK Evans","year":"2002","unstructured":"Evans RK, Knight KL, Draper DO, et al. Effects of warm-up before eccentric exercise on indirect markers of muscle damage. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002;34:1892\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005768-200212000-00006.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"2300_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-004-1153-y","volume":"93","author":"RC Jayaraman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jayaraman RC, Reid RW, Foley JM, et al. MRI evaluation of topical heat and static stretching as therapeutic modalities for the treatment of eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2004;93:30\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-004-1153-y.","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2300_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1519\/1533-4287(2004)018<0155:eodhaa>2.0.co;2","volume":"18","author":"T Brock Symons","year":"2004","unstructured":"Brock Symons T, Clasey JL, Gater DR, et al. Effects of deep heat as a preventative mechanism on delayed onset muscle soreness. J Strength Cond Res. 2004;18:155\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/1533-4287(2004)018%3c0155:eodhaa%3e2.0.co;2.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"2300_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.3233\/IES-2008-0314","volume":"16","author":"A Aytar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Aytar A, T\u00fcz\u00fcn EH, Eker L, et al. Effectiveness of low-dose pulsed ultrasound for treatment of delayed-onset muscle soreness: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Isokinet Exerc Sci. 2008;16:239\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/IES-2008-0314.","journal-title":"Isokinet Exerc Sci"},{"key":"2300_CR96","first-page":"176","volume":"7","author":"N Saga","year":"2008","unstructured":"Saga N, Katamoto S, Naito H. Effect of heat preconditioning by microwave hyperthermia on human skeletal muscle after eccentric exercise. J Sports Sci Med. 2008;7:176\u201383.","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Med"},{"key":"2300_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-43.6.592","volume":"43","author":"A Skurvydas","year":"2008","unstructured":"Skurvydas A, Kamandulis S, Stanislovaitis A, et al. Leg immersion in warm water, stretch-shortening exercise, and exercise-induced muscle damage. J Athl Train. 2008;43:592\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4085\/1062-6050-43.6.592.","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"2300_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2011.566359","volume":"12","author":"P Khamwong","year":"2012","unstructured":"Khamwong P, Nosaka K, Pirunsan U, et al. Prophylactic effect of hot pack on symptoms of eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage of the wrist extensors. Eur J Sport Sci. 2012;12:443\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17461391.2011.566359.","journal-title":"Eur J Sport Sci"},{"key":"2300_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.4021\/jocmr1521w","volume":"5","author":"J Petrofsky","year":"2013","unstructured":"Petrofsky J, Berk L, Bains G, et al. Moist heat or dry heat for delayed onset muscle soreness. J Clin Med Res. 2013;5:416\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4021\/jocmr1521w.","journal-title":"J Clin Med Res"},{"key":"2300_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/asjsm.6(2)2015.25549","volume":"6","author":"P Khamwong","year":"2015","unstructured":"Khamwong P, Paungmali A, Pirunsan U, et al. Prophylactic effects of sauna on delayed-onset muscle soreness of the wrist extensors. Asian J Sports Med. 2015;6:e25549. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5812\/asjsm.6(2)2015.25549.","journal-title":"Asian J Sports Med"},{"key":"2300_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.12777","volume":"4","author":"JW Castellani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Castellani JW, Zambraski EJ, Sawka MN, et al. Does high muscle temperature accentuate skeletal muscle injury from eccentric exercise? Physiol Rep. 2016;4:e12777. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14814\/phy2.12777.","journal-title":"Physiol Rep"},{"key":"2300_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000375","volume":"27","author":"J Petrofsky","year":"2017","unstructured":"Petrofsky J, Berk L, Bains G, et al. The efficacy of sustained heat treatment on delayed-onset muscle soreness. Clin J Sport Med. 2017;27:329\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000375.","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"key":"2300_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00910.2018","volume":"126","author":"K Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim K, Kuang S, Song Q, et al. Impact of heat therapy on recovery after eccentric exercise in humans. J Appl Physiol. 2019;126:965\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00910.2018.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2300_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.14503","volume":"34","author":"B Sautillet","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sautillet B, Bourdillon N, Millet GP, et al. Hot water immersion: maintaining core body temperature above 38.5\u00b0C mitigates muscle fatigue. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2024;34:e14503. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sms.14503.","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"2300_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-50.1.12","volume":"50","author":"JP Vardiman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vardiman JP, Moodie N, Siedlik JA, et al. Short-wave diathermy pretreatment and inflammatory myokine response after high-intensity eccentric exercise. J Athl Train. 2015;50:612\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4085\/1062-6050-50.1.12.","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"2300_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1519\/R-19355.1","volume":"21","author":"JM Vaile","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vaile JM, Gill ND, Blazevich AJ. The effect of contrast water therapy on symptoms of delayed onset muscle soreness. J Strength Cond Res. 2007;21:697\u2013702. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/R-19355.1.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"2300_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31816b10d5","volume":"40","author":"DN French","year":"2008","unstructured":"French DN, Thompson KG, Garland SW, et al. The effects of contrast bathing and compression therapy on muscular performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008;40:1297\u2013306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31816b10d5.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"2300_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1337944","volume":"34","author":"DJ Cochrane","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cochrane DJ, Booker HR, Mundel T, et al. Does intermittent pneumatic leg compression enhance muscle recovery after strenuous eccentric exercise? Int J Sports Med. 2013;34:969\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0033-1337944.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"2300_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738121995414","volume":"13","author":"M Santos Cerqueira","year":"2021","unstructured":"Santos Cerqueira M, Kovacs D, Martins de Fran\u00e7a I, et al. Effects of individualized ischemic preconditioning on protection against eccentric exercise\u2014induced muscle damage: a randomized controlled trial. Sports Health. 2021;13:554\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1941738121995414.","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"key":"2300_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2021.02.012","volume":"24","author":"SD Patterson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Patterson SD, Swan R, Page W, et al. The effect of acute and repeated ischemic preconditioning on recovery following exercise-induced muscle damage. J Sci Med Sport. 2021;24:709\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsams.2021.02.012.","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"2300_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-021-00373-2","volume":"13","author":"S Wiecha","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wiecha S, Jarocka M, Wi\u015bniowski P, et al. The efficacy of intermittent pneumatic compression and negative pressure therapy on muscle function, soreness and serum indices of muscle damage: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2021;13:144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13102-021-00373-2.","journal-title":"BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2300_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.824210","volume":"13","author":"P-W Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen P-W, Hsu C-C, Lai L-F, et al. Effects of hypoxia\u2013hyperoxia preconditioning on indicators of muscle damage after acute resistance exercise in male athletes. Front Physiol. 2022;13:824210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2022.824210.","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"2300_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2024.2383073","volume":"42","author":"S Leszczynski","year":"2024","unstructured":"Leszczynski S, Gleadhill S, Bennett H. The effect of individualised post-exercise blood flow restriction on recovery following strenuous resistance exercise: a randomised controlled trial. J Sports Sci. 2024;42:1090\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02640414.2024.2383073.","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"key":"2300_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58091154","volume":"58","author":"S Rodrigues","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rodrigues S, Forte P, Dewaele E, et al. Effect of blood flow restriction technique on delayed onset muscle soreness: a systematic review. Medicina (Kaunas). 2022;58:1154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina58091154.","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"2300_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11332-019-00571-z","volume":"16","author":"NM Nogueira","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nogueira NM, Felappi CJ, Lima CS, et al. Effects of local cryotherapy for recovery of delayed onset muscle soreness and strength following exercise-induced muscle damage: systematic review and meta-analysis. Sport Sci Health. 2020;16:1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11332-019-00571-z.","journal-title":"Sport Sci Health"},{"key":"2300_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-021-04683-8","volume":"121","author":"SY Kwiecien","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kwiecien SY, McHugh MP. The cold truth: the role of cryotherapy in the treatment of injury and recovery from exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2021;121:2125\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-021-04683-8.","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2300_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2008.10.003","volume":"34","author":"G Banfi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Banfi G, Melegati G, Barassi A, et al. Effects of whole-body cryotherapy on serum mediators of inflammation and serum muscle enzymes in athletes. J Therm Biol. 2009;34:55\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2008.10.003.","journal-title":"J Therm Biol"},{"key":"2300_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2139","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000348","volume":"46","author":"JR Broatch","year":"2014","unstructured":"Broatch JR, Petersen A, Bishop DJ. Postexercise cold water immersion benefits are not greater than the placebo effect. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2014;46:2139\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000348.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"2300_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-965118","volume":"28","author":"MJ Crowe","year":"2007","unstructured":"Crowe MJ, O\u2019Connor D, Rudd D. Cold water recovery reduces anaerobic performance. Int J Sports Med. 2007;28:994\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2007-965118.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"2300_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-007-0404-0","volume":"100","author":"A Wozniak","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wozniak A, Wozniak B, Drewa G, et al. The effect of whole-body cryostimulation on lysosomal enzyme activity in kayakers during training. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2007;100:137\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-007-0404-0.","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2300_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022748","volume":"6","author":"H Pournot","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pournot H, Bieuzen F, Louis J, et al. Time-course of changes in inflammatory response after whole-body cryotherapy multi exposures following severe exercise. PLoS\u00a0One. 2011;6:e22748. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0022748.","journal-title":"PLoS\u00a0One"},{"key":"2300_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0048190","volume":"7","author":"JT Costello","year":"2012","unstructured":"Costello JT, Culligan K, Selfe J, et al. Muscle, skin and core temperature after \u2212110\u00b0C cold air and 8\u00b0C water treatment. PLoS\u00a0One. 2012;7:e48190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0048190.","journal-title":"PLoS\u00a0One"},{"key":"2300_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2014.00247","volume":"5","author":"JB Ferreira-Junior","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ferreira-Junior JB, Bottaro M, Loenneke JP, et al. Could whole-body cryotherapy (below \u2013 100\u00a0\u00b0C) improve muscle recovery from muscle damage? Front Physiol. 2014;5:247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2014.00247.","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"2300_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2021.660291","volume":"3","author":"AC Petersen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Petersen AC, Fyfe JJ. Post-exercise cold water immersion effects on physiological adaptations to resistance training and the underlying mechanisms in skeletal muscle: a narrative review. Front Sports Act Living. 2021;3:660291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fspor.2021.660291.","journal-title":"Front Sports Act Living"},{"key":"2300_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-020-01362-0","volume":"51","author":"ES Malta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Malta ES, Dutra YM, Broatch JR, et al. The effects of regular cold-water immersion use on training-induced changes in strength and endurance performance: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2021;51:161\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-020-01362-0.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"2300_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-199703000-00010","volume":"13","author":"ME Robinson","year":"1997","unstructured":"Robinson ME, Myers CD, Sadler IJ, et al. Bias effects in three common self-report pain assessment measures. Clin J Pain. 1997;13:74\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00002508-199703000-00010.","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"2300_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2006.031237","volume":"41","author":"AA Algafly","year":"2007","unstructured":"Algafly AA, George KP. The effect of cryotherapy on nerve conduction velocity, pain threshold and pain tolerance. Br J Sports Med. 2007;41:365\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsm.2006.031237.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"2300_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1249\/JES.0000000000000230","volume":"48","author":"K Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim K, Monroe JC, Gavin TP, et al. Local heat therapy to accelerate recovery after exercise-induced muscle damage. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2020;48:163\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/JES.0000000000000230.","journal-title":"Exerc Sport Sci Rev"},{"key":"2300_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acthis.2013.08.010","volume":"116","author":"K Takeuchi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Takeuchi K, Hatade T, Wakamiya S, et al. Heat stress promotes skeletal muscle regeneration after crush injury in rats. Acta Histochem. 2014;116:327\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acthis.2013.08.010.","journal-title":"Acta Histochem"},{"key":"2300_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1007\/s12192-012-0343-5","volume":"17","author":"CD Touchberry","year":"2012","unstructured":"Touchberry CD, Gupte AA, Bomhoff GL, et al. Acute heat stress prior to downhill running may enhance skeletal muscle remodeling. Cell Stress Chaperones. 2012;17:693\u2013705. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12192-012-0343-5.","journal-title":"Cell Stress Chaperones"},{"key":"2300_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1080\/026404197367119","volume":"15","author":"K Nosaka","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nosaka K, Clarkson PM. Influence of previous concentric exercise on eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage. J Sports Sci. 1997;15:477\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/026404197367119.","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"key":"2300_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-198908040-00004","volume":"8","author":"MR Safran","year":"1989","unstructured":"Safran MR, Seaber AV, Garrett WE. Warm-up and muscular injury prevention. An update. Sports Med. 1989;8:239\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00007256-198908040-00004.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"2300_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(96)00730-2","volume":"391","author":"K Bellmann","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bellmann K, J\u00e4\u00e4ttel\u00e4 M, Wissing D, et al. Heat shock protein HSP70 overexpression confers resistance against nitric oxide. FEBS Lett. 1996;391:185\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0014-5793(96)00730-2.","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"2300_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1097\/00003677-200207000-00005","volume":"30","author":"TJ Koh","year":"2002","unstructured":"Koh TJ. Do small heat shock proteins protect skeletal muscle from injury? Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2002;30:117\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00003677-200207000-00005.","journal-title":"Exerc Sport Sci Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2300_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2000.88.1.359","volume":"88","author":"H Naito","year":"2000","unstructured":"Naito H, Powers SK, Demirel HA, et al. Heat stress attenuates skeletal muscle atrophy in hindlimb-unweighted rats. J Appl Physiol. 2000;88(1):359\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.2000.88.1.359.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"118","key":"2300_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00084.2015","volume":"2015","author":"JD P\u00e9riard","year":"1985","unstructured":"P\u00e9riard JD. Self-paced exercise in hot and cool conditions is associated with the maintenance of %VO\u2082 peak within a narrow range. J Appl Physiol. 1985;2015(118):1258\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00084.2015.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2300_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H369","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00078.2015","volume":"309","author":"ST Chiesa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chiesa ST, Trangmar SJ, Kalsi KK, et al. Local temperature-sensitive mechanisms are important mediators of limb tissue hyperemia in the heat-stressed human at rest and during small muscle mass exercise. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2015;309:H369\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpheart.00078.2015.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"2300_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9343(00)00671-9","volume":"110","author":"ML Hannuksela","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hannuksela ML, Ellahham S. Benefits and risks of sauna bathing. Am J Med. 2001;110:118\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0002-9343(00)00671-9.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2300_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-010-1628-6","volume":"31","author":"A Fioravanti","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fioravanti A, Cantarini L, Guidelli GM, et al. Mechanisms of action of spa therapies in rheumatic diseases: what scientific evidence is there? Rheumatol Int. 2011;31:1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-010-1628-6.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"2300_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1023\/b:mcbi.0000049382.63841.e4","volume":"267","author":"PA Ruell","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ruell PA, Hoffman KM, Chow CM, et al. Effect of temperature and duration of hyperthermia on HSP72 induction in rat tissues. Mol Cell Biochem. 2004;267:187\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/b:mcbi.0000049382.63841.e4.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"key":"2300_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17621","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C100084200","volume":"276","author":"KA Pritchard","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pritchard KA, Ackerman AW, Gross ER, et al. Heat shock protein 90 mediates the balance of nitric oxide and superoxide anion from endothelial nitric-oxide synthase. J Biol Chem. 2001;276:17621\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.C100084200.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2300_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s12576-013-0262-y","volume":"63","author":"T Sakurai","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sakurai T, Kashimura O, Kano Y, et al. Role of nitric oxide in muscle regeneration following eccentric muscle contractions in rat skeletal muscle. J Physiol Sci. 2013;63:263\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12576-013-0262-y.","journal-title":"J Physiol Sci"},{"key":"2300_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2009.08.002","volume":"21","author":"LI Filippin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Filippin LI, Moreira AJ, Marroni NP, et al. Nitric oxide and repair of skeletal muscle injury. Nitric Oxide. 2009;21:157\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.niox.2009.08.002.","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide"},{"key":"2300_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.01550","volume":"10","author":"\u00c9 Cerqueira","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cerqueira \u00c9, Marinho DA, Neiva HP, et al. Inflammatory effects of high and moderate intensity exercise-a systematic review. Front Physiol. 2019;10:1550. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2019.01550.","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"2300_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31828f1ee9","volume":"30","author":"AL Bessa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bessa AL, Oliveira VN, Agostini GG, et al. Exercise intensity and recovery: biomarkers of injury, inflammation, and oxidative stress. J Strength Cond Res. 2016;30:311\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31828f1ee9.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"2300_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2006050534","volume":"18","author":"C-C Lin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lin C-C, Chang C-F, Lai M-Y, et al. Far-infrared therapy: a novel treatment to improve access blood flow and unassisted patency of arteriovenous fistula in hemodialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007;18:985\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2006050534.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2300_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1159\/000086319","volume":"74","author":"A Masuda","year":"2005","unstructured":"Masuda A, Koga Y, Hattanmaru M, et al. The effects of repeated thermal therapy for patients with chronic pain. Psychother Psychosom. 2005;74:288\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000086319.","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"key":"2300_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.922544","volume":"26","author":"J Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim J, Jung H, Yim J. Effects of contrast therapy using infrared and cryotherapy as compared with contrast bath therapy on blood flow, muscle tone, and pain threshold in young healthy adults. Med Sci Monit. 2020;26:e922544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12659\/MSM.922544.","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"2300_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2003.10.002","volume":"5","author":"DJ Cochrane","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cochrane DJ. Alternating hot and cold water immersion for athlete recovery: a review. Phys Ther Sport. 2004;5:26\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ptsp.2003.10.002.","journal-title":"Phys Ther Sport"},{"issue":"3","key":"2300_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3402\/ijch.v65i3.18102","volume":"65","author":"K Kukkonen-Harjula","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kukkonen-Harjula K, Kauppinen K. Health effects and risks of sauna bathing. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2006;65(3):195\u2013205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3402\/ijch.v65i3.18102.","journal-title":"Int J Circumpolar Health"},{"key":"2300_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2495","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.84.6.2495","volume":"84","author":"M Kida","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kida M, Fujiwara H, Ishida M, et al. Ischemic preconditioning preserves creatine phosphate and intracellular pH. Circulation. 1991;84:2495\u2013503. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.cir.84.6.2495.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2300_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/28.7.1057","volume":"28","author":"GS Liu","year":"1994","unstructured":"Liu GS, Richards SC, Olsson RA, et al. Evidence that the adenosine A3 receptor may mediate the protection afforded by preconditioning in the isolated rabbit heart. Cardiovasc Res. 1994;28:1057\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cvr\/28.7.1057.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"2300_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00046.2004","volume":"19","author":"IE Konstantinov","year":"2004","unstructured":"Konstantinov IE, Arab S, Kharbanda RK, et al. The remote ischemic preconditioning stimulus modifies inflammatory gene expression in humans. Physiol Genom. 2004;19:143\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00046.2004.","journal-title":"Physiol Genom"},{"key":"2300_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.11.008","volume":"98","author":"A Franz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Franz A, Behringer M, Nosaka K, et al. Mechanisms underpinning protection against eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage by ischemic preconditioning. Med Hypotheses. 2017;98:21\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.11.008.","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"issue":"2","key":"2300_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1161\/01.res.79.2.237","volume":"79","author":"LR Dekker","year":"1996","unstructured":"Dekker LR, Fiolet JW, VanBavel E, et al. Intracellular Ca2+, intercellular electrical coupling, and mechanical activity in ischemic rabbit papillary muscle. Effects of preconditioning and metabolic blockade. Circ Res. 1996;79(2):237\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.res.79.2.237.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2300_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.07.007","volume":"8","author":"S Shi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shi S, Yang W, Tu X, et al. Ischemic preconditioning reduces ischemic brain injury by suppressing nuclear factor kappa B expression and neuronal apoptosis. Neural Regen Res. 2013;8:633\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3969\/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.07.007.","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"2300_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-8-46","volume":"8","author":"T Murphy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Murphy T, Walsh PM, Doran PP, et al. Transcriptional responses in the adaptation to ischaemia-reperfusion injury: a study of the effect of ischaemic preconditioning in total knee arthroplasty patients. J Transl Med. 2010;8:46. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1479-5876-8-46.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"2300_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001406","volume":"50","author":"A Franz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Franz A, Behringer M, Harmsen J-F, et al. Ischemic preconditioning blunts muscle damage responses induced by eccentric exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2018;50:109\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001406.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"2300_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2024.133664","volume":"41","author":"JM Oliva-Lozano","year":"2024","unstructured":"Oliva-Lozano JM, Patterson SD, Chiampas G, et al. Blood flow restriction as a post-exercise recovery strategy: a systematic review of the current status of the literature. Biol Sport. 2024;41:191\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5114\/biolsport.2024.133664.","journal-title":"Biol Sport"},{"key":"2300_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-009-1195-2","volume":"108","author":"PCE de Groot","year":"2010","unstructured":"de Groot PCE, Thijssen DHJ, Sanchez M, et al. Ischemic preconditioning improves maximal performance in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2010;108:141\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-009-1195-2.","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2300_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3923\/jms.2005.89.94","volume":"5","author":"AS Haffor","year":"2025","unstructured":"Haffor AS, Al-Johany AM. Effect of heat stress, hypoxia and hypoxia-hyperoxia on free radical production in mice Mus musculus. J Med Sci. 2025;5:89\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3923\/jms.2005.89.94.","journal-title":"J Med Sci"},{"key":"2300_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.2478\/s11535-008-0016-7","volume":"3","author":"OA Gonchar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gonchar OA. Effects of intermittent hypoxia different regimes on mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and glutathione-redox balance in stressed rats. Open Life Sci. 2008;3:233\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/s11535-008-0016-7.","journal-title":"Open Life Sci"},{"key":"2300_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s40846-018-0397-7","volume":"39","author":"JA McEwen","year":"2019","unstructured":"McEwen JA, Owens JG, Jeyasurya J. Why is it crucial to use personalized occlusion pressures in blood flow restriction (BFR) rehabilitation? J Med Biol Eng. 2019;39:173\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40846-018-0397-7.","journal-title":"J Med Biol Eng"},{"key":"2300_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00533","author":"SD Patterson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Patterson SD, Hughes L, Warmington S, et al. Blood flow restriction exercise: considerations of methodology, application, and safety. Front Physiol. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2019.00533.","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"2300_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6289380","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6289380","volume":"2019","author":"C-Y Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen C-Y, Chou W-Y, Ko J-Y, et al. Early recovery of exercise-related muscular injury by HBOT. Biomed Res Int. 2019;2019:6289380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/6289380.","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"2300_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17207377","volume":"17","author":"J Woo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Woo J, Min J-H, Lee Y-H, et al. Effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on inflammation, oxidative\/antioxidant balance, and muscle damage after acute exercise in normobaric, normoxic and hypobaric, hypoxic environments: a pilot study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17:7377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17207377.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"}],"container-title":["Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40279-025-02300-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40279-025-02300-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40279-025-02300-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T11:09:55Z","timestamp":1761908995000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40279-025-02300-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]},"references-count":166,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["2300"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-025-02300-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0112-1642","1179-2035"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0112-1642","type":"print"},{"value":"1179-2035","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 August 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 September 2025","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Y. Rousse received funding through a Ph.D. scholarship under a CIFRE contract (no. 2024\/1197).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Funding"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest relevant to the content of this review.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable. This article is a comprehensive literature review and does not include original data.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Availability of data and material"}},{"value":"Not applicable. This article is a comprehensive literature review and does not involve human participants or biological material.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Code availability"}},{"value":"Rousse Y, Sautillet B, Costalat G, Brocherie F and Millet GP contributed to the development of this manuscript. G.P.M. and Y.R. conceptualised the study, Y.R. performed the search and selection of the articles, Y.R. wrote the first draft with B.S. and G.C. All authors revised the manuscript, and all authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.","order":9,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Author contributions"}}]}}