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Traditional models of fatigue have long emphasized a gradual and inevitable decline in performance because of metabolic, neuromuscular, and cardiovascular limitations. Research has also highlighted that task failure may not only be a product of this progressive deterioration but could also result from acute and unpredictable disruptions at the central level (e.g., psychological factors such as perceived effort) that compromise the athlete\u2019s ability to sustain effort. This review examines the existing literature on task failure, critically describing what is currently known about the influence of peripheral (physiological processes at the skeletal muscle and neuromuscular junction) and central mechanisms (neural processes in the brain and spinal cord, which may integrate physiological and psychological components). Finally, we identify gaps in the current literature and propose directions for future research to refine our understanding of the interplay between peripheral and central contributors to task failure, emphasizing the need for integrative approaches to optimize endurance performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-025-02377-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T03:05:41Z","timestamp":1775012741000},"page":"861-876","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Task Failure in Endurance Sports: A Review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2438-6329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan-Jos\u00e9","family":"P\u00e9rez-D\u00edaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8600-0930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9-Antonio","family":"Salas-Montoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4786-7037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"Hopker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8700-0382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikel","family":"Zabala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2377_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2016.1249524","volume":"18","author":"M Burnley","year":"2018","unstructured":"Burnley M, Jones AM. 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The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of Interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"The data supporting this study\u2019s findings are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Availability of Data and Material"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Code Availability"}},{"value":"JJPD and MZ conceived the idea for this review. JJPD, JH, MZ, and JASM conducted the literature search and selected the articles to be included in the review. JJPD wrote the first draft of the manuscript. JASM, MZ, and JH reviewed the original manuscript. All authors read and approved the final version.","order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Authors\u2019 Contributions"}}]}}