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Regarding self-reported pain outcomes, low to moderate evidence certainty indicated significant associations between strength improvements and pain reduction for knee extensors (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u2009\u2212\u20090.75,\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u2009\u2212\u20090.21), knee flexors (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u2009\u2212\u20090.46,\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u2009\u2212\u20090.14), hip abductors (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u2009\u2212\u20090.91,\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u2009\u2212\u20090.31), hip adductors (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u2009\u2212\u20090.26,\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u2009\u2212\u20090.19), hip external rotators (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u2009\u2212\u20090.24,\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u2009\u2212\u20090.06), hip internal rotators (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u2009\u2212\u20090.79,\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u2009\u2212\u20090.31) and hip extensors (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u2009\u2212\u20090.58,\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u2009\u2212\u20090.26). Regarding self-reported function, low to high evidence certainty indicated that strength improvements in knee extensors (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.70,\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.15), knee flexors (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.46,\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.07), hip abductors (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.94,\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.15), hip adductors (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.55,\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.11), and hip internal rotators (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.98,\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.06) were significantly associated with improved function.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review provides evidence that improvements in lower limb muscle strength are associated with improvements in pain and physical function among people with PFP. These findings reinforce the clinical relevance of strength-focused rehabilitation, particularly targeting the knee and hip muscles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Registration Number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CRD42023420875.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-026-02473-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T13:39:18Z","timestamp":1781617158000},"page":"2717-2731","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis of the Association between Changes in Muscle Strength and Clinical Outcome Changes in Patellofemoral Pain"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9412-3236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guilherme S.","family":"Nunes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matheus Weide","family":"Solner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00eanifer","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruna","family":"Wageck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Julia Meireles","family":"Dangui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2473_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190892","volume":"13","author":"BE Smith","year":"2018","unstructured":"Smith BE, Selfe J, Thacker D, et al. 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Literature search and data collection were performed by Anna Julia Meireles Dangui, Matheus Weide Solner and J\u00eanifer de Oliveira; data analysis was performed by Guilherme S. Nunes and Bruna Wageck. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Guilherme S. Nunes and Anna Julia Meireles Dangui, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Author Contributions","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","label":"Informed Consent","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to Participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to Publish","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}