{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T03:14:45Z","timestamp":1793762085299,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":142,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764806400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-025-02344-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T06:42:29Z","timestamp":1764830549000},"page":"481-505","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["The Resistance Training Dose Response: Meta-Regressions Exploring the Effects of Weekly Volume and Frequency on Muscle Hypertrophy and Strength Gains"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5962-9603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua C.","family":"Pelland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5227-6541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob F.","family":"Remmert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1672-2903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zac P.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seth R.","family":"Hinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3265-7683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael C.","family":"Zourdos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"2344_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2016.1210197","volume":"35","author":"BJ Schoenfeld","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schoenfeld BJ, Ogborn D, Krieger JW. Dose-response relationship between weekly resistance training volume and increases in muscle mass: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sports Sci. 2017;35(11):1073\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02640414.2016.1210197.","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2344_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.17338\/trainology.12.2_29","volume":"12","author":"S Buckner","year":"2023","unstructured":"Buckner S, Moreno E, Baxter HT. The dose-response relationship between resistance training volume and muscle hypertrophy: there are still doubts. J Trainology. 2023;12(2):29\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17338\/trainology.12.2_29.","journal-title":"J Trainology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2344_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002776","volume":"35","author":"E Baz-Valle","year":"2021","unstructured":"Baz-Valle E, Fontes-Villalba M, Santos-Concejero J. Total number of sets as a training volume quantification method for muscle hypertrophy: a systematic review. J Strength Cond Res. 2021;35(3):870\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002776.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"2344_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47206\/ijsc.v1i1.81","author":"B Schoenfeld","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schoenfeld B, Fisher J, Grgic J, Haun C, Helms E, Phillips S, et al. Resistance training recommendations to maximize muscle hypertrophy in an athletic population: position stand of the IUSCA. Int J Strength Cond. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.47206\/ijsc.v1i1.81.","journal-title":"Int J Strength Cond."},{"key":"2344_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.2478\/hukin-2022-0017","volume":"81","author":"E Baz-Valle","year":"2022","unstructured":"Baz-Valle E, Balsalobre-Fern\u00e1ndez C, Alix-Fages C, Santos-Concejero J. A systematic review of the effects of different resistance training volumes on muscle hypertrophy. J Hum Kinet. 2022;81:199\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/hukin-2022-0017.","journal-title":"J Hum Kinet"},{"issue":"4","key":"2344_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181d4d436","volume":"24","author":"JW Krieger","year":"2010","unstructured":"Krieger JW. Single vs. multiple sets of resistance exercise for muscle hypertrophy: a meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res. 2010;24(4):1150\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181d4d436.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"2344_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2585","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-017-0762-7","volume":"47","author":"GW Ralston","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ralston GW, Kilgore L, Wyatt FB, Baker JS. The effect of weekly set volume on strength gain: a meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2017;47(12):2585\u2013601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-017-0762-7.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2344_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2331","volume":"25","author":"P Royston","year":"2006","unstructured":"Royston P, Altman DG, Sauerbrei W. Dichotomizing continuous predictors in multiple regression: a bad idea. Stat Med. 2006;25(1):127\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sim.2331.","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2344_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A2425","volume":"32","author":"O Naggara","year":"2011","unstructured":"Naggara O, Raymond J, Guilbert F, Roy D, Weill A, Altman DG. Analysis by categorizing or dichotomizing continuous variables is inadvisable: an example from the natural history of unruptured aneurysms. Am J Neuroradiol. 2011;32(3):437\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3174\/ajnr.A2425.","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2344_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2677","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003234","volume":"35","author":"P Mannarino","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mannarino P, Matta T, Lima J, Sim\u00e3o R, Freitas de Salles B. Single-joint exercise results in higher hypertrophy of elbow flexors than multijoint exercise. J Strength Cond Res. 2021;35(10):2677\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003234.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"2344_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003550","volume":"34","author":"L Brand\u00e3o","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brand\u00e3o L, de Salles Painelli V, Lasevicius T, Silva-Batista C, Brendon H, Schoenfeld BJ, et al. Varying the order of combinations of single- and multi-joint exercises differentially affects resistance training adaptations. J Strength Cond Res. 2020;34(5):1254\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003550.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"2344_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.3390\/sports7070177","volume":"7","author":"B Schoenfeld","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schoenfeld B, Grgic J, Haun C, Itagaki T, Helms E. Calculating set-volume for the limb muscles with the performance of multi-joint exercises: implications for resistance training prescription. Sports. 2019;7(7):177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sports7070177.","journal-title":"Sports"},{"issue":"2","key":"2344_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/asjsm.24057","volume":"6","author":"P Gentil","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gentil P, Soares S, Bottaro M. Single vs. multi-joint resistance exercises: effects on muscle strength and hypertrophy. Asian J Sports Med. 2015;6(2):e24057. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5812\/asjsm.24057.","journal-title":"Asian J Sports Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"2344_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2018.1555906","volume":"37","author":"BJ Schoenfeld","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schoenfeld BJ, Grgic J, Krieger J. How many times per week should a muscle be trained to maximize muscle hypertrophy? A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies examining the effects of resistance training frequency. J Sports Sci. 2019;37(11):1286\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02640414.2018.1555906.","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"2344_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-016-0543-8","volume":"46","author":"BJ Schoenfeld","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schoenfeld BJ, Ogborn D, Krieger JW. Effects of resistance training frequency on measures of muscle hypertrophy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2016;46(11):1689\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-016-0543-8.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2344_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-018-0149-9","volume":"4","author":"GW Ralston","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ralston GW, Kilgore L, Wyatt FB, Buchan D, Baker JS. Weekly training frequency effects on strength gain: a meta-analysis. Sports Med Open. 2018;4(1):36. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40798-018-0149-9.","journal-title":"Sports Med Open"},{"issue":"5","key":"2344_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-018-0872-x","volume":"48","author":"J Grgic","year":"2018","unstructured":"Grgic J, Schoenfeld BJ, Davies TB, Lazinica B, Krieger JW, Pedisic Z. Effect of resistance training frequency on gains in muscular strength: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2018;48(5):1207\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-018-0872-x.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"2344_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-021-01460-7","volume":"51","author":"M Cuthbert","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cuthbert M, Haff GG, Arent SM, Ripley N, McMahon JJ, Evans M, et al. Effects of variations in resistance training frequency on strength development in well-trained populations and implications for in-season athlete training: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2021;51(9):1967\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-021-01460-7.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"18","key":"2344_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2023-106807","volume":"57","author":"BS Currier","year":"2023","unstructured":"Currier BS, Mcleod JC, Banfield L, Beyene J, Welton NJ, D\u2019Souza AC, et al. Resistance training prescription for muscle strength and hypertrophy in healthy adults: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2023;57(18):1211\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2023-106807.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"2344_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000100","volume":"21","author":"A Liberati","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, Mulrow C, G\u00f8tzsche PC, Ioannidis JPA, et al. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration. PLoS Med. 2009;21:e1000100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000100.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2344_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vigotsky AD, Nuckols GL, Fisher J, Heathers J, Krieger J, Schoenfeld BJ, et al. Improbable data patterns in the work of Barbalho et al. 2020. Available from: https:\/\/osf.io\/sg3wm. Accessed 30 Jul 2024.","DOI":"10.31236\/osf.io\/sg3wm"},{"issue":"1","key":"2344_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1097\/XEB.0000000000000020","volume":"13","author":"NA Smart","year":"2015","unstructured":"Smart NA, Waldron M, Ismail H, Giallauria F, Vigorito C, Cornelissen V, et al. Validation of a new tool for the assessment of study quality and reporting in exercise training studies: TESTEX. Int J Evid Based Healthc. 2015;13(1):9\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/XEB.0000000000000020.","journal-title":"Int J Evid Based Healthc"},{"issue":"3","key":"2344_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1340","volume":"10","author":"L Lin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lin L. Graphical augmentations to sample-size-based funnel plot in meta-analysis. Res Synth Methods. 2019;10(3):376\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jrsm.1340.","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"2344_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.13724","volume":"13","author":"S Nakagawa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nakagawa S, Lagisz M, Jennions MD, Koricheva J, Noble DWA, Parker TH, et al. Methods for testing publication bias in ecological and evolutionary meta-analyses. Methods Ecol Evol. 2022;13(1):4\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/2041-210X.13724.","journal-title":"Methods Ecol Evol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2344_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199610000-00016","volume":"28","author":"DB Starkey","year":"1996","unstructured":"Starkey DB, Pollock ML, Ishida Y, Welsch MA, Brechue WF, Graves JE, et al. Effect of resistance training volume on strength and muscle thickness. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1996;28(10):1311\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005768-199610000-00016.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"7","key":"2344_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-015-3141-9","volume":"115","author":"LC Barcelos","year":"2015","unstructured":"Barcelos LC, Nunes PRP, de Souza LRMF, de Oliveira AA, Furlanetto R, Marocolo M, et al. Low-load resistance training promotes muscular adaptation regardless of vascular occlusion, load, or volume. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2015;115(7):1559\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-015-3141-9.","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2344_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1519\/R-22356.1","volume":"21","author":"SB Kelly","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kelly SB, Brown LE, Coburn JW, Zinder SM, Gardner LM, Nguyen D. The effect of single versus multiple sets on strength. J Strength Cond Res. 2007;21(4):1003\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/R-22356.1.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2344_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2016-0253","volume":"27","author":"L Shigaki","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shigaki L, Ara\u00fajo CGA, Calderon MG, Costa TKC, Aguiar AF, Costa LOP, et al. Effects of volume training on strength and endurance of back muscles: a randomized controlled trial. J Sport Rehabil. 2018;27(4):340\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/jsr.2016-0253.","journal-title":"J Sport Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"2344_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210050419","volume":"78","author":"TJ Carroll","year":"1998","unstructured":"Carroll TJ, Abernethy PJ, Logan PA, Barber M, McEniery MT. Resistance training frequency: strength and myosin heavy chain responses to two and three bouts per week. Eur J Appl Physiol. 1998;78(3):270\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s004210050419.","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2344_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3182736d10","volume":"27","author":"F Naclerio","year":"2013","unstructured":"Naclerio F, Faigenbaum AD, Larumbe-Zabala E, Perez-Bibao T, Kang J, Ratamess NA, et al. Effects of different resistance training volumes on strength and power in team sport athletes. J Strength Cond Res. 2013;27(7):1832\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3182736d10.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"2344_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-003-0930-3","volume":"90","author":"JM McBride","year":"2003","unstructured":"McBride JM, Blaak JB, Triplett-McBride T. Effect of resistance exercise volume and complexity on EMG, strength, and regional body composition. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2003;90(5\u20136):626\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-003-0930-3.","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2344_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.5923\/j.sports.20180801.04","volume":"8","author":"R Serra","year":"2018","unstructured":"Serra R, Saavedra F, Jotta B, Novaes J, Cardozo D, Alves H, et al. The influence weekly resistance training frequency on strength and body composition. Int J Sports Sci. 2018;8(1):19\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5923\/j.sports.20180801.04.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Sci"},{"issue":"02","key":"2344_CR33","first-page":"112","volume":"05","author":"H Arazi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Arazi H, Asadi A. Effects of 8 weeks equal-volume resistance training with different workout frequency on maximal strength, endurance and body composition. Int J Sports Sci Eng. 2011;05(02):112\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Sci Eng"},{"issue":"2","key":"2344_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1519\/R-21596.1","volume":"21","author":"H Humburg","year":"2007","unstructured":"Humburg H, Baars H, Schr\u00f6der J, Reer R, Braumann KM. 1-set vs. 3-set resistance training: a crossover study. J Strength Cond Res. 2007;21(2):578\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/R-21596.1.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2344_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e114","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12036","volume":"23","author":"J Mart\u00edn-Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mart\u00edn-Hern\u00e1ndez J, Mar\u00edn PJ, Men\u00e9ndez H, Ferrero C, Loenneke JP, Herrero AJ. Muscular adaptations after two different volumes of blood flow-restricted training. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2013;23(2):e114\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sms.12036.","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"issue":"6","key":"2344_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1024942","volume":"10","author":"RW Braith","year":"1989","unstructured":"Braith RW, Graves JE, Pollock ML, Leggett SL, Carpenter DM, Colvin AB. Comparison of 2 vs 3 days\/week of variable resistance training during 10- and 18-week programs. Int J Sports Med. 1989;10(6):450\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2007-1024942.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2344_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/s0003-9993(97)90012-5","volume":"78","author":"PL DeMichele","year":"1997","unstructured":"DeMichele PL, Pollock ML, Graves JE, Foster DN, Carpenter D, Garzarella L, et al. Isometric torso rotation strength: effect of training frequency on its development. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1997;78(1):64\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0003-9993(97)90012-5.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"17","key":"2344_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2023.2286748","volume":"41","author":"J Steele","year":"2023","unstructured":"Steele J, Fisher JP, Smith D, Schoenfeld BJ, Yang Y, Nakagawa S. Meta-analysis of variation in sport and exercise science: examples of application within resistance training research. J Sports Sci. 2023;41(17):1617\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02640414.2023.2286748.","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"issue":"7748","key":"2344_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-019-00857-9","volume":"567","author":"V Amrhein","year":"2019","unstructured":"Amrhein V, Greenland S, McShane B. Scientists rise up against statistical significance. Nature. 2019;567(7748):305\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/d41586-019-00857-9.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6522","key":"2344_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.292.6522.746","volume":"292","author":"MJ Gardner","year":"1986","unstructured":"Gardner MJ, Altman DG. Confidence intervals rather than P values: estimation rather than hypothesis testing. Br Med J Clin Res Ed. 1986;292(6522):746\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.292.6522.746.","journal-title":"Br Med J Clin Res Ed"},{"issue":"27","key":"2344_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5197","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.8360","volume":"38","author":"IR White","year":"2019","unstructured":"White IR, Turner RM, Karahalios A, Salanti G. A comparison of arm-based and contrast-based models for network meta-analysis. Stat Med. 2019;38(27):5197\u2013213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sim.8360.","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2344_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280218773122","volume":"28","author":"A Crippa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Crippa A, Discacciati A, Bottai M, Spiegelman D, Orsini N. One-stage dose\u2013response meta-analysis for aggregated data. Stat Methods Med Res. 2019;28(5):1579\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0962280218773122.","journal-title":"Stat Methods Med Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2344_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1177\/1094428106291059","volume":"11","author":"SB Morris","year":"2008","unstructured":"Morris SB. Estimating effect sizes from pretest-posttest-control group designs. Organ Res Methods. 2008;11(2):364\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1094428106291059.","journal-title":"Organ Res Methods"},{"issue":"11","key":"2344_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1890\/11-0423.1","volume":"92","author":"MJ Lajeunesse","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lajeunesse MJ. On the meta-analysis of response ratios for studies with correlated and multi-group designs. Ecology. 2011;92(11):2049\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1890\/11-0423.1.","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"2344_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yang Y, Williams C, Senior AM, Morrison K, Ricolfi L, Pan J, et al. Bivariate multilevel meta-analysis of log response ratio and standardized mean difference for robust and reproducible environmental and biological sciences. 2024. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2024.05.13.594019. Accessed 1 Aug 2024.","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.05.13.594019"},{"key":"2344_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, et al., editors. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. 1st ed. Wiley; 2019. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781119536604. Accessed 1 Aug 2024.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119536604"},{"issue":"2","key":"2344_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.14144","volume":"26","author":"S Nakagawa","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nakagawa S, Noble DWA, Lagisz M, Spake R, Viechtbauer W, Senior AM. A robust and readily implementable method for the meta-analysis of response ratios with and without missing standard deviations. Ecol Lett. 2023;26(2):232\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ele.14144.","journal-title":"Ecol Lett"},{"issue":"2","key":"2344_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2041-210x.2012.00261.x","volume":"4","author":"S Nakagawa","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nakagawa S, Schielzeth H. A general and simple method for obtaining R 2 from generalized linear mixed-effects models. Methods Ecol Evol. 2013;4(2):133\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.2041-210x.2012.00261.x.","journal-title":"Methods Ecol Evol"},{"issue":"60","key":"2344_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.03139","volume":"6","author":"D L\u00fcdecke","year":"2021","unstructured":"L\u00fcdecke D, Ben-Shachar M, Patil I, Waggoner P, Makowski D. Performance: an R package for assessment, comparison and testing of statistical models. J Open Source Softw. 2021;6(60):3139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21105\/joss.03139.","journal-title":"J Open Source Softw"},{"key":"2344_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lenth RV. emmeans: estimated marginal means, aka least-squares means. 2017: p. 1.10.3. Available from: https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=emmeans. cited 2024 Aug 1].","DOI":"10.32614\/CRAN.package.emmeans"},{"issue":"2","key":"2344_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X20983315","volume":"41","author":"H Pedder","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pedder H, Dias S, Bennetts M, Boucher M, Welton NJ. Joining the dots: linking disconnected networks of eeidence using dose-response model-based network meta-analysis. Med Decis Making. 2021;41(2):194\u2013208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0272989X20983315.","journal-title":"Med Decis Making"},{"issue":"430","key":"2344_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1995.10476572","volume":"90","author":"RE Kass","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kass RE, Raftery AE. Bayes factors. J Am Stat Assoc. 1995;90(430):773\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01621459.1995.10476572.","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"2344_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cl2.1230","volume":"18","author":"NR Haddaway","year":"2022","unstructured":"Haddaway NR, Page MJ, Pritchard CC, McGuinness LA. PRISMA2020\u202f: an R package and Shiny app for producing PRISMA 2020-compliant flow diagrams, with interactivity for optimised digital transparency and open synthesis. Campbell Syst Rev. 2022;18(2):e1230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cl2.1230.","journal-title":"Campbell Syst Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"2344_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3109","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001747","volume":"31","author":"T Amirthalingam","year":"2017","unstructured":"Amirthalingam T, Mavros Y, Wilson GC, Clarke JL, Mitchell L, Hackett DA. Effects of a modified German volume training program on muscular hypertrophy and strength. J Strength Cond Res. 2017;31(11):3109\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001747.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"2344_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003668","volume":"36","author":"AR Longo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Longo AR, Silva-Batista C, Pedroso K, de Salles Painelli V, Lasevicius T, Schoenfeld BJ, et al. Volume load rather than resting interval influences muscle hypertrophy during high-intensity resistance training. J Strength Cond Res. 2022;36(6):1554\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003668.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"2344_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2017.1298673","volume":"17","author":"LD Tavares","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tavares LD, de Souza EO, Ugrinowitsch C, Laurentino GC, Roschel H, Aihara AY, et al. Effects of different strength training frequencies during reduced training period on strength and muscle cross-sectional area. Eur J Sport Sci. 2017;17(6):665\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17461391.2017.1298673.","journal-title":"Eur J Sport Sci"},{"key":"2344_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.878","volume":"3","author":"J Steele","year":"2015","unstructured":"Steele J, Fitzpatrick A, Bruce-Low S, Fisher J. The effects of set volume during isolated lumbar extension resistance training in recreationally trained males. PeerJ. 2015;3:e878. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.878.","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"2344_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1519\/00124278-200702000-00028","volume":"21","author":"BR R\u00f8nnestad","year":"2007","unstructured":"R\u00f8nnestad BR, Egeland W, Kvamme NH, Refsnes PE, Kadi F, Raastad T. Dissimilar effects of one- and three-set strength training on strength and muscle mass gains in upper and lower body in untrained subjects. J Strength Cond Res. 2007;21(1):157\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/00124278-200702000-00028.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"2344_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3007","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-011-1944-x","volume":"111","author":"PWM Marshall","year":"2011","unstructured":"Marshall PWM, McEwen M, Robbins DW. Strength and neuromuscular adaptation following one, four, and eight sets of high intensity resistance exercise in trained males. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2011;111(12):3007\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-011-1944-x.","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2344_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31744\/einstein_journal\/2021AO5781","volume":"19","author":"AL Evangelista","year":"2021","unstructured":"Evangelista AL, Braz TV, La Scala Teixeira CV, Rica RL, Alonso AC, Barbosa WA, et al. Split or full-body workout routine: which is best to increase muscle strength and hypertrophy? Einstein (S\u00e3o Paulo). 2021;19:eAO5781. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31744\/einstein_journal\/2021AO5781.","journal-title":"Einstein (S\u00e3o Paulo)"},{"issue":"10","key":"2344_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0276154","volume":"17","author":"RP Neves","year":"2022","unstructured":"Neves RP, Vechin FC, Teixeira EL, da Silva DD, Ugrinowitsch C, Roschel H, et al. Effect of different training frequencies on maximal strength performance and muscle hypertrophy in trained individuals-a within-subject design. PLoS ONE. 2022;17(10):e0276154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0276154.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"2344_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.23736\/S0022-4707.21.12118-8","volume":"62","author":"DA Corr\u00eaa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Corr\u00eaa DA, Brigatto FA, Braz TV, DE Carmargo JB, Aoki MS, Marchetti PH, et al. Twice-daily sessions result in a greater muscle strength and a similar muscle hypertrophy compared to once-daily session in resistance-trained men. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2022;62(3):324\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23736\/S0022-4707.21.12118-8.","journal-title":"J Sports Med Phys Fitness"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"2344_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S140","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002643","volume":"33","author":"RS Zaroni","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zaroni RS, Brigatto FA, Schoenfeld BJ, Braz TV, Benvenutti JC, Germano MD, et al. High resistance-training frequency enhances muscle thickness in resistance-trained Men. J Strength Cond Res. 2019;33(Suppl. 1):S140\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002643.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2344_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1519\/00124278-200702000-00037","volume":"21","author":"DG Candow","year":"2007","unstructured":"Candow DG, Burke DG. Effect of short-term equal-volume resistance training with different workout frequency on muscle mass and strength in untrained men and women. J Strength Cond Res. 2007;21(1):204\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/00124278-200702000-00037.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"2344_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002414","volume":"32","author":"RJ Colquhoun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Colquhoun RJ, Gai CM, Aguilar D, Bove D, Dolan J, Vargas A, et al. Training volume, not frequency, indicative of maximal strength adaptations to resistance training. J Strength Cond Res. 2018;32(5):1207\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002414.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"2344_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.5020","volume":"6","author":"P Gentil","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gentil P, Fisher J, Steele J, Campos MH, Silva MH, Paoli A, et al. Effects of equal-volume resistance training with different training frequencies in muscle size and strength in trained men. PeerJ. 2018;6:e5020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.5020.","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"2344_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001764","volume":"51","author":"BJ Schoenfeld","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schoenfeld BJ, Contreras B, Krieger J, Grgic J, Delcastillo K, Belliard R, et al. Resistance training volume enhances muscle hypertrophy but not strength in trained men. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2019;51(1):94\u2013103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001764.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"2344_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S130","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002559","volume":"33","author":"GK Gomes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gomes GK, Franco CM, Nunes PRP, Orsatti FL. High-frequency resistance training is not more effective than low-frequency resistance training in increasing muscle mass and strength in well-trained men. J Strength Cond Res. 2019;33(Suppl. 1):S130\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002559.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"2344_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003145","volume":"35","author":"CMC Franco","year":"2021","unstructured":"Franco CMC, Carneiro MAS, de Sousa JFR, Gomes GK, Orsatti FL. Influence of high- and low-frequency resistance training on lean body mass and muscle strength gains in untrained men. J Strength Cond Res. 2021;35(8):2089\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003145.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2344_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/sports11010011","volume":"11","author":"G Kumar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kumar G, Pandey V, Thapa RK, Weldon A, Granacher U, Ramirez-Campillo R. Effects of exercise frequency with complex contrast training on measures of physical fitness in active adult males. Sports. 2023;11(1):11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sports11010011.","journal-title":"Sports"},{"key":"2344_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.10537","volume":"9","author":"H Arazi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Arazi H, Asadi A, Gentil P, Ram\u00edrez-Campillo R, Jahangiri P, Ghorbani A, et al. Effects of different resistance training frequencies on body composition and muscular performance adaptations in men. PeerJ. 2021;9:e10537. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.10537.","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"2344_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003413","volume":"36","author":"FA Brigatto","year":"2022","unstructured":"Brigatto FA, de Lima LEM, Germano MD, Aoki MS, Braz TV, Lopes CR. High resistance-training volume enhances muscle thickness in resistance-trained men. J Strength Cond Res. 2022;36(1):22\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003413.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"2344_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2653","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31822dcd96","volume":"25","author":"BR R\u00f8nnestad","year":"2011","unstructured":"R\u00f8nnestad BR, Nymark BS, Raastad T. Effects of in-season strength maintenance training frequency in professional soccer players. J Strength Cond Res. 2011;25(10):2653\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31822dcd96.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"2344_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.789403","volume":"12","author":"H Hamarsland","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hamarsland H, Moen H, Skaar OJ, Jorang PW, R\u00f8dahl HS, R\u00f8nnestad BR. Equal-volume strength training with different training frequencies induces similar muscle hypertrophy and strength improvement in trained participants. Front Physiol. 2021;12:789403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2021.789403.","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2344_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000758","volume":"29","author":"R Radaelli","year":"2015","unstructured":"Radaelli R, Fleck SJ, Leite T, Leite RD, Pinto RS, Fernandes L, et al. Dose-response of 1, 3, and 5 sets of resistance exercise on strength, local muscular endurance, and hypertrophy. J Strength Cond Res. 2015;29(5):1349\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000758.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2344_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1519\/1533-4287(2003)017<0115:tiovoe>2.0.co;2","volume":"17","author":"G Paulsen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Paulsen G, Myklestad D, Raastad T. The influence of volume of exercise on early adaptations to strength training. J Strength Cond Res. 2003;17(1):115\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/1533-4287(2003)017%3c0115:tiovoe%3e2.0.co;2.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2344_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/sports6010007","volume":"6","author":"DA Hackett","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hackett DA, Amirthalingam T, Mitchell L, Mavros Y, Wilson GC, Halaki M. Effects of a 12-week modified German volume training program on muscle strength and hypertrophy: a pilot study. Sports. 2018;6(1):7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sports6010007.","journal-title":"Sports"},{"key":"2344_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.2478\/hukin-2019-0062","volume":"68","author":"T Lasevicius","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lasevicius T, Schoenfeld BJ, Grgic J, Laurentino G, Tavares LD, Tricoli V. Similar muscular adaptations in resistance training performed two versus three days per week. J Hum Kinet. 2019;68:135\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/hukin-2019-0062.","journal-title":"J Hum Kinet"},{"issue":"8","key":"2344_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2104","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002563","volume":"33","author":"FA Brigatto","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brigatto FA, Braz TV, da Zanini TCC, Germano MD, Aoki MS, Schoenfeld BJ, et al. Effect of resistance training frequency on neuromuscular performance and muscle morphology after 8 weeks in trained men. J Strength Cond Res. 2019;33(8):2104\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002563.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"2344_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.10781","volume":"9","author":"E Johnsen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Johnsen E, van den Tillaar R. Effects of training frequency on muscular strength for trained men under volume matched conditions. PeerJ. 2021;9:e10781. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.10781.","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"7","key":"2344_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000970","volume":"29","author":"BJ Schoenfeld","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schoenfeld BJ, Ratamess NA, Peterson MD, Contreras B, Tiryaki-Sonmez G. Influence of resistance training frequency on muscular adaptations in well-trained men. J Strength Cond Res. 2015;29(7):1821\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000970.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"2344_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0206784","volume":"13","author":"LS Fortes","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fortes LS, Costa MC, Ferreira MEC, Nascimento-J\u00fanior JRA, Fiorese L, Lima-J\u00fanior DRAA, et al. Frequency of resistance training does not affect inhibitory control or improve strength in well-trained young adults. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(11):e0206784. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0206784.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"2344_CR83","first-page":"144","volume":"55","author":"P Gentil","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gentil P, Fischer B, Martorelli AS, Lima RM, Bottaro M. Effects of equal-volume resistance training performed one or two times a week in upper body muscle size and strength of untrained young men. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2015;55(3):144\u20139.","journal-title":"J Sports Med Phys Fitness"},{"issue":"3","key":"2344_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2018-0427","volume":"14","author":"SR Heaselgrave","year":"2019","unstructured":"Heaselgrave SR, Blacker J, Smeuninx B, McKendry J, Breen L. Dose-response relationship of weekly resistance-training volume and frequency on muscular adaptations in trained men. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2019;14(3):360\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/ijspp.2018-0427.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"issue":"2","key":"2344_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.70252\/HDLQ5133","volume":"9","author":"MH Thomas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Thomas MH, Burns SP. Increasing lean mass and strength: a comparison of high frequency strength training to lower frequency strength training. Int J Exerc Sci. 2016;9(2):159\u201367.","journal-title":"Int J Exerc Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"2344_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2018.1476590","volume":"18","author":"C Barcelos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Barcelos C, Damas F, N\u00f3brega SR, Ugrinowitsch C, Lixandr\u00e3o ME, Marcelino Eder Dos Santos L, et al. High-frequency resistance training does not promote greater muscular adaptations compared to low frequencies in young untrained men. Eur J Sport Sci. 2018;18(8):1077\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17461391.2018.1476590.","journal-title":"Eur J Sport Sci"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"2344_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S122","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002909","volume":"33","author":"J Saric","year":"2019","unstructured":"Saric J, Lisica D, Orlic I, Grgic J, Krieger JW, Vuk S, et al. Resistance training frequencies of 3 and 6 times per week produce similar muscular adaptations in resistance-trained men. J Strength Cond Res. 2019;33(Suppl. 1):S122\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002909.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2344_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200001000-00035","volume":"32","author":"CJ Hass","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hass CJ, Garzarella L, de Hoyos D, Pollock ML. Single versus multiple sets in long-term recreational weightlifters. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000;32(1):235\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005768-200001000-00035.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"3","key":"2344_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003524","volume":"36","author":"D Aube","year":"2022","unstructured":"Aube D, Wadhi T, Rauch J, Anand A, Barakat C, Pearson J, et al. Progressive resistance training volume: effects on muscle thickness, mass, and strength adaptations in resistance-trained individuals. J Strength Cond Res. 2022;36(3):600\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003524.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2344_CR90","first-page":"525","volume":"16","author":"MR Rhea","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rhea MR, Alvar BA, Ball SD, Burkett LN. Three sets of weight training superior to 1 set with equal intensity for eliciting strength. J Strength Cond Res. 2002;16(4):525\u20139.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"2344_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2017-0575","volume":"43","author":"FL Yue","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yue FL, Karsten B, Larumbe-Zabala E, Seijo M, Naclerio F. Comparison of 2 weekly-equalized volume resistance-training routines using different frequencies on body composition and performance in trained males. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2018;43(5):475\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/apnm-2017-0575.","journal-title":"Appl Physiol Nutr Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2344_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3182679215","volume":"27","author":"H Sooneste","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sooneste H, Tanimoto M, Kakigi R, Saga N, Katamoto S. Effects of training volume on strength and hypertrophy in young men. J Strength Cond Res. 2013;27(1):8\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3182679215.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"2344_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/615901","volume":"2013","author":"JS Baker","year":"2013","unstructured":"Baker JS, Davies B, Cooper SM, Wong DP, Buchan DS, Kilgore L. Strength and body composition changes in recreationally strength-trained individuals: comparison of one versus three sets resistance-training programmes. BioMed Res Int. 2013;2013:615901. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/615901.","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"2344_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scispo.2010.09.009","volume":"26","author":"M Bottaro","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bottaro M, Veloso J, Wagner D, Gentil P. Resistance training for strength and muscle thickness: effect of number of sets and muscle group trained. Sci Sports. 2011;26(5):259\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scispo.2010.09.009.","journal-title":"Sci Sports"},{"issue":"3","key":"2344_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1519\/1533-4287(2000)014<0273:CODADP>2.0.CO;2","volume":"14","author":"JRJR McLester","year":"2000","unstructured":"McLester JRJR, Bishop E, Guilliams ME. Comparison of 1 day and 3 days per week of equal-volume resistance training in experienced subjects. J Strength Cond Res. 2000;14(3):273\u201381.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2344_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00307.2012","volume":"113","author":"CJ Mitchell","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mitchell CJ, Churchward-Venne TA, West DWD, Burd NA, Breen L, Baker SK, et al. Resistance exercise load does not determine training-mediated hypertrophic gains in young men. J Appl Physiol. 2012;113(1):71\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00307.2012.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2344_CR97","first-page":"148","volume":"11","author":"KJ Ostrowski","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ostrowski KJ, Wilson GJ, Weatherby R, Murphy PW, Lyttle AD. The effect of weight training volume on hormonal output and muscular size and function. J Strength Cond Res. 1997;11(3):148\u201354.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2344_CR98","first-page":"284","volume":"15","author":"A Schlumberger","year":"2001","unstructured":"Schlumberger A, Stec J, Schmidtbleicher D. Single- vs. multiple-set strength training in women. J Strength Cond Res. 2001;15(3):284\u20139.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"2344_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00744","volume":"9","author":"E Ochi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ochi E, Maruo M, Tsuchiya Y, Ishii N, Miura K, Sasaki K. Higher training frequency is important for gaining muscular strength under volume-matched training. Front Physiol. 2018;9:744. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2018.00744.","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2344_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.14237","volume":"33","author":"C Roth","year":"2023","unstructured":"Roth C, Schwiete C, Happ K, Rettenmaier L, Schoenfeld BJ, Behringer M. Resistance training volume does not influence lean mass preservation during energy restriction in trained males. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2023;33(1):20\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sms.14237.","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"issue":"5","key":"2344_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1353216","volume":"35","author":"H Reba\u00ef","year":"2014","unstructured":"Reba\u00ef H, Chtourou H, Zarrouk N, Harzallah A, Kanoun I, Dogui M, et al. Reducing resistance training volume during Ramadan improves muscle strength and power in football players. Int J Sports Med. 2014;35(5):432\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0033-1353216.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2344_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1113\/JP278455","volume":"598","author":"D Hammarstr\u00f6m","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hammarstr\u00f6m D, \u00d8fsteng S, Koll L, Hanestadhaugen M, Hollan I, Apr\u00f3 W, et al. Benefits of higher resistance-training volume are related to ribosome biogenesis. J Physiol. 2020;598(3):543\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/JP278455.","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2344_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000003317","volume":"56","author":"A Enes","year":"2024","unstructured":"Enes A, DE Souza EO, Souza-Junior TP. Effects of different weekly set progressions on muscular adaptations in trained males: is there a dose-response effect? Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2024;56(3):553\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0000000000003317.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"12","key":"2344_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1113\/JP284442","volume":"601","author":"K Van Vossel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Van Vossel K, Hardeel J, Van de Casteele F, Van der Stede T, Weyns A, Boone J, et al. Can muscle typology explain the inter-individual variability in resistance training adaptations? J Physiol. 2023;601(12):2307\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/JP284442.","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"2344_CR105","unstructured":"Kennedy KG, Schwarz NA, Mota JA, Colquhoun RJ. No differences in strength improvements following low- or high-volume resistance training. In: International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings 2023. Available from: https:\/\/digitalcommons.wku.edu\/ijesab\/vol2\/iss15\/41. Accessed 5 Nov 2025."},{"issue":"5","key":"2344_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsc.12055","volume":"24","author":"H Pedersen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pedersen H, Iversen VM, Vereide PF, Stien N, Saeterbakken AH, Fimland MS, et al. High-frequency resistance training improves maximal lower-limb strength more than low frequency. Eur J Sport Sci. 2024;24(5):557\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejsc.12055.","journal-title":"Eur J Sport Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"2344_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318207c15d","volume":"43","author":"CS Bickel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bickel CS, Cross JM, Bamman MM. Exercise dosing to retain resistance training adaptations in young and older adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43(7):1177\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318207c15d.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"4","key":"2344_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000004666","volume":"38","author":"T Molinari","year":"2024","unstructured":"Molinari T, Radaelli R, Rech A, Brusco CM, Markarian AM, Lopez P. Moderators of resistance training effects in healthy young women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res. 2024;38(4):804\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0000000000004666.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"2344_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2209","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-024-02069-2","volume":"54","author":"ZP Robinson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Robinson ZP, Pelland JC, Remmert JF, Refalo MC, Jukic I, Steele J, et al. Exploring the dose-response relationship between estimated resistance training proximity to failure, strength gain, and muscle hypertrophy: a series of meta-regressions. Sports Med. 2024;54(9):2209\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-024-02069-2.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2344_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-022-01790-0","volume":"53","author":"RW Spitz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Spitz RW, Kataoka R, Dankel SJ, Bell ZW, Song JS, Wong V, et al. Quantifying the generality of strength adaptation: a meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2023;53(3):637\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-022-01790-0.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2344_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-019-01247-x","volume":"50","author":"AD Hagstrom","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hagstrom AD, Marshall PW, Halaki M, Hackett DA. The effect of resistance training in women on dynamic strength and muscular hypertrophy: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2020;50(6):1075\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-019-01247-x.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"1 Pt 1","key":"2344_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E99","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1997.273.1.E99","volume":"273","author":"SM Phillips","year":"1997","unstructured":"Phillips SM, Tipton KD, Aarsland A, Wolf SE, Wolfe RR. Mixed muscle protein synthesis and breakdown after resistance exercise in humans. Am J Physiol. 1997;273(1 Pt 1):E99-107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.1997.273.1.E99.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2344_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R172","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00636.2007","volume":"294","author":"JE Tang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tang JE, Perco JG, Moore DR, Wilkinson SB, Phillips SM. Resistance training alters the response of fed state mixed muscle protein synthesis in young men. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2008;294(1):R172\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpregu.00636.2007.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2344_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1139\/h95-038","volume":"20","author":"JD MacDougall","year":"1995","unstructured":"MacDougall JD, Gibala MJ, Tarnopolsky MA, MacDonald JR, Interisano SA, Yarasheski KE. The time course for elevated muscle protein synthesis following heavy resistance exercise. Can J Appl Physiol. 1995;20(4):480\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/h95-038.","journal-title":"Can J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"18","key":"2344_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5209","DOI":"10.1113\/JP272472","volume":"594","author":"F Damas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Damas F, Phillips SM, Libardi CA, Vechin FC, Lixandr\u00e3o ME, Jannig PR, et al. Resistance training-induced changes in integrated myofibrillar protein synthesis are related to hypertrophy only after attenuation of muscle damage. J Physiol. 2016;594(18):5209\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/JP272472.","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2344_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-016-0640-8","volume":"47","author":"SJ Dankel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dankel SJ, Mattocks KT, Jessee MB, Buckner SL, Mouser JG, Counts BR, et al. Frequency: the overlooked resistance training variable for inducing muscle hypertrophy? Sports Med. 2017;47(5):799\u2013805. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-016-0640-8.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"2344_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Remmert J, Pelland J, Robinson Z, Hinson S, Zourdos M. Is there too much of a good thing?: meta-regressions of the effect of per-session volume on hypertrophy and strength. 2025. Available from: https:\/\/sportrxiv.org\/index.php\/server\/preprint\/view\/537\/version\/689. Accessed 26 Aug 2025.","DOI":"10.51224\/SRXIV.537"},{"issue":"9","key":"2344_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001300","volume":"49","author":"KT Mattocks","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mattocks KT, Buckner SL, Jessee MB, Dankel SJ, Mouser JG, Loenneke JP. Practicing the test produces strength equivalent to higher volume training. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2017;49(9):1945\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001300.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"6","key":"2344_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002585","volume":"53","author":"P Lopez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lopez P, Radaelli R, Taaffe DR, Newton RU, Galv\u00e3o DA, Trajano GS, et al. Resistance training load effects on muscle hypertrophy and strength gain: systematic review and network meta-analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2021;53(6):1206\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002585.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"4","key":"2344_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17041285","volume":"17","author":"PJ Benito","year":"2020","unstructured":"Benito PJ, Cupeiro R, Ramos-Campo DJ, Alcaraz PE, Rubio-Arias J\u00c1. A systematic review with meta-analysis of the effect of resistance training on whole-body muscle growth in healthy adult males. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(4):1285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17041285.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"2344_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gls141","volume":"67","author":"V Kumar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kumar V, Atherton PJ, Selby A, Rankin D, Williams J, Smith K, et al. Muscle protein synthetic responses to exercise: effects of age, volume, and intensity. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2012;67(11):1170\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/gls141.","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"16","key":"2344_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3119","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2010.192856","volume":"588","author":"NA Burd","year":"2010","unstructured":"Burd NA, Holwerda AM, Selby KC, West DWD, Staples AW, Cain NE, et al. Resistance exercise volume affects myofibrillar protein synthesis and anabolic signalling molecule phosphorylation in young men: Resistance exercise volume and myofibrillar protein synthesis. J Physiol. 2010;588(16):3119\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.2010.192856.","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2344_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-010-1527-2","volume":"110","author":"G Terzis","year":"2010","unstructured":"Terzis G, Spengos K, Mascher H, Georgiadis G, Manta P, Blomstrand E. The degree of p70S6k and S6 phosphorylation in human skeletal muscle in response to resistance exercise depends on the training volume. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2010;110(4):835\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-010-1527-2.","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2344_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00350.2019","volume":"127","author":"F Damas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Damas F, Angleri V, Phillips SM, Witard OC, Ugrinowitsch C, Santanielo N, et al. Myofibrillar protein synthesis and muscle hypertrophy individualized responses to systematically changing resistance training variables in trained young men. J Appl Physiol. 2019;127(3):806\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00350.2019.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2344_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-015-3155-3","volume":"115","author":"JP Ahtiainen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ahtiainen JP, Walker S, Silvennoinen M, Kyr\u00f6l\u00e4inen H, Nindl BC, H\u00e4kkinen K, et al. Exercise type and volume alter signaling pathways regulating skeletal muscle glucose uptake and protein synthesis. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2015;115(9):1835\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-015-3155-3.","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2344_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01009.2016","volume":"123","author":"R Ogasawara","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ogasawara R, Arihara Y, Takegaki J, Nakazato K, Ishii N. Relationship between exercise volume and muscle protein synthesis in a rat model of resistance exercise. J Appl Physiol. 2017;123(4):710\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.01009.2016.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2344_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wolfe BL, Lemura LM, Cole PJ. Quantitative analysis of single- vs multiple-set programs in resistance training. J Strength Cond Res. 2004;18(1):35-47. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/1533-4287(2004)018<0035:qaosvm>2.0.co;2.","DOI":"10.1519\/1533-4287(2004)018<0035:qaosvm>2.0.co;2"},{"issue":"6","key":"2344_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181b370be","volume":"23","author":"JW Krieger","year":"2009","unstructured":"Krieger JW. Single versus multiple sets of resistance exercise: a meta-regression. J Strength Cond Res. 2009;23(6):1890\u2013901. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181b370be.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"2344_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-019-01106-9","volume":"49","author":"JP Loenneke","year":"2019","unstructured":"Loenneke JP, Buckner SL, Dankel SJ, Abe T. Exercise-induced changes in nuscle size do not contribute to exercise-induced changes in muscle strength. Sports Med. 2019;49(7):987\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-019-01106-9.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"2344_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-019-01107-8","volume":"49","author":"CB Taber","year":"2019","unstructured":"Taber CB, Vigotsky A, Nuckols G, Haun CT. Exercise-induced myofibrillar hypertrophy is a contributory cause of gains in muscle strength. Sports Med. 2019;49(7):993\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-019-01107-8.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2344_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scispo.2011.06.013","volume":"27","author":"Y Le Meur","year":"2012","unstructured":"Le Meur Y, Hausswirth C, Mujika I. Tapering for competition: a review. Sci Sports. 2012;27(2):77\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scispo.2011.06.013.","journal-title":"Sci Sports"},{"key":"2344_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2021.713655","volume":"3","author":"P Androulakis-Korakakis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Androulakis-Korakakis P, Michalopoulos N, Fisher JP, Keogh J, Loenneke JP, Helms E, et al. The minimum effective training dose required for 1RM strength in powerlifters. Front Sports Act Living. 2021;3:713655. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fspor.2021.713655.","journal-title":"Front Sports Act Living"},{"issue":"7","key":"2344_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-022-01667-2","volume":"52","author":"JC Pelland","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pelland JC, Robinson ZP, Remmert JF, Cerminaro RM, Benitez B, John TA, et al. Methods for controlling and reporting resistance training proximity to failure: current issues and future directions. Sports Med. 2022;52(7):1461\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-022-01667-2.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"2344_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-024-02050-z","volume":"54","author":"ZP Robinson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Robinson ZP, Helms ER, Trexler ET, Steele J, Hall ME, Huang CJ, et al. N of 1: optimizing nethodology for the detection of individual response variation in resistance training. Sports Med. 2024;54(8):1979\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-024-02050-z.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2344_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2000.88.2.452","volume":"88","author":"JA Levine","year":"2000","unstructured":"Levine JA, Abboud L, Barry M, Reed JE, Sheedy PF, Jensen MD. Measuring leg muscle and fat mass in humans: comparison of CT and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. J Appl Physiol. 2000;88(2):452\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.2000.88.2.452.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2344_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00247","volume":"10","author":"CT Haun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Haun CT, Vann CG, Roberts BM, Vigotsky AD, Schoenfeld BJ, Roberts MD. A critical evaluation of the biological construct skeletal muscle hypertrophy: size matters but so does the measurement. Front Physiol. 2019;10:247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2019.00247.","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2344_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-100281","volume":"37","author":"F Damas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Damas F, Nosaka K, Libardi CA, Chen TC, Ugrinowitsch C. Susceptibility to exercise-induced muscle damage: a cluster analysis with a large sample. Int J Sports Med. 2016;37(8):633\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0042-100281.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2344_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200101000-00005","volume":"33","author":"K Nosaka","year":"2001","unstructured":"Nosaka K, Sakamoto K. Effect of elbow joint angle on the magnitude of muscle damage to the elbow flexors. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001;33(1):22\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005768-200101000-00005.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"8","key":"2344_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199608000-00003","volume":"28","author":"K Nosaka","year":"1996","unstructured":"Nosaka K, Clarkson PM. Changes in indicators of inflammation after eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1996;28(8):953\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005768-199608000-00003.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"12","key":"2344_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3454","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002219","volume":"31","author":"JA Gordon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gordon JA, Hoffman JR, Arroyo E, Varanoske AN, Coker NA, Gepner Y, et al. Comparisons in the recovery response from resistance exercise between young and middle-aged men. J Strength Cond Res. 2017;31(12):3454\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002219.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2344_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001453","volume":"31","author":"DV Ferreira","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ferreira DV, Ferreira-J\u00fanior JB, Soares SRS, Cadore EL, Izquierdo M, Brown LE, et al. Chest press exercises with different stability requirements result in similar muscle damage recovery in resistance-trained men. J Strength Cond Res. 2017;31(1):71\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001453.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2344_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-015-3243-4","volume":"116","author":"F Damas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Damas F, Phillips SM, Lixandr\u00e3o ME, Vechin FC, Libardi CA, Roschel H, et al. Early resistance training-induced increases in muscle cross-sectional area are concomitant with edema-induced muscle swelling. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2016;116(1):49\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-015-3243-4.","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"}],"container-title":["Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40279-025-02344-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40279-025-02344-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40279-025-02344-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T17:47:14Z","timestamp":1773337634000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40279-025-02344-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]]},"references-count":142,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["2344"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-025-02344-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0112-1642","1179-2035"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0112-1642","type":"print"},{"value":"1179-2035","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 October 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 December 2025","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflicts of interest specifically pertaining to this article. However, the authors have written about fitness and resistance training content previously; therefore, we wish to note that Joshua Pelland, Jacob Remmert, Zac Robinson, Seth Hinson, and Michael Zourdos are coaches and writers in the fitness industry.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of Interest\/Competing Interests"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"All data and supplementary materials are available on the Open Science Framework project page (\n                      \n                      ).","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Availability of Data and Material"}},{"value":"The code is available on the Open Science Framework project page (\n                      \n                      ).","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Code Availability"}},{"value":"All authors contributed to the concept of the manuscript. JCP and JFR performed the systematic search. JCP, JFR, and SRH extracted data. ZPR performed the statistical analysis, with assistance from JCP. JCP wrote the initial manuscript. All authors revised the manuscript and approved the final version.","order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Authors\u2019 Contributions"}}]}}