{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T23:17:21Z","timestamp":1791415041315,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776470400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hochschule Offenburg"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common in many sports and impose substantial performance and long-term health burdens. A quantitative synthesis of real-world, video-identified game situations can inform sport-specific prevention methods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of the study was to identify game situations and movement patterns leading to ACL injury in different sports.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systematic review with meta-analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Sources<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for studies analyzing video recordings of ACL injuries sustained by athletes of any sex during training or competition. Random effects meta-analyses of prevalence and moderator analyses (sport as a factor) were performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In total, 39 articles (1551 video-verified ACL injuries) of on-average moderate quality (Quality Appraisal for Sports Injury Video Analysis Studies [QA-SIVAS]) scale mean 66%) were included. Noncontact (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009745), indirect contact (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009533), and direct contact (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009273) mechanisms were reported, with notable sport-specific differences. Across all injuries, the most frequent contexts were ball action (45.7%), pressing\/tackling (40.9%), and cutting (36.6%). Within noncontact cases, cutting (53.8%), pressing\/tackling (50.2%), decelerating (38.9%), and landing (30.1%) were the most prevalent actions, whereas being tackled was most frequent in indirect contact cases (56.1%). For direct contact injuries, pooled action-specific estimates were available for being tackled (23.9%) and pressing\/tackling (24.2%). Injuries typically occurred at high horizontal speed (53.8%; noncontact 70.7%), were more frequent during ball possession (67.5%) and offensive play (55.4%), and happened more early in time within the first 25% of the game in football (37.5%) and netball (37.8%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The identified patterns support the use of mechanism-specific, sport-tailored prevention strategies (e.g., technique\/strength, neurocognitive functioning for noncontact, perturbation-based drills for indirect contact, and rules\/choice of equipment for knee-directed contact). Methodological improvements, such as harmonized and more detailed injury reporting, are needed to refine risk estimates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-026-02436-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T18:15:24Z","timestamp":1776536124000},"page":"2139-2160","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Situations Leading to Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Sports: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Patrick","family":"Mai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1303-3165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steffen","family":"Willwacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Rahlf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Hoenig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Braun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"von Diecken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Bill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominik","family":"Fohrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tron","family":"Krosshaug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karsten","family":"Hollander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Gronwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Wilke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2436_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1080\/15438627.2012.680633","volume":"20","author":"B Moses","year":"2012","unstructured":"Moses B, Orchard J, Orchard J. Systematic review: annual incidence of ACL injury and surgery in various populations. Res Sports Med. 2012;20:157\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15438627.2012.680633.","journal-title":"Res Sports Med"},{"key":"2436_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096274","volume":"53","author":"AM Montalvo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Montalvo AM, Schneider DK, Yut L, Webster KE, Beynnon B, Kocher MS, et al. \u201cWhat\u2019s my risk of sustaining an ACL injury while playing sports?\u201d A systematic review with meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2019;53:1003\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096274.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"2436_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2023.11977","volume":"54","author":"R Piussi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Piussi R, Simonson R, Zsidai B, Grassi A, Karlsson J, Della Villa F, et al. Better safe than sorry? A systematic review with meta-analysis on time to return to sport after ACL reconstruction as a risk factor for second ACL injury. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2024;54:161\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2519\/jospt.2023.11977.","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"2436_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2226","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13245","volume":"28","author":"D Niederer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Niederer D, Engeroff T, Wilke J, Vogt L, Banzer W. Return to play, performance, and career duration after anterior cruciate ligament rupture: a case\u2013control study in the five biggest football nations in Europe. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2018;28:2226\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sms.13245.","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"2436_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.L.01705","volume":"95","author":"RC Mather","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mather RC, Koenig L, Kocher MS, Dall TM, Gallo P, Scott DJ, et al. Societal and economic impact of anterior cruciate ligament tears. J Bone Jt Surg Am. 2013;95:1751\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.L.01705.","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Am"},{"key":"2436_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2022-105626","volume":"56","author":"SR Filbay","year":"2022","unstructured":"Filbay SR, Skou ST, Bullock GS, Le CY, R\u00e4is\u00e4nen AM, Toomey C, et al. Long-term quality of life, work limitation, physical activity, economic cost and disease burden following ACL and meniscal injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis for the OPTIKNEE consensus. Br J Sports Med. 2022;56:1465\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2022-105626.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"2436_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-45.5.516","volume":"45","author":"SW Marshall","year":"2010","unstructured":"Marshall SW. Recommendations for defining and classifying anterior cruciate ligament injuries in epidemiologic studies. J Athl Train. 2010;45:516\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4085\/1062-6050-45.5.516.","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"2436_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2005.018341","volume":"39","author":"R Bahr","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bahr R, Krosshaug T. Understanding injury mechanisms: a key component of preventing injuries in sport. Br J Sports Med. 2005;39:324\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsm.2005.018341.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"2436_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546519870175","volume":"48","author":"Y-L Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang Y-L, Jung J, Mulligan CMS, Oh J, Norcross MF. A majority of anterior cruciate ligament injuries can be prevented by injury prevention programs: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials and cluster-randomized controlled trials with meta-analysis. Am J Sports Med. 2020;48:1505\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546519870175.","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2436_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2005.018358","volume":"39","author":"T Krosshaug","year":"2005","unstructured":"Krosshaug T, Andersen T, Olsen O, Myklebust G, Bahr R. Research approaches to describe the mechanisms of injuries in sport: limitations and possibilities. Br J Sports Med. 2005;39:330\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsm.2005.018358.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"2436_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-023-01907-z","volume":"54","author":"T Hoenig","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hoenig T, Rahlf L, Wilke J, Krau\u00df I, Dalos D, Willwacher S, et al. Appraising the methodological quality of sports injury video analysis studies: the QA-SIVAS scale. Sports Med. 2024;54:203\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-023-01907-z.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"2436_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.15.00116","volume":"4","author":"VR Carlson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Carlson VR, Sheehan FT, Boden BP. Video analysis of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries: a systematic review. JBJS Rev. 2016;4:e5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.15.00116.","journal-title":"JBJS Rev"},{"key":"2436_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-025-02271-w","author":"A Sundberg","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sundberg A, H\u00f6gberg J, Tosarelli F, Buckthorpe M, Della Villa F, H\u00e4gglund M, et al. Sport-specific injury mechanisms and situational patterns of ACL injuries: a comprehensive systematic review. Sports Med. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-025-02271-w.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"2436_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","volume":"372","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.n71.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2436_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4","volume":"5","author":"M Ouzzani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ouzzani M, Hammady H, Fedorowicz Z, Elmagarmid A. Rayyan\u2014a web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Syst Rev. 2016;5:210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4.","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"2436_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-100250","volume":"54","author":"P Luig","year":"2020","unstructured":"Luig P, Krutsch W, Henke T, Klein C, Bloch H, Platen P, et al. Contact\u2014but not foul play\u2014dominates injury mechanisms in men\u2019s professional handball: a video match analysis of 580 injuries. Br J Sports Med. 2020;54:984\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2018-100250.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"2436_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2023-107113","volume":"58","author":"L Achenbach","year":"2024","unstructured":"Achenbach L, Bloch H, Klein C, Damm T, Obinger M, Rudert M, et al. Four distinct patterns of anterior cruciate ligament injury in women\u2019s professional football (soccer): a systematic video analysis of 37 match injuries. Br J Sports Med. 2024;58:709\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2023-107113.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"2436_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14763141.2022.2034928","author":"S Belcher","year":"2022","unstructured":"Belcher S, Whatman C, Brughelli M. A systematic video analysis of 21 anterior cruciate ligament injuries in elite netball players during games. Sports Biomech. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14763141.2022.2034928.","journal-title":"Sports Biomech"},{"key":"2436_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-022-07002-6","volume":"31","author":"P D\u2019Hooghe","year":"2023","unstructured":"D\u2019Hooghe P, Grassi A, Villa FD, Alkhelaifi K, Papakostas E, Rekik R, et al. The injury mechanism correlation between MRI and video-analysis in professional football players with an acute ACL knee injury reveals consistent bone bruise patterns. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2023;31:121\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00167-022-07002-6.","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"2436_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.23736\/S0022-4707.21.11230-7","volume":"62","author":"A DE Carli","year":"2022","unstructured":"DE Carli A, Koverech G, Gaj E, Marzilli F, Fantoni F, Liberati Petrucci G, et al. Anterior cruciate ligament injury in elite football players: video analysis of 128 cases. J Sports Med Phys Fit. 2022;62:222\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23736\/S0022-4707.21.11230-7.","journal-title":"J Sports Med Phys Fit"},{"key":"2436_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-101247","volume":"54","author":"F Della Villa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Della Villa F, Buckthorpe M, Grassi A, Nabiuzzi A, Tosarelli F, Zaffagnini S, et al. Systematic video analysis of ACL injuries in professional male football (soccer): injury mechanisms, situational patterns and biomechanics study on 134 consecutive cases. Br J Sports Med. 2020;54:1423\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2019-101247.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"2436_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671211048182","volume":"9","author":"F Della Villa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Della Villa F, Tosarelli F, Ferrari R, Grassi A, Ciampone L, Nanni G, et al. Systematic video analysis of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in professional male rugby players: pattern, injury mechanism, and biomechanics in 57 consecutive cases. Orthop J Sports Med. 2021;9:23259671211048182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23259671211048182.","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"2436_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465211008169","volume":"49","author":"S Lucarno","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lucarno S, Zago M, Buckthorpe M, Grassi A, Tosarelli F, Smith R, et al. Systematic video analysis of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in professional female soccer players. Am J Sports Med. 2021;49:1794\u2013802. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03635465211008169.","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2436_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546503261724","volume":"32","author":"O-E Olsen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Olsen O-E, Myklebust G, Engebretsen L, Bahr R. Injury mechanisms for anterior cruciate ligament injuries in team handball: a systematic video analysis. Am J Sports Med. 2004;32:1002\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546503261724.","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2436_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.2022-0266","volume":"39","author":"AJ Petway","year":"2023","unstructured":"Petway AJ, Jordan MJ, Epsley S, Anloague P, Rimer E. Mechanisms of anterior cruciate ligament tears in professional National Basketball Association players: a video analysis. J Appl Biomech. 2023;39:143\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/jab.2022-0266.","journal-title":"J Appl Biomech"},{"key":"2436_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.34291","author":"S Schick","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schick S, Cantrell CK, Young B, Mosher Z, Ewing M, Elphingstone JW, et al. The mechanism of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in the National Football League: a systematic video review. Cureus. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.34291.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2436_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671241234880","volume":"12","author":"F Tosarelli","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tosarelli F, Buckthorpe M, Di Paolo S, Grassi A, Rodas G, Zaffagnini S, et al. Video analysis of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in male professional basketball players: injury mechanisms, situational patterns, and biomechanics. Orthop J Sports Med. 2024;12:23259671241234880. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23259671241234880.","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"2436_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2021-0451","volume":"17","author":"AKA McKay","year":"2022","unstructured":"McKay AKA, Stellingwerff T, Smith ES, Martin DT, Mujika I, Goosey-Tolfrey VL, et al. Defining training and performance caliber: a participant classification framework. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2022;17:317\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/ijspp.2021-0451.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"key":"2436_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2013-203104","volume":"67","author":"JJ Barendregt","year":"2013","unstructured":"Barendregt JJ, Doi SA, Lee YY, Norman RE, Vos T. Meta-analysis of prevalence. J Epidemiol Community Health (1979-) BMJ. 2013;67:974\u20138.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health (1979-) BMJ"},{"key":"2436_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2218","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510373570","volume":"38","author":"H Koga","year":"2010","unstructured":"Koga H, Nakamae A, Shima Y, Iwasa J, Myklebust G, Engebretsen L, et al. Mechanisms for noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries: knee joint kinematics in 10 injury situations from female team handball and basketball. Am J Sports Med. 2010;38:2218\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546510373570.","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2436_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546517732750","volume":"46","author":"H Koga","year":"2018","unstructured":"Koga H, Nakamae A, Shima Y, Bahr R, Krosshaug T. Hip and ankle kinematics in noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury situations: video analysis using model-based image matching. Am J Sports Med. 2018;46:333\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546517732750.","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2436_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738114535184","volume":"7","author":"RH Brophy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Brophy RH, Stepan JG, Silvers HJ, Mandelbaum BR. Defending puts the anterior cruciate ligament at risk during soccer: a gender-based analysis. Sports Health. 2015;7:244\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1941738114535184.","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"key":"2436_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-017-1905-0","volume":"27","author":"A Grassi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Grassi A, Smiley SP, Roberti di Sarsina T, Signorelli C, Marcheggiani Muccioli GM, Bondi A, et al. Mechanisms and situations of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in professional male soccer players: a YouTube-based video analysis. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2017;27:967\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00590-017-1905-0.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"key":"2436_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738120936673","volume":"12","author":"A Grassi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Grassi A, Tosarelli F, Agostinone P, Macchiarola L, Zaffagnini S, Della VF. Rapid posterior tibial reduction after noncontact anterior cruciate ligament rupture: mechanism description from a video analysis. Sports Health. 2020;12:462\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1941738120936673.","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"key":"2436_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2023.118024","author":"R Rekik","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rekik R, Bahr R, Cruz F, Read P, Whiteley R, D\u2019hooghe P, et al. Mechanisms of ACL injuries in men\u2019s football: a systematic video analysis over six seasons in the Qatari professional league. bs. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5114\/biolsport.2023.118024.","journal-title":"bs"},{"key":"2436_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2014-094573","volume":"49","author":"M Wald\u00e9n","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wald\u00e9n M, Krosshaug T, Bj\u00f8rneboe J, Andersen TE, Faul O, H\u00e4gglund M. Three distinct mechanisms predominate in non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injuries in male professional football players: a systematic video analysis of 39 cases. Br J Sports Med. 2015;49:1452\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2014-094573.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"2436_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2024-002149","volume":"10","author":"M Buckthorpe","year":"2024","unstructured":"Buckthorpe M, Pirli Capitani L, Olivares-Jabalera J, Olmo J, Della VF. Systematic video analysis of ACL injuries in professional Spanish male football (soccer): injury mechanisms, situational patterns, biomechanics and neurocognitive errors\u2014a study on 115 consecutive cases. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2024;10:e002149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjsem-2024-002149.","journal-title":"BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med"},{"key":"2436_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671251314642","author":"F Della Villa","year":"2025","unstructured":"Della Villa F, Stride M, Bortolami A, Williams A, Davison M, Buckthorpe M. Systematic video analysis of ACL injuries in male professional English soccer players: a study of 124 cases. Orthop J Sports Med. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23259671251314642.","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"2436_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ksa.12612","author":"A Ranzini","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ranzini A, Alessandro C, Nitri M, Pellegrini A, Esposito F, Della Villa F, et al. 3D kinematics of noncontact and indirect contact ACL injuries in elite male football players. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ksa.12612.","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"2436_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465241248071","volume":"52","author":"M Zago","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zago M, Esposito F, Stillavato S, Zaffagnini S, Frigo CA, Della VF. 3-Dimensional biomechanics of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries in male professional soccer players. Am J Sports Med. 2024;52:1794\u2013803. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03635465241248071.","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2436_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-0209.22","volume":"59","author":"A Gokeler","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gokeler A, Tosarelli F, Buckthorpe M, Della VF. Neurocognitive errors and noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries in professional male soccer players. J Athl Train. 2024;59:262\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4085\/1062-6050-0209.22.","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"2436_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2006.05.015","volume":"10","author":"JL Cochrane","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cochrane JL, Lloyd DG, Buttfield A, Seward H, McGivern J. Characteristics of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in Australian football. J Sci Med Sport. 2007;10:96\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsams.2006.05.015.","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"2436_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546518756328","volume":"46","author":"JT Johnston","year":"2018","unstructured":"Johnston JT, Mandelbaum BR, Schub D, Rodeo SA, Matava MJ, Silvers-Granelli HJ, et al. Video analysis of anterior cruciate ligament tears in professional American football athletes. Am J Sports Med United States. 2018;46:862\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546518756328.","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med United States"},{"key":"2436_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096425","volume":"52","author":"C Montgomery","year":"2018","unstructured":"Montgomery C, Blackburn J, Withers D, Tierney G, Moran C, Simms C. Mechanisms of ACL injury in professional rugby union: a systematic video analysis of 36 cases. Br J Sports Med. 2018;52:994\u20131001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096425.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"2436_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1080\/24733938.2022.2076897","volume":"7","author":"TL Rolley","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rolley TL, Saunders N, Bonacci J, Keast M, Fox AS. Video analysis of anterior cruciate ligament injury situations in the women\u2019s Australian Football League. Sci Med Footb. 2023;7:106\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/24733938.2022.2076897.","journal-title":"Sci Med Footb"},{"key":"2436_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671221120832","volume":"10","author":"K Axelrod","year":"2022","unstructured":"Axelrod K, Canastra N, Lemme NJ, Testa EJ, Owens BD. Epidemiology with video analysis of knee injuries in the Women\u2019s National Basketball Association. Orthop J Sports Med. 2022;10:232596712211208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23259671221120832.","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"2436_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2023-107075","volume":"57","author":"VS Gill","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gill VS, Tummala SV, Boddu SP, Brinkman JC, McQuivey KS, Chhabra A. Biomechanics and situational patterns associated with anterior cruciate ligament injuries in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Br J Sports Med. 2023;57:1395\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2023-107075.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"2436_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546506293899","volume":"35","author":"T Krosshaug","year":"2007","unstructured":"Krosshaug T, Nakamae A, Boden BP, Engebretsen L, Smith G, Slauterbeck JR, et al. Mechanisms of anterior cruciate ligament injury in basketball: video analysis of 39 cases. Am J Sports Med. 2007;35:359\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546506293899.","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2436_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-023-00747-8","volume":"15","author":"T Saito","year":"2023","unstructured":"Saito T, Matsumura N, Kawamoto S, Doi N, Aoyama T, Nagai-Tanima M. Analyses of actions which cause anterior cruciate ligament injuries in the National Basketball Association players: YouTube-based video analyses. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2023;15:130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13102-023-00747-8.","journal-title":"BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2436_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671241234880","author":"F Toserelli","year":"2024","unstructured":"Toserelli F, Buckthorpe M, Di Paolo S, Grassi A, Rodas G, Zaffagnini S, et al. Systematic video analysis of ACL injuries in male basketball players: injury mechanisms, situational patterns, and biomechanics study on 36 consecutive cases. Orthop J Sports Med. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23259671241234880.","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"2436_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465251330007","volume":"53","author":"K Heder Ternell","year":"2025","unstructured":"Heder Ternell K, Tosarelli F, Buckthorpe M, Samuelsson K, Hamrin Senorski E, Della Villa F. A systematic video analysis of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in professional female basketball players. Am J Sports Med. 2025;53:1368\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03635465251330007.","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2436_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.23736\/S0022-4707.24.15724-6","volume":"64","author":"JP Costello II","year":"2024","unstructured":"Costello JP II, Stauber ZM, Luxenburg D, Cohen JL, Tandron MC, Rizzo MG Jr, et al. Video analysis of anterior cruciate ligament tears of professional basketball players in the National Basketball Association. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2024;64:668\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23736\/S0022-4707.24.15724-6.","journal-title":"J Sports Med Phys Fitness"},{"key":"2436_CR53","first-page":"205","volume":"82","author":"ET Hurley","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hurley ET, Markus DH, Manjunath AK, Jazrawi LM, Gonzalez-Lomas G, Strauss EJ. Video analysis of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in National Basketball Association athletes. Bull Hosp Jt Dis. 2024;82:205\u20139.","journal-title":"Bull Hosp Jt Dis"},{"key":"2436_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2015.1121285","volume":"34","author":"MC Stuelcken","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stuelcken MC, Mellifont DB, Gorman AD, Sayers MGL. Mechanisms of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in elite women\u2019s netball: a systematic video analysis. J Sports Sci. 2016;34:1516\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02640414.2015.1121285.","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"key":"2436_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ksa.12280","author":"R Akoto","year":"2024","unstructured":"Akoto R, Mehl J, Diermeyer T, Achtnich A, Petersen W, Lambert C. Direct contact and very rapid valgus distortion characterise the injury mechanism of anterior cruciate ligament ruptures in judo. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ksa.12280.","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"2436_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508328107","volume":"37","author":"BP Boden","year":"2009","unstructured":"Boden BP, Torg JS, Knowles SB, Hewett TE. Video analysis of anterior cruciate ligament injury: abnormalities in hip and ankle kinematics. Am J Sports Med. 2009;37:252\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546508328107.","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2436_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-20000601-15","volume":"23","author":"BP Boden","year":"2000","unstructured":"Boden BP, Dean GS, Feagin JAJ, Garrett WEJ. Mechanisms of anterior cruciate ligament injury. Orthopedics. 2000;23:573\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3928\/0147-7447-20000601-15.","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"2436_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546512437850","volume":"40","author":"FT Sheehan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sheehan FT, Sipprell WH 3rd, Boden BP. Dynamic sagittal plane trunk control during anterior cruciate ligament injury. Am J Sports Med. 2012;40:1068\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546512437850.","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2436_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26603\/001c.67775","author":"M Vargas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vargas M, Chaney GK, Mej\u00eda Jaramillo MC, Cummings P, McPherson A, Bates NA. Video analysis of 26 cases of second ACL injury events in collegiate and professional athletes. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26603\/001c.67775.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"2436_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199214020-00002","volume":"14","author":"W van Mechelen","year":"1992","unstructured":"van Mechelen W, Hlobil H, Kemper HC. Incidence, severity, aetiology and prevention of sports injuries. A review of concepts. Sports Med. 1992;14:82\u201399.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"2436_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-020-00276-5","volume":"6","author":"TA Donelon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Donelon TA, Dos\u2019Santos T, Pitchers G, Brown M, Jones PA. Biomechanical determinants of knee joint loads associated with increased anterior cruciate ligament loading during cutting: a systematic review and technical framework. Sports Med Open. 2020;6:53. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40798-020-00276-5.","journal-title":"Sports Med Open"},{"key":"2436_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-021-01583-x","volume":"52","author":"AJ McBurnie","year":"2022","unstructured":"McBurnie AJ, Harper DJ, Jones PA, Dos\u2019Santos T. Deceleration training in team sports: another potential \u2018vaccine\u2019 for sports-related injury? Sports Med. 2022;52:1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-021-01583-x.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"2436_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546518782460","volume":"47","author":"EJ Petushek","year":"2019","unstructured":"Petushek EJ, Sugimoto D, Stoolmiller M, Smith G, Myer GD. Evidence-based best-practice guidelines for preventing anterior cruciate ligament injuries in young female athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Sports Med. 2019;47:1744\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546518782460.","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2436_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546504269591","volume":"33","author":"TE Hewett","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hewett TE, Myer GD, Ford KR, Heidt RS, Colosimo AJ, McLean SG, et al. Biomechanical measures of neuromuscular control and valgus loading of the knee predict anterior cruciate ligament injury risk in female athletes: a prospective study. Am J Sports Med. 2005;33:492\u2013501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546504269591.","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2436_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0155272","volume":"11","author":"A Monajati","year":"2016","unstructured":"Monajati A, Larumbe-Zabala E, Goss-Sampson M, Naclerio F. The effectiveness of injury prevention programs to modify risk factors for non-contact anterior cruciate ligament and hamstring injuries in uninjured team sports athletes: a systematic review. PLoS\u00a0One. 2016;11:e0155272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0155272.","journal-title":"PLoS\u00a0One"},{"key":"2436_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1080\/14763141.2021.1898671","volume":"22","author":"G Hughes","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hughes G, Dai B. The influence of decision making and divided attention on lower limb biomechanics associated with anterior cruciate ligament injury: a narrative review. Sports Biomech. 2023;22:30\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14763141.2021.1898671.","journal-title":"Sports Biomech"},{"key":"2436_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apunsm.2023.100411","volume":"58","author":"M M\u00e9ndez-Bouza","year":"2023","unstructured":"M\u00e9ndez-Bouza M, Alonso-Calvete A, Abalo-N\u00fa\u00f1ez R. Efficacy of perturbation-based balance training in anterior cruciate ligament tears. A systematic review. Apunts Sports Med. 2023;58:100411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apunsm.2023.100411.","journal-title":"Apunts Sports Med"},{"key":"2436_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-101885","volume":"55","author":"M Raftery","year":"2021","unstructured":"Raftery M, Tucker R, Falvey \u00c9C. Getting tough on concussion: how welfare-driven law change may improve player safety\u2014a Rugby Union experience. Br J Sports Med. 2021;55:527\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2019-101885.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"2436_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1080\/24733938.2024.2375752","volume":"9","author":"G Rennie","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rennie G, Chesson L, Weaving D, Jones B. The effects of rule changes in football-code team sports: a systematic review. Sci Med Football. 2025;9:199\u2013212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/24733938.2024.2375752.","journal-title":"Sci Med Football"},{"key":"2436_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-023-01857-6","volume":"53","author":"F Aiello","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aiello F, McCall A, Brown SJ, Serner A, Fortington LV, Huurman SAE, et al. Development of a standardised system to classify injury-inciting circumstances in football: the Football Injury Inciting Circumstances Classification System (FIICCS). Sports Med. 2023;53:1805\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-023-01857-6.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"2436_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2022-106187","volume":"57","author":"L Mackay","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mackay L, Jones B, van Rensburg DCJ, Hall F, Alexander L, Atkinson K, et al. Consensus on a netball video analysis framework of descriptors and definitions by the netball video analysis consensus group. Br J Sports Med. 2023;57:441\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2022-106187.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"2436_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2014.911354","volume":"14","author":"JT Costello","year":"2014","unstructured":"Costello JT, Bieuzen F, Bleakley CM. Where are all the female participants in sports and exercise medicine research? Eur J Sport Sci. 2014;14:847\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17461391.2014.911354.","journal-title":"Eur J Sport Sci"},{"key":"2436_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2021.04.003","volume":"11","author":"A Zech","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zech A, Hollander K, Junge A, Steib S, Groll A, Heiner J, et al. Sex differences in injury rates in team-sport athletes: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis. J Sport Health Sci. 2022;11:104\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jshs.2021.04.003.","journal-title":"J Sport Health Sci"},{"key":"2436_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546505284183","volume":"34","author":"TE Hewett","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hewett TE, Myer GD, Ford KR. Anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female athletes: part 1, mechanisms and risk factors. Am J Sports Med. 2006;34:299\u2013311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546505284183.","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2436_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2024.100325","volume":"9","author":"AL Gianakos","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gianakos AL, Arias C, Batailler C, Servien E, Mulcahey MK. Sex specific considerations in anterior cruciate ligament injuries in the female athlete: state of the art. J ISAKOS. 2024;9:100325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jisako.2024.100325.","journal-title":"J ISAKOS"}],"container-title":["Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40279-026-02436-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40279-026-02436-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40279-026-02436-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T05:02:23Z","timestamp":1787461343000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40279-026-02436-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["2436"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-026-02436-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0112-1642","1179-2035"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0112-1642","type":"print"},{"value":"1179-2035","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 March 2026","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 April 2026","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest. K.H. is editor for the\n                      German Journal of Sports Medicine\n                      and associate editor for the\n                      BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine\n                      . S.W. is associate editor for\n                      Footwear Science\n                      .","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All extracted information can be found in the figures and Supplementary Materials.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Availability of data and material","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Code availability","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval information","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"JW devised the study in consultation with the author team. PM, SW, LB, CVD, KB, DF, and TG performed the literature search. TG, KH, LR, TK, LB, CVD, and TH performed data extraction, quality assessment, and risk-of-bias rating. PM, KB, LB, CVD, and JW performed the data analysis. All authors contributed to the draft of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","label":"Authors\u2019 contributions","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}