{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T11:02:08Z","timestamp":1784631728722,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":150,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774569600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001802","name":"University of Canberra","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001802","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Aesthetic and acrobatic sports place high physical demands on youth athletes during critical periods of growth and maturation. These sports often involve intense training loads from an early age, which can influence physical development, injury risk, long-term health outcomes and performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objectives were (1) to conduct a systematic review addressing key factors impacting performance health during growth and maturation in aesthetic and acrobatic high-performance youth athletes and (2) to investigate current methods for evaluating growth and maturation in this athletic population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were followed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The protocol was registered on the PROSPERO International prospective register (CRD42021261883). The electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus and PsycINFO were searched for relevant studies up to 27 September 2025. Inclusion criteria were any sub-elite and elite athletes in aesthetic and acrobatic sports 18\u00a0years or under, a quantitative measurement of maturation and\/or growth status\/process in reference to the athlete\u2019s health outcome. Two independent authors screened search results, performed data extraction and assessed risk of bias using the quality assessment tool developed by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) in collaboration with the Research Triangle Institute (RTI) international.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results were reported on the basis of identifying 5 common themes amongst 65 studies and involving a total of 7782 participants; bone health; injury, illness and pain as outcomes; and anthropometric, biomechanical and training and performance as associated factors. Nutrition was also identified as a common interacting factor across themes. Growth and maturation measures and methods varied across studies. The review found that gymnastics training positively impacts bone health in prepubertal athletes, particularly in weight-bearing sites, although the risk of bone health injury increases around puberty possibly owing to later menarche, lower bone age and nutritional deficiencies. Dance studies show mixed results on bone health outcomes. Anthropometric and biomechanical factors including shorter stature, hypermobility and scoliosis and flexibility\u2013strength imbalances may influence injury risk in association with being prepubescent. Later menarche, inadequate energy intake and discipline-specific bone development may contribute to tendon injuries, bone stress and overuse injuries in post-pubertal aesthetic and acrobatic athletes. Regular pre-pubertal gymnastics supports superior balance development. Training intensity can influence psychological stress and illness, particularly pre menarche, and male athletes respond differently to training than females during growth and maturation. Energy availability, along with psychological and behavioural factors may further affect injury, illness and performance outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The factors contributing to performance health in aesthetic and acrobatic athletes during growth and maturation are inter-related and include anthropometric, biomechanical, training and nutrition. Earlier identification and appropriate timely prevention strategies are essential for performance health in aesthetic and acrobatic athletes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-026-02416-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T10:24:55Z","timestamp":1774607095000},"page":"1701-1721","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Key Factors Impacting Performance Health During Growth and Maturation in Adolescent Competitive Aesthetic and Acrobatic Athletes: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6332-709X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alison S.","family":"Fitch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jocelyn","family":"Mara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felicity","family":"Lord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon","family":"Waddington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2416_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scispo.2023.03.006","volume":"39","author":"R Bereng\u00fc\u00ed","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bereng\u00fc\u00ed R, Angosto S, Hern\u00e1ndez-Ruiz A, Rueda-Flores M, Castej\u00f3n MA. Body image and eating disorders in aesthetic sports: a systematic review of assessment and risk. Sci Sports. 2024;39(3):241\u20139.","journal-title":"Sci Sports"},{"key":"2416_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.03.010","volume-title":"Sport-specific biomechanics of spinal injuries in aesthetic athletes (dancers, gymnasts, and figure skaters)","author":"PA d'Hemecourt","year":"2012","unstructured":"d\u2019Hemecourt PA, Micheli LJ. Sport-specific biomechanics of spinal injuries in aesthetic athletes (dancers, gymnasts, and figure skaters). United States: Elsevier; 2012."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2416_CR3","first-page":"A125","volume":"54","author":"S Downie","year":"2020","unstructured":"Downie S, Black AM, Eliason PH, Emery C, Kenny SJ. 304\u2005Injury burden and characteristics in aesthetic sports among high school adolescents. Br J Sports Med. 2020;54(Suppl 1):A125.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2416_CR4","first-page":"265","volume":"66","author":"R Abalo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Abalo R, Vernetta M, Guti\u00e9rrez-S\u00e1nchez A. Prevention of injuries to lower limbs using logistic regression equations in aerobic gymnastics. Med Sport. 2013;66(2):265\u201376.","journal-title":"Med Sport"},{"issue":"4","key":"2416_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-013-2188-4","volume":"32","author":"EC Foley","year":"2013","unstructured":"Foley EC, Bird HA. \u2018Extreme\u2019 or tariff sports: their injuries and their prevention (with particular reference to diving, cheerleading, gymnastics, and figure skating). Clin Rheumatol. 2013;32(4):463\u20137.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2416_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967116644241","volume":"4","author":"RF LaPrade","year":"2016","unstructured":"LaPrade RF, Agel J, Baker J, Brenner JS, Cordasco FA, C\u00f4t\u00e9 J, et al. AOSSM early sport specialization consensus statement. Orthop J Sports Med. 2016;4(4):2325967116644241.","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2416_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738115598747","volume":"7","author":"GD Myer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Myer GD, Jayanthi N, Difiori JP, Faigenbaum AD, Kiefer AW, Logerstedt D, et al. Sport specialization, part I: does early sports specialization increase negative outcomes and reduce the opportunity for success in young athletes? Sports Health. 2015;7(5):437\u201342.","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2416_CR8","first-page":"22","volume":"8","author":"I Balyi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Balyi I. Sport system building and long-term athlete development in British Columbia. Coaches Rep. 2001;8(1):22\u20138.","journal-title":"Coaches Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"2416_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000900","volume":"31","author":"SA Kliethermes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kliethermes SA, Marshall SW, LaBella CR, Watson AM, Brenner JS, Nagle KB, et al. Defining a research agenda for youth sport specialization in the United States: the AMSSM Youth Early Sport Specialization Summit. Clin J Sport Med. 2021;31(2):103\u201312.","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"issue":"13","key":"2416_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-094962","volume":"49","author":"MF Bergeron","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bergeron MF, Mountjoy M, Armstrong N, Chia M, C\u00f4t\u00e9 J, Emery CA, et al. International Olympic Committee consensus statement on youth athletic development. Br J Sports Med. 2015;49(13):843\u201351.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2416_CR11","first-page":"9","volume":"3","author":"V De Bosscher","year":"2023","unstructured":"De Bosscher V, Descheemaeker K, Shibli S. Starting and specialisation ages of elite athletes across Olympic sports: an international cross-sectional study. Eur J Sport Sci. 2023;3(5):9\u201319.","journal-title":"Eur J Sport Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2416_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738115614811","volume":"8","author":"GD Myer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Myer GD, Jayanthi N, DiFiori JP, Faigenbaum AD, Kiefer AW, Logerstedt D, et al. Sports specialization, Part II: alternative solutions to early sport specialization in youth athletes. Sports Health. 2016;8(1):65\u201373.","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2416_CR13","first-page":"1","volume":"72","author":"S Waldron","year":"2020","unstructured":"Waldron S, DeFreese JD, Register-Mihalik J, Pietrosimone B, Barczak N. The costs and benefits of early sport specialization: a critical review of literature. Quest (National Association for Kinesiology in Higher Education). 2020;72(1):1\u201318.","journal-title":"Quest (National Association for Kinesiology in Higher Education)"},{"issue":"10","key":"2416_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-380-18","volume":"54","author":"NA Jayanthi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jayanthi NA, Post EG, Laury TC, Fabricant PD. Health consequences of youth sport specialization. J Athl Train. 2019;54(10):1040\u20139.","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"4","key":"2416_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e3182218f71","volume":"21","author":"A Luke","year":"2011","unstructured":"Luke A, Lazaro RM, Bergeron MF, Keyser L, Benjamin H, Brenner J, et al. Sports-related injuries in youth athletes: is overscheduling a risk factor? Clin J Sport Med. 2011;21(4):307\u201314.","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"2416_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2010.073122","volume":"44","author":"L Engebretsen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Engebretsen L, Steffen K, Bahr R, Broderick C, Dvorak J, Janarv P-M, et al. The International Olympic Committee consensus statement on age determination in high-level young athletes. Br J Sports Med. 2010;44(7):476\u201384.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2416_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1097\/00132585-200210010-00007","volume":"10","author":"AD Baxter-Jones","year":"2002","unstructured":"Baxter-Jones AD, Thompson AM, Malina RM. Growth and maturation in elite young female athletes. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev. 2002;10(1):42\u20139.","journal-title":"Sports Med Arthrosc Rev"},{"issue":"17","key":"2416_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2024-108186","volume":"58","author":"MF Bergeron","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bergeron MF, C\u00f4t\u00e9 J, Cumming SP, Purcell R, Armstrong N, Basilico L, et al. IOC consensus statement on elite youth athletes competing at the Olympic Games: essentials to a healthy, safe and sustainable paradigm. Br J Sports Med. 2024;58(17):946\u201365.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"2416_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2010.079616","volume":"46","author":"CC Quatman-Yates","year":"2012","unstructured":"Quatman-Yates CC, Quatman CE, Meszaros AJ, Paterno MV, Hewett TE. A systematic review of sensorimotor function during adolescence: a developmental stage of increased motor awkwardness? Br J Sports Med. 2012;46(9):649\u201355.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2416_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13635","volume":"30","author":"EH Wik","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wik EH, Martinez-Silvan D, Farooq A, Cardinale M, Johnson A, Bahr R. Skeletal maturation and growth rates are related to bone and growth plate injuries in adolescent athletics. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2020;30(5):894\u2013903.","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"issue":"12","key":"2416_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.060907","volume":"21","author":"RA Faulkner","year":"2009","unstructured":"Faulkner RA, Davison KS, Bailey DA, Mirwald RL, Baxter\u2010Jones AD. Size\u2010corrected BMD decreases during peak linear growth: implications for fracture incidence during adolescence*. J Bone Miner Res. 2009;21(12):1864\u201370.","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"2416_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2005.017822","volume":"40","author":"D Caine","year":"2006","unstructured":"Caine D, DiFiori J, Maffulli N. Physeal injuries in children\u2019s and youth sports: reasons for concern? Br J Sports Med. 2006;40(9):749\u201360.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2416_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1080\/14647893.2021.1874902","volume":"24","author":"N Kolokythas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kolokythas N, Metsios GS, Dinas PC, Galloway SM, Allen N, Wyon MA. Growth, maturation, and overuse injuries in dance and aesthetic sports: a systematic review. Res Dance Educ. 2021;24(2):115\u201337.","journal-title":"Res Dance Educ"},{"issue":"3","key":"2416_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1519\/SSC.0b013e31825760ea","volume":"34","author":"RS Lloyd","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lloyd RS, Oliver JL. The youth physical development model: a new approach to long-term athletic development. Strength Cond J. 2012;34(3):61\u201372.","journal-title":"Strength Cond J"},{"issue":"17","key":"2416_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2024-108233","volume":"58","author":"GN Parry","year":"2024","unstructured":"Parry GN, Williams S, McKay CD, Johnson DJ, Bergeron MF, Cumming SP. Associations between growth, maturation and injury in youth athletes engaged in elite pathways: a scoping review. Br J Sports Med. 2024;58(17):1001\u201310.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"2416_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malina RM. Exercise and growth: physical activity as a factor in growth and maturation. Cameron N & FiBiol C human growth and development. 2002. pp. 321\u201348.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012156651-7\/50016-2"},{"key":"2416_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/sports9040052","author":"B Beck","year":"2021","unstructured":"Beck B, Drysdale L. Risk factors, diagnosis and management of bone stress injuries in adolescent athletes: a narrative review. Sports. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sports9040052.","journal-title":"Sports"},{"issue":"4","key":"2416_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2011.03.004","volume":"12","author":"EM Krentz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Krentz EM, Warschburger P. Sports-related correlates of disordered eating in aesthetic sports. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2011;12(4):375\u201382.","journal-title":"Psychol Sport Exerc"},{"issue":"7","key":"2416_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2014-093502","volume":"48","author":"M Mountjoy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mountjoy M, Sundgot-Borgen J, Burke L, Carter S, Constantini N, Lebrun C, et al. The IOC consensus statement: beyond the female athlete triad-relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S). Br J Sports Med. 2014;48(7):491.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2416_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1249\/JSR.0000000000000401","volume":"16","author":"NS Jones","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jones NS. Competitive diving principles and injuries. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2017;16(5):351\u20136.","journal-title":"Curr Sports Med Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"2416_CR31","first-page":"245","volume":"17","author":"J J\u00fcrim\u00e4e","year":"2018","unstructured":"J\u00fcrim\u00e4e J, Gruodyte-Raciene R, Baxter-Jones ADG. Effects of gymnastics activities on bone accrual during growth: a systematic review. J Sports Sci Med. 2018;17(2):245\u201358.","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2416_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096075","volume":"51","author":"A Prien","year":"2017","unstructured":"Prien A, Mountjoy M, Miller J, Boyd K, van den Hoogenband C, Gerrard D, et al. Injury and illness in aquatic sport: how high is the risk? A comparison of results from three FINA World Championships. Br J Sports Med. 2017;51(4):277\u201382.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"2416_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3767","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-024-05574-4","volume":"124","author":"R Stables","year":"2024","unstructured":"Stables R, Anderson L, Sale C, Hannon MP, Dunn R, Tang JCY, et al. Training with reduced carbohydrate availability affects markers of bone resorption and formation in male academy soccer players from the English Premier League. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2024;124(12):3767\u201380.","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2416_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2021.1948259","author":"TS Patel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Patel TS, McGregor A, Williams K, Cumming SP, Williams S. The influence of growth and training loads on injury risk in competitive trampoline gymnasts. J Sports Sci. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02640414.2021.1948259.","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"key":"2416_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315668017-26","volume-title":"Routledge handbook of talent identification and development in sport","author":"T John","year":"2017","unstructured":"John T, Carter CW. Medical perspectives on talent development in youth sports. In: Routledge handbook of talent identification and development in sport. Routledge; 2017. p. 361\u201376."},{"key":"2416_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20010300","author":"E Smyth","year":"2022","unstructured":"Smyth E, Donaldson A, Drew M, Menasp\u00e0 M, Cooke J, Guevara S, et al. What contributes to athlete performance health? A concept mapping approach. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph20010300.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"16","key":"2416_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095121","volume":"50","author":"SJ Kenny","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kenny SJ, Whittaker JL, Emery CA. Risk factors for musculoskeletal injury in preprofessional dancers: a systematic review. Br J Sports Med. 2016;50(16):997\u20131003.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"19","key":"2416_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-098418","volume":"52","author":"M Swain","year":"2018","unstructured":"Swain M, Kamper SJ, Maher CG, Broderick C, McKay D, Henschke N. Relationship between growth, maturation and musculoskeletal conditions in adolescents: a systematic review. Br J Sports Med. 2018;52(19):1246\u201352.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"2416_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2022.975900","volume":"4","author":"EH Wik","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wik EH. Growth, maturation and injuries in high-level youth football (soccer): a mini review. Front Sports Act Living. 2022;4:975900.","journal-title":"Front Sports Act Living"},{"issue":"1","key":"2416_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18010328","volume":"18","author":"M Albaladejo-Saura","year":"2021","unstructured":"Albaladejo-Saura M, Vaquero-Crist\u00f3bal R, Gonz\u00e1lez-G\u00e1lvez N, Esparza-Ros F. Relationship between biological maturation, physical fitness, and kinanthropometric variables of young athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(1):328.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2416_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2023.109962","volume":"40","author":"M Mandorino","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mandorino M, Figueiredo AJ, Gjaka M, Tessitore A. Injury incidence and risk factors in youth soccer players: a systematic literature review. Part II: intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors. Biol Sport. 2023;40(1):27\u201349.","journal-title":"Biol Sport"},{"issue":"2","key":"2416_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1080\/14647893.2021.1874902","volume":"24","author":"N Kolokythas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kolokythas N, Metsios GS, Dinas PC, Galloway SM, Allen N, Wyon MA. Growth, maturation, and overuse injuries in dance and aesthetic sports: a systematic review. Res Dance Educ. 2023;24(2):115\u201337.","journal-title":"Res Dance Educ"},{"issue":"16","key":"2416_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096731","volume":"51","author":"MK Drew","year":"2017","unstructured":"Drew MK, Raysmith BP, Charlton PC. Injuries impair the chance of successful performance by sportspeople: a systematic review. Br J Sports Med. 2017;51(16):1209\u201314.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"2416_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","volume":"372","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2416_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1519\/SSC.0000000000000692","volume":"44","author":"N Kolokythas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kolokythas N, Metsios G, Galloway S, Allen N, Wyon M. 11+ Dance: a neuromuscular injury prevention exercise program for dancers. Strength Cond J. 2021;44:1\u20139.","journal-title":"Strength Cond J"},{"issue":"12","key":"2416_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2013.781661","volume":"31","author":"JP Gulbin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gulbin JP, Croser MJ, Morley EJ, Weissensteiner JR. An integrated framework for the optimisation of sport and athlete development: a practitioner approach. J Sports Sci. 2013;31(12):1319\u201331.","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"2416_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000391","volume":"28","author":"RS Lloyd","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lloyd RS, Oliver JL, Faigenbaum AD, Myer GD, Croix MBDS. Chronological age vs. biological maturation: implications for exercise programming in youth. J Strength Cond Res. 2014;28(5):1454\u201364.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2416_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1080\/03014460.2020.1805006","volume":"47","author":"SA Moore","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moore SA, Cumming SP, Balletta G, Ramage K, Eisenmann JC, Baxter-Jones AD, et al. Exploring the relationship between adolescent biological maturation, physical activity, and sedentary behaviour: a systematic review and narrative synthesis. Ann Hum Biol. 2020;47(4):365\u201383.","journal-title":"Ann Hum Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2416_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-093297","volume":"48","author":"B Clarsen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Clarsen B, Bahr R. Matching the choice of injury\/illness definition to study setting, purpose and design: one size does not fit all! Br J Sports Med. 2014;48(7):510\u20132.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"2416_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200003000-00010","volume":"372","author":"ML Omey","year":"2000","unstructured":"Omey ML, Micheli LJ, Gerbino PG. Idiopathic scoliosis and spondylolysis in the female athlete: tips for treatment. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2000;372:74\u201384.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"2416_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-971139","volume":"20","author":"D Courteix","year":"1999","unstructured":"Courteix D, Lespessailles E, Obert P, Benhamou CL. Skull bone mass deficit in prepubertal highly-trained gymnast girls. Int J Sports Med. 1999;20(5):328\u201333.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2416_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02672512","volume":"8","author":"D Courteix","year":"1998","unstructured":"Courteix D, Lespessailles E, Peres SL, Obert P, Germain P, Benhamou CL. Effect of physical training on bone mineral density in prepubertal girls: a comparative study between impact-loading and non-impact-loading sports. Osteoporos Int. 1998;8(2):152\u20138.","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"2416_CR53","first-page":"328","volume":"65","author":"D Courteix","year":"1998","unstructured":"Courteix D, Lespessailles E, Peres S, Obert P, Ferry B, Benhamou C-L. Lean tissue mass is a better predictor of bone mineral content and density than body weight in prepubertal girls. Revue du rhumatisme english edition joint bone spine diseases. 1998;65:328\u201336.","journal-title":"Revue du rhumatisme english edition joint bone spine diseases"},{"issue":"2","key":"2416_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.157.2.139","volume":"157","author":"B Falk","year":"2003","unstructured":"Falk B, Bronshtein Z, Zigel L, Constantini NW, Eliakim A. Quantitative ultrasound of the tibia and radius in prepubertal and early-pubertal female athletes. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2003;157(2):139\u201343.","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"2416_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6364","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-019-06247-z","volume":"29","author":"RB Kraan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kraan RB, Kox LS, Mens MA, Kuijer PPF, Maas M. Damage of the distal radial physis in young gymnasts: can three-dimensional assessment of physeal volume on MRI serve as a biomarker? Eur Radiol. 2019;29:6364\u201371.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2416_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2019.1710263","volume":"20","author":"R Kraan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kraan R, Kox L, Oostra R, Kuijer P, Maas M. The distal radial physis: exploring normal anatomy on MRI enables interpretation of stress related changes in young gymnasts. Eur J Sport Sci. 2020;20(9):1197\u2013205.","journal-title":"Eur J Sport Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"2416_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2844","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1070","volume":"98","author":"L Ma\u00efmoun","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ma\u00efmoun L, Coste O, Mura T, Philibert P, Galtier F, Mariano-Goulart D, et al. Specific bone mass acquisition in elite female athletes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98(7):2844\u201353.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"2416_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1999.14.6.994","volume":"14","author":"SM Nickols\u2010Richardson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Nickols\u2010Richardson SM, O\u2019Connor PJ, Shapses SA, Lewis RD. Longitudinal bone mineral density changes in female child artistic gymnasts. J Bone Miner Res. 1999;14(6):994\u20131002.","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2416_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2016.01.020","volume":"85","author":"TA Scerpella","year":"2016","unstructured":"Scerpella TA, Bernardoni B, Wang S, Rathouz PJ, Li Q, Dowthwaite JN. Site-specific, adult bone benefits attributed to loading during youth: a preliminary longitudinal analysis. Bone. 2016;85:148\u201359.","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"3","key":"2416_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.52082\/jssm.2021.466","volume":"20","author":"L Remmel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Remmel L, Tillmann V, Tamm A-L, Mengel E, J\u00fcrim\u00e4e J. A longitudinal study of bone mineral accrual during growth in competitive premenarcheal rhythmic gymnasts. J Sports Sci Med. 2021;20(3):466.","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2416_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2755","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2382","volume":"95","author":"S Tournis","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tournis S, Michopoulou E, Fatouros I, Paspati I, Michalopoulou M, Raptou P, et al. Effect of rhythmic gymnastics on volumetric bone mineral density and bone geometry in premenarcheal female athletes and controls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95(6):2755\u201362.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"2416_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2005.03.001","volume":"36","author":"KA Ward","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ward KA, Roberts SA, Adams JE, Mughal MZ. Bone geometry and density in the skeleton of pre-pubertal gymnasts and school children. Bone. 2005;36(6):1012\u20138.","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"2416_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52165\/sgj.4.3.5-13","author":"S Corujeira","year":"2012","unstructured":"Corujeira S, Silva RS, Vieira T, Dias C, Lebre E, R\u00eago C. Gymnastics and the female athlete triad: reality or myth? Sci Gymnastics J. 2012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52165\/sgj.4.3.5-13.","journal-title":"Sci Gymnastics J"},{"issue":"6","key":"2416_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659402200618","volume":"22","author":"L De Smet","year":"1994","unstructured":"De Smet L, Claessens A, Lefevre J, Beunen G. Gymnast wrist: an epidemiologic survey of ulnar variance and stress changes of the radial physis in elite female gymnasts. Am J Sports Med. 1994;22(6):846\u201350.","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2416_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0765-1597(02)00067-9","volume":"18","author":"C Jaffr\u00e9","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jaffr\u00e9 C, Benhamou C, Courteix D. Bone properties assessment by ultrasonic image in young female gymnasts after repositioning the region of interest. Sci Sports. 2003;18(1):37\u20139.","journal-title":"Sci Sports"},{"key":"2416_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2018.07.017","volume":"78","author":"KL Troy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Troy KL, Scerpella TA, Dowthwaite JN. Circum-menarcheal bone acquisition is stress-driven: a longitudinal study in adolescent female gymnasts and non-gymnasts. J Biomech. 2018;78:45\u201351.","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"1","key":"2416_CR67","first-page":"99","volume":"16","author":"K V\u00f5soberg","year":"2017","unstructured":"V\u00f5soberg K, Tillmann V, Tamm A-L, Maasalu K, J\u00fcrim\u00e4e J. Bone mineralization in rhythmic gymnasts entering puberty: associations with jumping performance and body composition variables. J Sports Sci Med. 2017;16(1):99.","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"2416_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0180639","volume":"12","author":"T Amorim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Amorim T, Metsios GS, Wyon M, Nevill AM, Flouris AD, Maia J, et al. Bone mass of female dance students prior to professional dance training: a cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(7):e0180639-e.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2416_CR69","unstructured":"Sommella A, Van den Wyngaert T, Gimigliano F, Stassijns G. Effects of 3 years of ballet training on bone health, body composition, and physical performance in elite adolescent dancers. Clin Cases Mineral Bone Metab. 2019;16(1)."},{"issue":"2","key":"2416_CR70","first-page":"449","volume":"78","author":"N Young","year":"1994","unstructured":"Young N, Formica C, Szmukler G, Seeman E. Bone density at weight-bearing and nonweight-bearing sites in ballet dancers: the effects of exercise, hypogonadism, and body weight. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1994;78(2):449\u201354.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2416_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1177\/1089313X1101500201","volume":"15","author":"P Burckhardt","year":"2011","unstructured":"Burckhardt P, Wynn E, Krieg M-A, Bagutti C, Faouzi M. The effects of nutrition, puberty and dancing on bone density in adolescent ballet dancers. J Dance Med Sci. 2011;15(2):51\u201360.","journal-title":"J Dance Med Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"2416_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1080\/00913847.2025.2472741","volume":"53","author":"N Steinberg","year":"2025","unstructured":"Steinberg N, Elbaz L, Bar-Sela S, Peleg S, Eliakim A, Nemet D, et al. The relationship between physical features and patellofemoral-pain in young female gymnasts. Phys Sportsmed. 2025;53(5):360\u20139.","journal-title":"Phys Sportsmed"},{"issue":"12","key":"2416_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2565","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002742","volume":"53","author":"N Pentidis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pentidis N, Mersmann F, Bohm S, Schroll A, Giannakou E, Aggelousis N, et al. Development of muscle\u2013tendon adaptation in preadolescent gymnasts and untrained peers: a 12-month longitudinal study. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2021;53(12):2565\u201376.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"2","key":"2416_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.3390\/youth4020031","volume":"4","author":"JCT Lye","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lye JCT, Chan TW, Lim HBT, Png JW, Taim BC. Low energy availability and eating disorders risk: a comparison between elite female adolescent athletes and ballet dancers. Youth. 2024;4(2):442\u201353.","journal-title":"Youth"},{"issue":"4","key":"2416_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.21091\/mppa.2024.04019","volume":"39","author":"K Everaert","year":"2024","unstructured":"Everaert K, Fierens B, Steinberg N, Balagu\u00e9 F, Gielen P, Gielen J, et al. Association between bone maturation, menstrual cycle, hypermobility, scoliosis, and low back pain in pre-professional female adolescent dancers. Med Probl Perform Artist. 2024;39(4):162\u20138.","journal-title":"Med Probl Perform Artist"},{"issue":"10","key":"2416_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17101699","volume":"17","author":"A Donti","year":"2025","unstructured":"Donti A, Maraki MI, Psychountaki M, Donti O. Eating disorder symptoms and energy deficiency awareness in adolescent artistic gymnasts: evidence of a knowledge gap. Nutrients. 2025;17(10):1699.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"5","key":"2416_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1080\/15438627.2023.2235047","volume":"32","author":"N Steinberg","year":"2024","unstructured":"Steinberg N, Sitton Y, Kramer S, Levy Y, Siev-Ner I. Patellofemoral pain and musculoskeletal features in young pre-and post-pubertal female dancers. Res Sports Med. 2024;32(5):751\u201366.","journal-title":"Res Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2416_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.52165\/sgj.15.2.205-212","volume":"15","author":"C Little","year":"2023","unstructured":"Little C, Howell D, Armento A, McCarthy A, Sweeney E. Concerns about weight and mental health among adolescent gymnasts: a pilot study. Sci Gymnastics J. 2023;15(2):205\u201312.","journal-title":"Sci Gymnastics J"},{"issue":"5","key":"2416_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000660","volume":"29","author":"EA Sweeney","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sweeney EA, Daoud AK, Potter MN, Ritchie L, Howell DR. Association between flexibility and low back pain in female adolescent gymnasts. Clin J Sport Med. 2019;29(5):379\u201383.","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2416_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1515\/IJAMH.2008.20.3.343","volume":"20","author":"I Schevchenko","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schevchenko I, Abramov VV, Gibson P\u03a4, Omar H\u0391. Medical supervision of young female athletes training in complex coordinational sports. Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2008;20(3):343\u201352.","journal-title":"Int J Adolesc Med Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"2416_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.11138\/mltj\/2017.7.2.306","volume":"7","author":"A Rudavsky","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rudavsky A, Cook J, Magnusson SP, Kjaer M, Docking S. Characterising the proximal patellar tendon attachment and its relationship to skeletal maturity in adolescent ballet dancers. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J. 2017;7(2):306\u201314.","journal-title":"Muscles Ligaments Tendons J"},{"issue":"4","key":"2416_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1177\/1089313X9700100402","volume":"1","author":"LHHWGWMPKKMM Hamilton","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hamilton LH, Hamilton WG, Warren MP, et al. Factors contributing to the attrition rate in elite ballet students. J Dance Med Sci. 1997;1(4):131\u20138.","journal-title":"J Dance Med Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"2416_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13095","volume":"28","author":"A Rudavsky","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rudavsky A, Cook JL, Docking S. Proximal patellar tendon pathology can develop during adolescence in young ballet dancers\u2014a 2\u2010year longitudinal study. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2018;28(9):2035\u201341.","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"issue":"2","key":"2416_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.12678\/1089-313X.24.2.51","volume":"24","author":"N Steinberg","year":"2020","unstructured":"Steinberg N, Pantanowitz M, Zeev A, Stern M, Dar G. Ultrasound tissue characterization (UTC) of the Achilles tendon in pre- and post-pubertal dancers. J Dance Med Sci. 2020;24(2):51\u20138.","journal-title":"J Dance Med Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"2416_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2011.647705","volume":"30","author":"N Steinberg","year":"2012","unstructured":"Steinberg N, Siev-Ner I, Peleg S, Dar G, Masharawi Y, Zeev A, et al. Extrinsic and intrinsic risk factors associated with injuries in young dancers aged 8\u201316 years. J Sports Sci. 2012;30(5):485\u201395.","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"2416_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199804000-00017","volume":"30","author":"P Ziegler","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ziegler P, Hensley S, Roepke JB, Whitaker SH, Craig BW, Drewnowski A. Eating attitudes and energy intakes of female skaters. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998;30(4):583\u20136.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"5","key":"2416_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1080\/15438627.2022.2031199","volume":"31","author":"N Steinberg","year":"2023","unstructured":"Steinberg N, Siev-Ner I, Zeev A, Tenenbaum S. Is there an association between joint range of motion and muscle strength in young female dancers? And, does it depend on the effects of age and menarche? Res Sports Med. 2023;31(5):663\u201378.","journal-title":"Res Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2416_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.24985\/ijass.2021.33.2.159","volume":"33","author":"SDC Park","year":"2021","unstructured":"Park SDC, Kim L. Characteristics of elite rhythmic gymnasts with scoliosis in Korea. Int J Appl Sports Sci. 2021;33(2):159\u201366.","journal-title":"Int J Appl Sports Sci"},{"key":"2416_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52165\/sgj.2.3.5-14","author":"LA Burt","year":"2010","unstructured":"Burt LA, Naughton GA, Higham DG, Landeo R. Training load in pre-pubertal female artistic gymnastics. Sci Gymnastics J. 2010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52165\/sgj.2.3.5-14.","journal-title":"Sci Gymnastics J"},{"key":"2416_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2018.05.003","volume":"32","author":"N Steinberg","year":"2018","unstructured":"Steinberg N, Tenenbaum S, Stern M, Zeev A, Siev-Ner I. The association between menarche, intensity of training and passive joint ROM in young pre-professional female dancers: a longitudinal follow-up study. Phys Ther Sport. 2018;32:59\u201366.","journal-title":"Phys Ther Sport"},{"issue":"4","key":"2416_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2013.12.014","volume":"15","author":"E Bowerman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bowerman E, Whatman C, Harris N, Bradshaw E, Karin J. Are maturation, growth and lower extremity alignment associated with overuse injury in elite adolescent ballet dancers? Phys Ther Sport. 2014;15(4):234\u201341.","journal-title":"Phys Ther Sport"},{"issue":"9","key":"2416_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2014.02.027","volume":"95","author":"BB Longworth","year":"2014","unstructured":"Longworth BB, Fary RP, Hopper DP. Prevalence and predictors of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in adolescent ballet dancers. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2014;95(9):1725\u201330.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"11","key":"2416_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-014-2055-z","volume":"134","author":"K-W Kim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kim K-W, Lim B-O. Effects of menarcheal age on the anterior cruciate ligament injury risk factors during single-legged drop landing in female artistic elite gymnasts. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2014;134(11):1565\u201371.","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"2416_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1177\/19417381251314077","volume":"17","author":"N Steinberg","year":"2025","unstructured":"Steinberg N, Elbaz L, Dar G, Nemet D, Eliakim A. Physiological characteristics of young (9-12 years) and adolescent (\u226513 years) rhythmic, acrobatic, and artistic female gymnasts. Sports Health. 2025;17(6):1132\u20139.","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"2416_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1177\/1089313X241227282","volume":"28","author":"Z Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu Z, Gong Y, Nagamoto H, Okunuki T, Yamaguchi R, Kobayashi Y, et al. Low body fat percentage and menstrual cycle disorders in female elite adolescent dancers. J Dance Med Sci. 2024;28(2):109\u201316.","journal-title":"J Dance Med Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"2416_CR96","first-page":"587","volume":"60","author":"L Baydar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Baydar L, Cetin C, Karatosun H. The risk of malnutrition in prepubertal female gymnasts. Med Sport. 2007;60(4):587\u201394.","journal-title":"Med Sport"},{"issue":"19","key":"2416_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2014.926381","volume":"32","author":"CTA Camargo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Camargo CTA, Gomez-Campos RA, Cossio-Bola\u00f1os MA, Barbeta VJDO, Arruda M, Guerra-Junior G. Growth and body composition in Brazilian female rhythmic gymnastics athletes. J Sports Sci. 2014;32(19):1790\u20136.","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2416_CR98","first-page":"57","volume":"11","author":"P Kutac","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kutac P, Jurkova S, Farana R. Morphological characteristics of young female artistic gymnasts from the Czech Republic. Sci Gymn J. 2019;11(1):57\u201366.","journal-title":"Sci Gymn J"},{"issue":"4","key":"2416_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scispo.2018.02.002","volume":"33","author":"R Abalo-N\u00fa\u00f1ez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abalo-N\u00fa\u00f1ez R, Guti\u00e9rrez-S\u00e1nchez A, Iglesias P\u00e9rez MC, Vernetta-Santana M. Injury prediction in aerobic gymnastics based on anthropometric variables. Sci Sports. 2018;33(4):228\u201336.","journal-title":"Sci Sports"},{"issue":"1","key":"2416_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e3181596678","volume":"40","author":"MC Erlandson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Erlandson MC, Sherar LB, Mirwald RL, Maffulli N, Baxter-Jones ADG. Growth and maturation of adolescent female gymnasts, swimmers, and tennis players. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008;40(1):34\u201342.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"03","key":"2416_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2000-8875","volume":"21","author":"E Weimann","year":"2000","unstructured":"Weimann E, Witzel C, Schwidergall S, B\u00f6hles H. Peripubertal pertubations in elite gymnasts caused by sport specific training regimes and inadequate nutritional intake. Int J Sports Med. 2000;21(03):210\u20135.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2416_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1080\/15438627.2017.1282355","volume":"25","author":"N Steinberg","year":"2017","unstructured":"Steinberg N, Tenenbaum S, Hershkovitz I, Zeev A, Siev-Ner I. Lower extremity and spine characteristics in young dancers with and without patellofemoral pain. Res Sports Med. 2017;25(2):166\u201380.","journal-title":"Res Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2416_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/s11332-021-00805-z","volume":"18","author":"A Pourmotahari","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pourmotahari A, Davarian S, Fayazmilani R. Maturation-related neuromuscular changes in force production of gymnasts and untrained girls. Sport Sci Health. 2022;18(2):289\u201396.","journal-title":"Sport Sci Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"2416_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk9040255","volume":"9","author":"I G\u00f3mez-Dolader","year":"2024","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez-Dolader I, Mart\u00ednez-Cruces A, Leal-del-Ojo P, G\u00f3mez-Landero LA. Strength proxies explain balance task performance by proximity to peak height velocity in young acrobatic gymnasts. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2024;9(4):255.","journal-title":"J Funct Morphol Kinesiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2416_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2010.10.013","volume":"76","author":"NA Georgopoulos","year":"2011","unstructured":"Georgopoulos NA, Rottstein L, Tsekouras A, Theodoropoulou A, Koukkou E, Mylonas P, et al. Abolished circadian rhythm of salivary cortisol in elite artistic gymnasts. Steroids. 2011;76(4):353\u20137.","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"issue":"3","key":"2416_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.3109\/00016349409023452","volume":"73","author":"C Lindholm","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lindholm C, And KH, Ringertz B-M. Pubertal development in elite juvenile gymnasts: effects of physical training. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1994;73(3):269\u201373.","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"issue":"2","key":"2416_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(06)80139-3","volume":"122","author":"GE Theintz","year":"1993","unstructured":"Theintz GE, Howald H, Weiss U, Sizonenko P. Evidence for a reduction of growth potential in adolescent female gymnasts. J Pediatr. 1993;122(2):306\u201313.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2416_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210050476","volume":"79","author":"RM Daly","year":"1998","unstructured":"Daly RM, Rich PA, Klein R. Hormonal responses to physical training in high-level peripubertal male gymnasts. Eur J Appl Physiol. 1998;79(1):74\u201381.","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2416_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2136","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003672","volume":"34","author":"S Moeskops","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moeskops S, Oliver JL, Read PJ, Cronin JB, Myer GD, Haff GG, et al. The influence of biological maturity and competitive level on isometric force-time curve variables and vaulting performance in young female gymnasts. J Strength Cond Res. 2020;34(8):2136\u201345.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2416_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.5507\/ag.2017.015","volume":"47","author":"T Purenovi\u0107-Ivanovi\u0107","year":"2017","unstructured":"Purenovi\u0107-Ivanovi\u0107 T, Popovi\u0107 R, Moskovljevi\u0107 L. The contribution of pubertal development to performance scores in high-level rhythmic gymnasts. Acta Gymnica. 2017;47(3):122\u20139.","journal-title":"Acta Gymnica"},{"issue":"4","key":"2416_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1123\/pes.11.4.349","volume":"11","author":"JE Richards","year":"1999","unstructured":"Richards JE, Ackland TR, Elliott BC. The effect of training volume and growth on gymnastic performance in young women. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 1999;11(4):349\u201363.","journal-title":"Pediatr Exerc Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"2416_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2013.830190","volume":"32","author":"C Tringali","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tringali C, Scala L, Silvestri I, Vitale J, Scurati R, Michielon G, et al. Protective role of 17-\u03b2-estradiol towards IL-6 leukocyte expression induced by intense training in young female athletes. J Sports Sci. 2014;32(5):452\u201361.","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2416_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590500453825","volume":"22","author":"C Castelo-Branco","year":"2006","unstructured":"Castelo-Branco C, Reina F, Montivero AD, Colodr\u00f3n M, Vanrell JA. Influence of high-intensity training and of dietetic and anthropometric factors on menstrual cycle disorders in ballet dancers. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2006;22(1):31\u20135.","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2416_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659202000310","volume":"20","author":"D Caine","year":"1992","unstructured":"Caine D, Roy S, Singer KM, Broekhoff J. Stress changes of the distal radial growth plate: a radiographic survey and review of the literature. Am J Sports Med. 1992;20(3):290\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2416_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1080\/03014469400003422","volume":"21","author":"A Baxter-Jones","year":"1994","unstructured":"Baxter-Jones A, Helms P, Baines-Preece J, Preece M. Menarche in intensively trained gymnasts, swimmers and tennis players. Ann Hum Biol. 1994;21(5):407\u201315.","journal-title":"Ann Hum Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2416_CR116","first-page":"689","volume":"34","author":"RL Mirwald","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mirwald RL, Baxter-Jones AD, Bailey DA, Beunen GP. An assessment of maturity from anthropometric measurements. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002;34(4):689\u201394.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"8","key":"2416_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000588","volume":"47","author":"SA Moore","year":"2015","unstructured":"Moore SA, McKay HA, Macdonald H, Nettlefold L, Baxter-Jones AD, Cameron N, et al. Enhancing a somatic maturity prediction model. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2015;47(8):1755\u201364.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"1","key":"2416_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-72835-5","volume":"10","author":"LAF Olivares","year":"2020","unstructured":"Olivares LAF, De Le\u00f3n LG, Fragoso MI. Skeletal age prediction model from percentage of adult height in children and adolescents. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):15768-.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"2416_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1297\/cpe.24.143","volume":"24","author":"M Satoh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Satoh M. Bone age: assessment methods and clinical applications. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol. 2015;24(4):143\u201352.","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr Endocrinol"},{"key":"2416_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cabral BGdAT, Cabral SdAT, Vital R, Lima KCd, Alcantara T, Reis VM, et al. Prediction equation of bone age in sports initiation through anthropometric variables. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte. 2013;19:99\u2013103.","DOI":"10.1590\/S1517-86922013000200005"},{"key":"2416_CR121","unstructured":"Attallah LN. Growth of the limbs and their segments during childhood and adolescence: a photogrammetric study. 1980."},{"issue":"2","key":"2416_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2004.09.026","volume":"146","author":"M Thomis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Thomis M, Claessens A, Lefevre J, Philippaerts R, Beunen G, Malina R. Adolescent growth spurts in female gymnasts. J Pediatr. 2005;146(2):239\u201344.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"14","key":"2416_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2014.889846","volume":"32","author":"RM Malina","year":"2014","unstructured":"Malina RM, Kozie\u0142 SM. Validation of maturity offset in a longitudinal sample of Polish girls. J Sports Sci. 2014;32(14):1374\u201382.","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"2416_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2013.828850","volume":"32","author":"RM Malina","year":"2014","unstructured":"Malina RM, Kozie\u0142 SM. Validation of maturity offset in a longitudinal sample of Polish boys. J Sports Sci. 2014;32(5):424\u201337.","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"2416_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1510491","volume":"151","author":"MT Munoz","year":"2004","unstructured":"Munoz MT, de la Piedra C, Barrios V, Garrido G, Argente J. Changes in bone density and bone markers in rhythmic gymnasts and ballet dancers: implications for puberty and leptin levels. Eur J Endocrinol. 2004;151(4):491\u20136.","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2416_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1123\/pes.2.3.209","volume":"2","author":"DJ Caine","year":"1990","unstructured":"Caine DJ. Growth Plate Injury and bone growth: an update. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 1990;2(3):209\u201329.","journal-title":"Pediatr Exerc Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"2416_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1080\/03014469500004072","volume":"22","author":"ADG Baxter-Jones","year":"1995","unstructured":"Baxter-Jones ADG, Helms P, Maffulli N, Baines-Preece JC, Preece M. Growth and development of male gymnasts, swimmers, soccer and tennis players: a longitudinal study. Ann Hum Biol. 1995;22(5):381\u201394.","journal-title":"Ann Hum Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2416_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1025878","volume":"5","author":"AL Peltenburg","year":"1984","unstructured":"Peltenburg AL, Erich WB, Bernink MJ, Zonderland ML, Huisveld IA. Biological maturation, body composition, and growth of female gymnasts and control groups of schoolgirls and girl swimmers, aged 8 to 14 years: a cross-sectional survey of 1064 girls. Int J Sports Med. 1984;5(1):36\u201342.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2416_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2000.109004","volume":"137","author":"RM Daly","year":"2000","unstructured":"Daly RM, Rich PA, Klein R, Bass SL. Short stature in competitive prepubertal and early pubertal male gymnasts: the result of selection bias or intense training? J Pediatr. 2000;137(4):510\u20136.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2416_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(00)70094-1","volume":"136","author":"S Bass","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bass S, Bradney M, Pearce G, Hendrich E, Inge K, Stuckey S, et al. Short stature and delayed puberty in gymnasts: influence of selection bias on leg length and the duration of training on trunk length. J Pediatr. 2000;136(2):149\u201355.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"7","key":"2416_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232596711559262","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967115592621","volume":"3","author":"PJ Smith","year":"2015","unstructured":"Smith PJ, Gerrie BJ, Varner KE, McCulloch PC, Lintner DM, Harris JD. Incidence and prevalence of musculoskeletal injury in ballet: a systematic review. Orthop J Sports Med. 2015;3(7):2325967115592621.","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"2416_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03262292","volume":"42","author":"C Wild","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wild C, Steele J, Munro B. Why do girls sustain more anterior cruciate ligament injuries than boys?: a review of the changes in estrogen and musculoskeletal structure and function during puberty. Sports Med. 2012;42(9):733\u201349.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"2416_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2021-104134","volume":"55","author":"H Marmura","year":"2021","unstructured":"Marmura H, Bryant D, Getgood A. Infographic. Sex differences and ACL injuries. Br J Sports Med. 2021;55:1313\u20134.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2416_CR134","first-page":"352","volume":"39","author":"G Myer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Myer G, Ford K, Hewett T. Rationale and clinical techniques for anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention among female athletes. J Athl Train. 2004;39(4):352\u201364.","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"2","key":"2416_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken435","volume":"48","author":"F Fatoye","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fatoye F, Palmer S, MacMillan F, Rowe P, Linden M. Proprioception and muscle torque deficits in children with hypermobility syndrome. Rheumatology. 2008;48(2):152\u20137.","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"2416_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0000000000000420","volume":"22","author":"N Steinberg","year":"2016","unstructured":"Steinberg N, Hershkovitz I, Zeev A, Rothschild B, Siev-Ner I. Joint hypermobility and joint range of motion in young dancers. JCR J Clin Rheumatol. 2016;22:171.","journal-title":"JCR J Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2416_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kes220","volume":"52","author":"M Scheper","year":"2013","unstructured":"Scheper M, De Vries J, De Vos R, Verbunt J, Nollet F, Engelbert R. Generalized joint hypermobility in professional dancers: a sign of talent or vulnerability? Rheumatology. 2013;52(4):651\u20138.","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"2416_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2023-107394","volume":"57","author":"J Shaw","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shaw J. The art of load management: optimising training to mitigate injury risk in professional ballet (PhD Academy Award). Br J Sports Med. 2023;57:1409\u201310.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"2416_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1547220","volume":"36","author":"H Peng","year":"2015","unstructured":"Peng H, Chen W, Kernozek T, Kim K, Song C. Influences of patellofemoral pain and fatigue in female dancers during ballet jump-landing. Int J Sports Med. 2015;36:747\u201353.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"2416_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2011-090369","volume":"47","author":"N Lankhorst","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lankhorst N, Bierma-Zeinstra S, Van Middelkoop M. Factors associated with patellofemoral pain syndrome: a systematic review. Br J Sports Med. 2012;47:193\u2013206.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"2416_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1002\/pmrj.12821","volume":"14","author":"B Holtzman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Holtzman B, Popp K, Tenforde A, Parziale A, Taylor K, Ackerman K. Low energy availability surrogates associated with lower bone mineral density and bone stress injury site. PM&R. 2022;14:587\u201396.","journal-title":"PM&R"},{"key":"2416_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meng K, Qiu J, Benardot D, Carr A, Yi L, Wang J, et al. The risk of low energy availability in Chinese elite and recreational female aesthetic sports athletes. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2020;17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12970-020-00344-x"},{"key":"2416_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00101","volume":"11","author":"B Campbell","year":"2020","unstructured":"Campbell B. DHEAS and human development: an evolutionary perspective. Front Endocrinol. 2020;11:101.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"2416_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-020-0748-y","volume":"15","author":"X Zhu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhu X, Zheng H. Factors influencing peak bone mass gain. Front Med. 2020;15:53\u201369.","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"2416_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0b013e328320d54c","volume":"16","author":"L Loomba-Albrecht","year":"2009","unstructured":"Loomba-Albrecht L, Styne D. Effect of puberty on body composition. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2009;16:10.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes"},{"issue":"7","key":"2416_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0254552","volume":"16","author":"PFd Almeida-Neto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Almeida-Neto PFd, de Medeiros RCdSC, de Matos DG, Baxter-Jones AD, Aidar FJ, de Assis GG, et al. Lean mass and biological maturation as predictors of muscle power and strength performance in young athletes. PLoS ONE. 2021;16(7):e0254552.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"18","key":"2416_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191811463","volume":"19","author":"DA Temm","year":"2022","unstructured":"Temm DA, Standing RJ, Best R. Training, wellbeing and recovery load monitoring in female youth athletes. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(18):11463.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2416_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327558ijbm0201_2","volume":"2","author":"F Perna","year":"1995","unstructured":"Perna F, McDowell S. Role of psychological stress in cortisol recovery from exhaustive exercise among elite athletes. Int J Behav Med. 1995;2:13\u201326.","journal-title":"Int J Behav Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2416_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1249\/00003677-199401000-00012","volume":"22","author":"RM Malina","year":"1994","unstructured":"Malina RM. Physical growth and biological maturation of young athletes. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 1994;22(1):280\u20134.","journal-title":"Exerc Sport Sci Rev"},{"issue":"17","key":"2416_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2023-106994","volume":"57","author":"M Mountjoy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mountjoy M, Ackerman KE, Bailey DM, Burke LM, Constantini N, Hackney AC, et al. 2023 International Olympic Committee\u2019s (IOC) consensus statement on relative energy deficiency in sport (REDs). Br J Sports Med. 2023;57(17):1073\u201398.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"}],"container-title":["Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40279-026-02416-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40279-026-02416-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40279-026-02416-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T10:03:17Z","timestamp":1784628197000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40279-026-02416-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"references-count":150,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["2416"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-026-02416-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0112-1642","1179-2035"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0112-1642","type":"print"},{"value":"1179-2035","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 February 2026","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 March 2026","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"AF was supported by\u00a0a PhD Industry scholarship between the University of Canberra, New South Wales Institute of Sport and Diving Australia.\u00a0No other sources of funding were used to assist in the preparation of this article.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Funding","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors confirm that the data supporting the results of this review are available within the article and its supplementary materials.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Availability of Data","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflicts of Interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"AF, JM and GW contributed to the original concept. AF and FL screened articles for inclusion and risk of bias. AF extracted data from included studies and drafted the original preparation. AF and JM reviewed and, with GW, edited the work. All authors read and approved the final version.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Author Contributions","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}