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Carmine Stolfi and Irene Marafini have no conflict of interests to declare. Raja Atreya received research grants from, or served as a member of advisory boards or speakers\u2019 bureaus, for AbbVie, Amgen, Arena Pharmaceuticals, Biogen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Celltrion Healthcare, Dr Falk Pharma, Eli Lilly, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Fresenius Kabi, Galapagos, Gilead, GlaxoSmithKline plc, InDex Pharmaceuticals, Janssen-Cilag, Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals, MSD, Novartis, Pandion Therapeutics, Pfizer, Roche Pharma, Samsung Bioepis, Stelic Institute, Sterna Biologicals, Takeda Pharma, Tillotts Pharma AG, and Viatris. Markus F. Neurath served as a consultant for Pentax, Abbvie, Boehringer, PPM, Janssen, and Takeda.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of Interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics and consent"}},{"value":"GM: Literature search, data collection and interpretation, and writing of the manuscript. CS, IM, RA and MFN: Critical revision of the manuscript.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Author contributions"}},{"value":"No specific funding has been received for this work.\u00a0Open access funding provided by Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata within the CRUI-CARE Agreement.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Funding"}},{"value":"Data describing the chemical properties of the mongersen batches are available in PubMed and can be accessed via the following doi link: . The post\u00a0hoc analysis data shown in Fig.  were provided by Nogra Pharma Ltd. Data will be shared on request to the corresponding author with the permission of Nogra Pharma Ltd.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Data availability"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Code availability"}}]}}