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The FIFA 11\u2009+\u2009program has been widely promoted to enhance physical fitness and reduce injury occurrence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This meta-analysis set out to examine how the FIFA 11\u2009+\u2009program, implemented as a warm-up versus conventional warm-up (soccer-specific and alternative warm-ups), impacts physical fitness attributes in youth and adult soccer players.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After a priori defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 17 intervention studies with 611 male and female soccer players (Tier 2\u20134) aged 9\u201329\u00a0years were eligible to be included. The FIFA 11\u2009+\u2009program implemented in the warm-up was contrasted with conventional warm-up programs (control) on outcome measures such as dynamic balance, CoD speed, linear sprint and proxies of muscle power (vertical jump height). The influence of potential moderators (e.g., training duration, frequency, session duration, age, sex, training and performance calibre) on study outcome measures was examined using subgroup analyses with the median split method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Findings demonstrated small-to-moderate improvements in favour of FIFA 11\u2009+\u2009compared with conventional warm-ups on dynamic balance (small standardized mean differences [SMDs]\u2009=\u20090.37,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001, heterogeneity [\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ]\u2009=\u20097), CoD speed (moderate SMDs\u2009= \u2212\u20090.65,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.005,\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u200984), and vertical jump height (small SMDs\u2009=\u20090.56,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001,\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u200971). Results from the sub-analyses showed that, for dynamic balance, shorter training durations (&lt;\u20099\u00a0weeks) produced larger effects than longer durations (\u2265\u20099\u00a0weeks) (SMDs\u2009=\u20090.62 versus SMDs\u2009=\u20090.17). For vertical jump height,\u2009&lt;\u20099\u00a0weeks also yielded greater improvements (SMDs\u2009=\u20090.79 versus SMDs\u2009=\u20090.26). In terms of weekly training frequency,\u2009\u2265\u20093 sessions\/week elicited larger gains in change-of-direction speed (SMDs\u2009= \u2212\u20091.05 versus SMDs\u2009= \u2212\u20090.12) and vertical jump height (SMDs\u2009=\u20090.73 versus SMDs\u2009=\u20090.01) compared with\u2009&lt;\u20093 sessions\/week. Regarding participant characteristics, players aged\u2009\u2265\u200918\u00a0years showed greater improvements than those\u2009&lt;\u200918\u00a0years in change-of-direction speed (SMDs\u2009= \u2212\u20091.45 versus SMDs\u2009= \u2212\u20090.06) and vertical jump height (SMDs\u2009=\u20090.64 versus SMDs\u2009=\u20090.22). For sex differences, males experienced greater benefits than females in change-of-direction speed (SMDs\u2009= \u2212\u20090.79 versus SMDs\u2009= \u2212\u20090.04) and vertical jump height (SMDs\u2009=\u20090.54 versus SMDs\u2009=\u20090.09). Finally, higher-level players (\u2265\u2009tier 3) demonstrated greater improvements in vertical jump height than lower-tier players (&lt;\u2009Tier 3) (SMDs\u2009=\u20090.75 versus SMDs\u2009=\u20090.01). The observed benefits were statistically significant but generally of small-to-moderate magnitude and affected by study heterogeneity and program implementation differences. Most studies included male participants, limiting generalizability to female and underrepresented populations. Several studies also lacked rigorous methodological design, particularly in allocation, concealment and blinding. Reporting of training and demographic variables was often incomplete. These limitations highlight the necessity for rigorously designed, low-bias randomized controlled trials with standardized implementation of the FIFA 11\u2009+\u2009program and thorough reporting to enhance the reliability of causal conclusions and improve clinical interpretation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The FIFA 11\u2009+\u2009program was more effective than conventional soccer warm-up programs to enhance soccer players\u2019 physical fitness (i.e., dynamic balance, CoD speed, vertical jump height). A shorter training duration (&lt;\u20099\u00a0weeks) and more weekly training sessions (\u2265\u20093 sessions\/week) induced larger performance effects. FIFA 11\u2009+\u2009was more effective in older (\u2265\u200918\u00a0years) and male players and in players of higher performance calibre (\u2265\u2009Tier 3). These findings underscore the versatility of the FIFA 11\u2009+\u2009program to improve soccer players\u2019 physical fitness, supporting its integration into the warm-up of regular soccer training sessions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Protocol Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/PROSPERO\/view\/CRD42025633810\" ext-link-type=\"uri\">https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/PROSPERO\/view\/CRD42025633810<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      <jats:underline>,<\/jats:underline>\n                      PROSPERO: CRD42025633810.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-025-02346-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T16:03:17Z","timestamp":1764086597000},"page":"521-541","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Effects of the FIFA 11\u2009+\u2009Program on Physical Fitness in Youth and Adult Soccer Players: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Ibnu Noufal","family":"Kambitta Valappil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karuppasamy","family":"Govindasamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gavoutamane","family":"Vasanthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masilamani","family":"Elayaraja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cain C. 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Urs Granacher is a member of the editorial board of Sports Medicine but was not involved in the selection of reviewers for this manuscript or in any of the subsequent editorial decisions.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The data are provided in Table\u00a0\n                      \n                      and Electronic Supplementary Material [\n                      \n                      ], with further datasets available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","label":"Availability of data and material","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Conceptualization: INKV, KG. Literature search: INKV, KG, GV. Abstract screening, full-text eligibility assessment, data extraction and critical appraisal: INKV, KG, GV, ME, H\u015eU, UG. Data synthesis: INKV, KG, CCTC, KP, BK, HZ, UG. Original draft of manuscript: INKV, KG, UG. Manuscript review and edit: INKV, CCTC, KP, BK, H\u015eU, HZ, UG. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.","order":8,"name":"Ethics","label":"Authors\u2019 contribution","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}