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Such cumulative exposure taxes multiple physiological systems and may lead to sustained biological strain throughout the competitive season. However, the integrated systemic impact of congested schedules remains incompletely characterized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to characterize the systemic physiological impact of cumulative competitive load across a full professional soccer season using an integrated biomarker framework.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this prospective longitudinal investigation, we employed the systemic degree of perturbation score, an adaptation of the molecular degree of perturbation, to circulating biochemical, hematological, and metabolic biomarkers obtained from professional soccer players across a full competitive season. Multi-dimensional analyses were employed to characterize systemic alterations associated with cumulative competitive load.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A progressive increase in systemic perturbation was observed across the competitive season. The relative contribution of individual biomarkers shifted over time, with late-season phases characterized by more integrated muscular-inflammatory-metabolic profiles. Myoglobin and monocyte-related markers consistently contributed to systemic degree of perturbation values across competitive quarters, and network analyses demonstrated progressive changes in correlation architecture involving muscular, inflammatory, and metabolic mediators.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results provide a comprehensive view of the physiological burden imposed by a professional soccer season and describe a progressive integration of muscular, inflammatory, and metabolic responses under cumulative competitive load. This integrated perspective supports the potential utility of biomarker-based monitoring frameworks for characterizing seasonal biological strain in elite athletes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-026-02470-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T09:39:20Z","timestamp":1782121160000},"page":"2597-2610","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Systemic Degree of Perturbation of Plasma Markers Reveals Cumulative Biological Stress Across the Competitive Season in Professional Soccer Players"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Deivide","family":"Oliveira-de-Souza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego Viana","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliano","family":"Spineti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f4nio Pedro Farias","family":"Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Humberto","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruna Karoline Lima","family":"Piazera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Luzardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Artur T. 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Andrade). Beatriz Barreto-Duarte received a fellowship from Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (Finance code: 001). Bruno B. Andrade is a senior investigator and Fellow of the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq), Brazil. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection, and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Funding","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Deivide Oliveira-de-Souza, Diego Viana Gomes, Juliano Spineti, Ant\u00f4nio Pedro Farias Net, Humberto Miranda, Bruna Karoline Lima Piazera, Ricardo Luzardo, Artur TL Queiroz, Beatriz Barreto-Duarte, and Bruno B. Andrade have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this arricle.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflicts of Interest\/Competing Interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All clinical procedures were conducted in accordance with the principles expressed in the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Centro Universit\u00e1rio de Volta Redonda\/Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Aranha (UNIFOA), approval number 68281723.4.0000.5237.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All participants were fully informed about the objectives and procedures of the study and provided written informed consent to participate prior to enrollment.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to Participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for Publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","label":"Availability of Data and Material","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","label":"Code Availability","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"BBA, DVG, BBD, and DOS designed the study and mentored the work; JS, APFN, HM, BKLP, and RL performed the experiments and data collection; BBA, DOS, and ATLQ performed the data analyses; ATLQ contributed to methodological refinement, and DOS wrote the first draft of the manuscript. All authors reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript.","order":8,"name":"Ethics","label":"Authors\u2019 Contributions","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}